Beowulf (page 9)

sg. I., III. sceal beÛdan (_shall offer_), 384; so, 424, 438, 602, 637, 1061, 1707, 1856, 1863, 2070; sceall, 2499, 2509, etc.; II. scealt, 1708; pl. wit sculon, 684; subj. pret. scolde, 280, 692, 911; sceolde, 3069.–3) sculan sometimes forms a periphrastic phrase or circumlocution for a simple tense, usually with a slight feeling of obligation or necessity: pres. sg. he ge-wunian sceall (_he inhabits; is said to inhabit?_), 2276; pret. sg. se ˛e w‰ter-egesan wunian scolde, 1261; w‰cnan scolde (_was to awake_), 85; se ˛one gomelan grÍtan sceolde (_was to, should, approach_), 2422; ˛‰t se byrn-wÓga b˚gan sceolde (_the corseleted warrior had to bow, fell_), 2919; pl. ˛‚ ˛e beado-grÓman b˝wan sceoldon (_they that had to polish or deck the battle-masks_), 2258; so, 230, 705, 1068.–4) w. omitted inf., such as wesan, gangan: unc sceal worn fela m‚ma ge-mÊnra (i.e. wesan). 1784; so, 2660; sceal se hearda helm … f‰tum befeallen (i.e. wesan), 2256; ic him ‰fter sceal (i.e. gangan), 2817; subj. ˛onne ˛u for scyle (i.e. gangan), 1180. A verb or inf. expressed in an antecedent clause is not again expressed with a subsequent sceal: gÊ ‚ Wyrd sw‚ hiÛ scel (_Weird goeth ever as it shall_ [go]), 455; g˚-bill ge-sw‚c sw‚ hit nÙ sceolde (i.e. ge-swÓcan), 2586.

sc˚a, w. m., _shadowy demon_: in comp. de·-sc˚a.

sc˚fan, st. v.: 1) intrans., _to move forward, hasten_: pret. part. ˛‚ w‰s morgen-leÛht scofen and scynded, 919.–2) w. acc., _to shove, push_: pret. pl. guman ˚t scufon … wudu bundenne (_pushed the vessel from the land_), 215; dracan scufun … ofer weall-clif (_pushed the dragon over the wall-like cliff_), 3132. See wÓd-scofen(?)

be-sc˚fan, w. acc., _to push, thrust down, in_: inf. w‚ bi ˛‰m ˛e sceal … s‚wle be-sc˚fan in f˝res f‰m (_woe to him that shall thrust his soul into fire’s embrace_), 184.

sc˚r, st. m., _shower, battle-shower_: in comp. Ósern-sc˚r.

sc˚r-heard, adj., _fight-hardened? (file-hardened?_): nom. pl. sc˚r-heard, 1034.

scyld, scyldan. See scild, scildan.

scyldig, adj., _under obligations_ or _bound for; guilty of_, w. gen. and instr.: ealdres (morres) scyldig, 1339, 1684, 2062; synnum scyldig (_guilty of evil deeds_), 3072.

scyndan, w. v., _to hasten_: inf. scyndan, 2571; pret. part, scynded, 919

scynna. See scinna.

scyppend. See sceapan.

scyran, w. v., _to arrange, decide_: inf. ˛‰t hit sceaen-mÊl scyran mÙste (_that the sword must decide it_), 1940. O.N. skora, _to score, decide_.

sc˝ne, adj., _sheen, well-formed, beautiful_: nom. sg. m‰g sc˝ne, 3017.

se, pron. dem. and article, _the_: m. nom., 79, 84, 86, 87, 90, 92, 102, etc.; fem, seÛ, 66, 146, etc.; neut. ˛‰t;–relative: se (_who_), 1611, 2866; se ˛e (_he who_), 2293; seÛ ˛e (_she who_), 1446; se ˛e (for seÛ ˛e), 1345, 1888, 2686; cf. 1261, 1498; (Grendel’s mother, as a wild, demonic creature, is conceived now as man, now as woman: woman, as having borne a son; man, as the incarnation of savage cunning and power); se for seÛ, 2422; dat. sg. ˛am (for ˛am ˛e), 2780.

secce. See sacu.

secg, st. m., _man, warrior, hero, spokesman_ (secgan?): nom. sg., 208, 872, 2228, 2407, etc.; (BeÛwulf), 249, 948, 1312, 1570, 1760, etc.; (Wulfg‚r), 402; (H˚nfer), 981; (WÓgl‚f), 2864; acc. sg. sinnigne secg (Grendel’s mother, cf. se), 1380; dat. sg. secge, 2020; nom. pl. secgas, 213, 2531, 3129; dat. pl. secgum, 490; gen. pl. secga, 634, 843, 997, 1673.

secg, st. f., _sword_ (sedge?): acc. sg. secge, 685.

secgan, w. v., _to say, speak_: 1) w. acc.: pres. sg. gode ic ˛anc secge, 1998; so, 2796; pres. part. sw‚ se secg hwata secgende w‰s l‚ra spella (partitive gen.), 3029; inf. secgan, 582, 876, 881, 1050; pret. sg. s‰gde him ˛‰s le·nes ˛anc, 1810; pret. sg. II. hw‰t ˛u worn fela … s‰gdest from his sÓe, 532.–2) without acc inf. sw‚ we sÙlÓce secgan h˝rdon, 273; pret. sg. s‰gde, 2633, 2900–3) w. depend. clause: pres. sg. ic secge, 591; pl. III. secga, 411; inf. secgan, 51, 391, 943, 1347, 1701, 1819, 2865, 3027; gerund. tÙ secganne, 473, 1725; pret. sg. s‰gde, 90, 1176; pl. s‰gdon, 377, 2188; sÊdan, 1946.

‚-secgan (edicere), _to say out, deliver_: inf. wille ic ‚-secgan suna Healfdenes … mÓn Êrende, 344.

ge-secgan, _to say, relate_: imper. sg. II. ge-saga, 388; ˛‰t ic his Êrest ˛e eft ge-s‰gde (_that I should, after, tell thee its origin_), 2158; pret. part. ges‰gd, 141; gesÊd, 1697.

sefa, w. m., _heart, mind, soul, spirit_: nom. sg., 49, 490, 595, 2044, 2181, 2420, 2601, 2633; acc. sg. sefan, 278, 1727, 1843; dat. sg. sefan, 473, 1343, 1738.–Comp. mÙd-sefa.

ge-segen, st. f., _legend, tale_: in comp. eald-ge-segen.

segl, st. n., _sail_: nom. sg., 1907.

segl-r‚d, st. f., _sail-road_, i.e. sea: dat. sg. on segl-r‚de, 1430.

segn, st. n., _banner_, vexillum: nom. sg., 2768, 2959; acc. sg. segen, 47, 1022; segn, 2777; dat. sg. under segne, 1205.–Comp. he·fod-segn.

sel, st. n., _hall, palace_. See s‰l.

seld, st. n., _dwelling, house_: in comp. medu-seld.

ge-selda, w. m., contubernalis, _companion_: acc. sg. geseldan, 1985.

seldan, adv., _seldom_: oft [nÙ] seldan, 2030.

seld-guma, w. m., _house-man, home-stayer(?); common man?, house-carl?_: nom. sg., 249.

sele, st. m. and n., _building consisting of one apartment; apartment, room_: nom. sg., 81, 411; acc. sg. sele, 827, 2353; dat. sg. tÙ sele, 323, 1641; in (on, tÙ) sele ˛am he·n, 714, 920, 1017, 1985; on sele (_in the den of the dragon_), 3129.–Comp.: be·h-, beÛr-, dryht-, eor-, gest-, gold-, grund-, g˚-, he·h-, hring-, hrÙf-, ni-, win-sele.

sele-dre·m, st. m., _hall-glee, joy in the hall_: acc. sg. ˛‚ra ˛e ˛is lÓf ofgeaf, ges‚won sele-dre·m (referring to the joy of heaven?), 2253.

sele-ful, st. n., _hall-goblet_: acc. sg., 620.

sele-gyst, st. m., _hall-guest, stranger in hall_ or _house_: acc. sg. ˛one sele-gyst, 1546.

sele-rÊdend, pres. part., _hall-ruler, possessor of the hall_: nom. pl., 51; acc. leÛde mÓne sele-rÊdende, 1347.

sele-rest, st. f., _bed in the hall_: acc. sg. sele-reste, 691.

sele-˛egn, st. m., _retainer, hall-thane, chamberlain_: nom. sg., 1795.

sele-weard, st. m., _hall-ward, guardian of the hall_: acc. sg., 668.

self, sylf, pron., _self_: nom. sg. strong form, self, 1314, 1925 (? selfa); ˛u self, 595; ˛u ˛e self, 954; self cyning (_the king himself, the king too_), 921, 1011; sylf, 1965; in weak form, selfa, 1469; he selfa, 29, 1734; ˛‰m ˛e him selfa de·h (_that can rely upon, trust to, himself_), 1840; seolfa, 3068; he sylfa, 505; god sylfa, 3055; acc. sg. m. selfne, 1606; hine selfne (_himself_), 962; hyne selfne (_himself_, reflex.), 2876; wi sylfne (_beside_), 1978; gen. sg. m. selfes, 701, 896; his selfes, 1148; on sÓnne sylfes dÙm (_at his own will_), 2148; sylfes, 2224, 2361, 2640, 2711, 2777, 3014; his sylfes, 2014, 2326; fem. hire selfre, 1116; nom. pl. selfe, 419; S˚-Dene sylfe, 1997.

ge-sella, w. m., _house-companion, comrade_: in comp. hand-gesella.

sellan, syllan, w. v.: 1) w. acc. of thing, dat. of pers., _to give, deliver; permit, grant, present_: pres. sg. III. sele him on Íle eoran wynne, 1731; inf. syllan, 2161, 2730; pret. sg. sealde, 72, 673, 1272, 1694, 1752, 2025, 2156, 2183, 2491, 2995; nefne god sylfa sealde ˛am ˛e he wolde hord openian (_unless God himself gave to whom he would to open the hoard_), 3056; pret. sg. II. sealdest, 1483.–2) _to give, give up_ (only w. acc. of thing): Êr he feorh sele (_he prefers to give up his life_), 1371; nallas on gylp sele f‰tte be·gas (_giveth out gold-wrought rings_, etc.), 1750; pret. sg. sinc-fato sealde, 623; pl. byrelas sealdon wÓn of wunder-fatum, 1162.

ge-sellan, w. acc. and dat. of pers., _to give, deliver; grant, present_: inf. ge-sellan, 1030; pret. sg. ge-sealde, 616, 1053, 1867, 1902, 2143, etc.

sel-lÓc, syl-lÓc (from seld-lÓc), adj., _strange, wondrous_: nom. sg. glÙf … syllÓc, 2087; acc. sg. n. syllÓc spell, 2110; acc. pl. sellÓce sÊ-dracan, 1427. Compar. acc. sg. syllÓcran wiht (the dragon), 3039.

semninga, adv., _straightway, at once_ 645, 1641, 1768.

sendan, w. v. w. acc. of thing and dat. of pers., _to send_: pret. sg. ˛one god sende folce tÙ frÙfre (_whom God sent as a comfort to the people_), 13; so, 471, 1843.

for-sendan, _to send away, drive off_ pret. part. he wear on feÛnda geweald … sn˚de for-sended, 905.

on-sendan, _to send forth, away_, w. acc. of thing and dat. of pers.: imper. sg. on-send, 452, 1484; pret. sg. on-sende, 382; pl. ˛e hine … for on-sendon Ênne ofer ˝e (_who sent him forth alone over the sea_), 45; pret. part. bealo-cwealm hafa fela feorh-cynna feorr on-sended, 2267.

sendan (cf. Gl. Aldhelm, sanda = ferculorum, epularum, in Haupt IX. 444), w. v., _to feast, banquet_: pres. sg. III. sende, 601.–Leo.

serce, syrce, w. f., _sark, shirt of mail_: nom. sg. syrce, 1112; nom. pl. syrcan, 226; acc. pl. grÊge syrcan, 334.–Comp.: beadu-, heoro-serce; here-, leoo-, lÓc-syrce.

sess, st. m., _seat, place for sitting_: dat. sg. sesse, 2718; ˛‚ he bÓ sesse geÛng (_by the seat_, i.e. before the dragon’s lair), 2757.

setl, st. n., _seat, settle_: acc. sg., 2014; dat. sg. setle, 1233, 1783, 2020; gen. sg. setles, 1787; dat. pl. setlum, 1290.–Comp.: he·h-, hilde-, meodu-setl.

settan, w. v., _to set_: pret. sg. setton sÊ-mÍe sÓde scyldas … wi ˛‰s recedes weall (_the sea-wearied ones set their broad shields against the wall of the hall_), 325; so, 1243.

‚-settan, _to set, place, appoint_: pret. pl. hie him ‚-setton segen [gyl]-denne he·h ofer he·fod, 47; pret. part. h‰fde kyninga wuldor Grendle tÙ-ge·nes … sele-weard ‚-seted, 668.

be-settan, _to set with, surround_: pret. sg. (helm) besette swÓn-lÓcum (_set the helm with swine-bodies_), 1454.

ge-settan: 1) _to set, set down_: pret. part. sw‚ w‰s …˛urh r˚n-stafas rihte ge-mearcod, ge-seted and ge-sÊd (_thus was … in rune-staves rightly marked, set down and said_), 1697.–2) _to set, ordain, create_: pret. sg. ge-sette … sunnan and mÙnan leÛman tÙ leÛhte land-b˚endum, 94.–3) = componere, _to lay aside, smooth over, appease_: pret. sg. ˛‰t he mid ˛˝ wÓfe w‰l-fÊha … dÊl … ge-sette, 2030.

sÍcan, w. v., _to follow after_, hence: 1) _to seek, strive for_, w. acc.: pret. sg. sinc-f‰t sÙhte _(sought the costly cup_), 2301; ne sÙhte searo-nÓas, 2739; so, 3068. Without acc.: ˛onne his myne sÙhte (_than his wish demanded_), 2573; hord-weard sÙhte georne ‰fter grunde (_the hoard-warden sought eagerly along the ground_), 2294.–2) _to look for, come_ or _go some whither, attain something_, w. acc.: pres. sg. III. se ˛e … biorgas sÍce, 2273; subj. ˛e·h ˛e hÊ-stapa holt-wudu sÍce, 1370; imper. sÍc gif ˛u dyrre (_look for her_, i.e. Grendel’s mother, _if thou dare_), 1380; inf. sÍcean, 200, 268, 646, 1598, 1870, 1990, 2514(?), 3103, etc.; sÍcan, 665, 1451; drihten sÍcean (_seek, go to, the Lord_), 187; sÍcean wyn-le·s wÓc (_Grendel was to seek a joyless place_, i.e. Hell), 822; so, sÍcan deÛfla gedr‰g, 757; s‚wle sÍcan (_seek the life, kill_), 802; so, sÍcean s‚wle hord, 2423; gerund. s‰cce tÙ sÍceanne, 2563; pret. sg. I., III. sÙhte, 139, 208, 376, 417, 2224; II. sÙhtest, 458; pl. sÙhton, 339.–3) _to seek, attack_: ˛e ˚s sÍcea tÙ SweÛna leÛde, 3002; pret. pl. hine wr‰c-m‰cgas ofer sÊ sÙhtan, 2381.

ge-sÍcan: 1) _to seek_, w. acc.: inf. gif he gesÍcean dear wÓg ofer wÊpen, 685.–2) _to look for, come_ or _go to attain_, w. acc.: inf. ge-sÍcean, 693; gerund, tÙ ge-sÍcanne, 1923; pret. sg. ge-sÙhte, 463, 520, 718, 1952; pret. part. nom. pl. feor-c˝e beÛ sÍlran ge-sÙhte ˛am ˛e hine selfa de·h, 1840.–3) _to seek with hostile intent, to attack_: pres. sg. ge-sÍce 2516; pret. sg. ge-sÙhte, 2347; pl. ge-sÙhton, 2927; ge-sÙhtan, 2205.

ofer-sÍcan, w. acc., _to surpass, outdo_ (in an attack): pres. sg. w‰s siÛ hond tÙ strong, se ˛e mÍca gehwane … swenge ofer-sÙhte, ˛onne he tÙ s‰cce b‰r wÊpen wundrum heard (_too strong was the hand, that surpassed every sword in stroke, when he_ [BeÛwulf] _bore the wondrous weapon to battle_, i.e. the hand was too strong for any sword; its strength made it useless in battle), 2687.

sÍl, st. f. See sÊl.

sÍl, sÊl, adj., _good, excellent, fit_, only in compar.: nom. sg. m. sÍlra, 861, 2194; ˛Êm ˛Êr sÍlra w‰s (_to the one that was the better_, i.e. Hygel‚c), 2200; de· bi sÍlla ˛onne edwÓt-lÓf, 2891; neut. sÍlre, 1385; acc. sg. m. sÍlran ˛e (_a better than thee_), 1851; sÍlran, 1198; neut. ˛‰t sÍlre, 1760; dat. sg. m. sÍlran sweord-frecan, 1469; nom. pl. fem. sÍlran, 1840. Superl., strong form: nom. sg. neut. sÍlest, 173, 1060; h˚sa sÍlest, 146, 285, 936; Ùfost is sÍlest, 256; bolda sÍlest, 2327; acc. sg. neut. hr‰gla sÍlest, 454; h˚sa sÍlest, 659; billa sÍlest, 1145;–weak form: nom. sg. m. reced sÍlesta, 412; acc. sg. m. ˛one sÍlestan, 1407, 2383; (˛‰s, MS.), 1957; dat. sg. m. ˛‰m sÍlestan, 1686; nom. pl. sÍlestan, 416; acc. pl. ˛‚ sÍlestan, 3123.

sÍl, compar. adv., _better, fitter, more excellent_, 1013, 2531; ne by him wihte ˛Í sÍl (_he shall be nought the better for it_), 2278; so, 2688.

sealma (Frisian selma, in bed-selma), w. m., _bed-chamber, sleeping-place_: acc. sg. on sealman, 2461.

sealt, adj., _salty_: acc. sg. neut. ofer sealt w‰ter (_the sea_), 1990.

searo (G. sarwa, pl.), st. n.: 1) _armor, accoutrements, war-gear_: nom. pl. sÊ-manna searo, 329; dat. pl. secg on searwum (_a man, warrior, in panoply_), 249, 2701; in (on) searwum, 323, 1558; 2531, 2569; instr. pl. searwum, 1814.–2) _insidiae, ambuscade, waylaying, deception, battle_: ˛‚ ic of searwum cwom, f‚h from feÛndum, 419.–3) _cunning, art, skill_: instr. pl. sadol searwum f‚h (_saddle cunningly ornamented_), 1039; earmbe·ga fela, searwum ge-sÊled (_many cunningly-linked armlets_), 2765.–Comp. fyrd-, g˚-, inwit-searo.

searo-bend, st. f., _band, bond, of curious workmanship_: instr. pl. searo-bendum f‰st, 2087.

searo-f‚h, adj., _cunningly inlaid, ornamented, with gold_: nom. sg. here-byrne hondum ge-broden, sÓd and searo-f‚h, 1445.

searo-ge-˛r‰c, st. n., _heap of treasure-objects_: acc. sg., 3103.

searo-gim, st. m., _cunningly set gem, rich jewel_: acc. pl. searo-gimmas, 2750; gen. pl. searo-gimma, 1158.

searo-grim, adj., _cunning and fierce_: nom. sg., 595.

searo-h‰bbend, pres. part. as subst., _arms-bearing, warrior with his trappings_: gen. pl. searo-h‰bbendra, 237.

searo-net, st. n., _armor-net, shirt of mail, corselet_: nom. sg., 406.

searo-nÓ, st. m.: 1) _cunning hostility, plot, wiles_: acc. pl. searo-nÓas, 1201, 2739.–2) also, only _hostility, feud, contest_: acc. pl. searo-nÓas, 3068; gen. pl. searo-nÓa, 582.

searo-˛anc, st. m., _ingenuity_: instr. pl. searo-˛oncum, 776.

searo-wundor, st. n., _rare wonder_: acc. sg., 921.

seax, st. n., _shortsword, hip-knife; dagger_: instr. sg. seaxe, 1546.–Comp. w‰l-seax.

seax-ben, st. f., _dagger-wound_: instr. pl. siex-bennum, 2905.

seofon, num., _seven_, 517; seofan, 2196; decl. acc. syfone, 3123.

seomian, w. v.: 1) intrans., _to be tied; lie at rest_: inf. siomian, 2768; pret. sg. seomode, 302.–2) w. acc., _to put in bonds, entrap, catch_: pret. sg. dugue and geogoe seomade (cf. 2086-2092), 161.

seonu, st. f., _sinew_: nom. pl. seonowe, 818.

seÛc, adj., _feeble, weak; fatally ill_: nom. sg. feorh-bennum seÛc (of BeÛwulf, _sick unto death_), 2741; siex-bennum seÛc (of the dead dragon), 2905; nom. pl. mÙdes seÛce (_sick of soul_), 1604.–Comp.: ellen-, feorh-, heao-seÛc.

seÛan, st. v. w. acc., _to seethe, boil_; figuratively, _be excited over, brood_: pret. sg. ic ˛‰s mÙd-ceare sorh-wylmum se· (_I pined in heart-grief for that_), 1994; so, 190.

seÛlo, st. m.?, _bight, bay_ (cf. Dietrich in Haupt XI. 416): gen. pl. siÛlea bi-gong (_the realm of bights_ = the [surface of the] sea?), 2368.

seÛn, s˝n, st. f., _aspect, sight_: in comp. wlite-, wundor-seÛn, an-s˝n.

seÛn, st. v., _to see_: a) w. acc.: inf. searo-wunder seÛn, 921; so, 387, 1181, 1276, 3103; ˛Êr m‰g nihta ge-hwÊm nÓ-wundor seÛn (_there may every night be seen a repulsive marvel_), 1366; pret. sg. ne seah ic … heal-sittendra medudre·m m‚ran, 2015.–b) w. acc. and predicate adj.: ne seah ic el˛eÛdige ˛us manige men mÙdiglÓcran, 336.–c) w. prep. or adv.: pret. sg. seah on enta ge-weorc, 2718; seah on un-leÛfe, 2864; pl. folc tÙ sÊgon (_looked on_), 1423.

ge-seÛn, _to see, behold_: a) w. acc.: pres. sg. III. se ˛e be·h ge-syh, 2042; inf. ge-seÛn, 396, 571, 649, 962, 1079, etc.; pret. sg. geseah, 247, 927, 1558, 1614; pl. ge-s‚won, 1606, 2253.–b) w. acc. and predicate adj., pres. sg. III. ge-syh … on his suna b˚re win-sele wÍstne (_sees in his son’s house the wine-hall empty_; or, _hall of friends_?), 2456.–c) w. inf.: pret. sg. ge-seah … beran ofer bolcan beorhte randas (_saw shining shields borne over the gang-plank_), 229; pret. pl. mÊre m‚um-sweord monige ge-s‚won beforan beorn beran, 1024.–d) w. acc. and inf.: pret. sg. ge-seah, 729, 1517, 1586, 1663, 2543, 2605, etc.; pl. ge-s‚won, 221, 1348, 1426; ge-sÍgan, 3039; ge-sÍgon, 3129.–e) w. depend, clause: inf. m‰g ˛onne … geseÛn sunu HrÍles, ˛‰t ic (_may the son of H. see that I…_), 1486; pret. pl. ge-s‚won, 1592.

geond-seÛn, _to see, look through, over_, w. acc.: pret. sg. (ic) ˛‰t eall geond-seh, 3088.

ofer-seÛn, _to see clearly, plainly_: pret. pl. ofer-s‚won, 419.

on-seÛn, _to look on, at_, w. acc.: pret. pl. on-s‚won, 1651.

seÛwian, w. v., _to sew, put together, link_: pret. part. searo-net seÛwed smies or-˛ancum (_the corselet woven by the smith’s craft_), 406.

sib, st. f., _peace, friendship, relationship_: nom. sg., 1165, 1858; sibb, 2601; acc. sibbe, 950, 2432, 2923; instr. sg. sibbe (_in peace_?), 154.–Comp.: dryht-, frio-sib.

sib-‰eling, st. m., _nobilis consanguineus, kindred prince_ or _nobleman_: nom. pl. -‰elingas, 2709.

sibbe-gedryht, st. f., _body of allied_ or _related warriors_: acc. sg. sibbe-gedriht (the Danes), 387; (the Ge·tas), 730.

sian, syan: 1) adv.: a) _since, after, from now on, further_, 142, 149, 283, 567, 1903, 2052, 2065, 2176, 2703, 2807, 2921; seoan, 1876.–b) _then, thereupon, after_, 470, 686, 1454, 1557, 1690, 2208; seoan, 1938; Êr ne sian (_neither before nor after_), 719.

2) Conj.: a) w. ind. pres., _as soon as, when_, 413, 605, 1785, 2889, 2912.–b) w. ind. pret., _when, whilst_, 835, 851, 1205, 1207, 1421, 1590, 2357, 2961, 2971, 3128; seoan, 1776;–_since_, 649, 657, 983, 1199, 1254, 1309, 2202;–_after_, either with pluperf.: sian him scyppend forscrifen h‰fde (_after the Creator had proscribed him_), 106; so, 1473; or with pret. = pluperf.: syan niht becom (_after night had come on_), 115; so, 6, 132, 723, 887, 902, 1078, 1149, 1236, 1262, 1282, 1979, 2013, 2125; or pret. and pluperf. together, 2104-2105.

siex. See seax.

sige-dryhten, st. m., _lord of victory, victorious lord_: nom. sg. sige-drihten, 391.

sige-e·dig, adj., _blest with victory, victorious_: acc. sg. neut. sige-e·dig bil, 1558.

sige-folc, st. n., _victorious people, troop_: gen. pl. sige-folca, 645.

sige-hrÍ, st. f., _confidence of victory_(?): acc. sg., 490. See Note.

sige-hrÍig, adj., _victorious_: nom. sg., 94, 1598, 2757.

sige-hwÓl, st. f., _hour_ or _day of victory_: gen. sg. sige-hwÓle, 2711.

sige-le·s, adj., _devoid of victory, defeated_: acc. sg. sige-le·sne sang, 788.

sige-rÙf, adj., _victorious_: nom. sg., 620.

sige-˛eÛd, st. f., _victorious warrior troop_: dat. sg. on sige-˛eÛde, 2205.

sige-wÊpen, st. n., _victor-weapon, sword_: dat. pl. sige-wÊpnum, 805.

sigl, st. n.: 1) _sun_: nom. sg. sigel, 1967.–2) _sun-shaped ornament_: acc. pl. siglu, 3165; sigle (bracteates of a necklace), 1201; gen. pl. sigla, 1158.–Comp. m‚um-sigl.

sigor, st. m., _victory_: gen. sg. sigores, 1022; gen. pl. sigora, 2876, 3056.–Comp.: hrÍ-, wÓg-sigor.

sigor-e·dig, adj., _victorious_: nom. sg. sigor-e·dig secg (of BeÛwulf), 1312, 2353.

sin. See syn.

sinc, st. n., _treasure, jewel, property_: nom. sg., 2765; acc. sg. sinc, 81, 1205, 1486, 2384, 2432; instr. sg. since, 1039, 1451, 1616, 1883, 2218, 2747; gen. sg. sinces, 608, 1171, 1923, 2072; gen. pl. sinca, 2429.

sinc-f‚h, adj., _treasure-decked_: acc. sg. neut. weak form, sinc-f‚ge sel, 167.

sinc-f‰t, st. n., _costly vessel_: acc. sg., 2232, 2301;–_a costly object_: acc. sg., 1201 (i.e. mene); acc. pl. sinc-fato, 623.

sinc-ge-streÛn, st. n., _precious treasure, jewel of value _: instr. pl. -gestreÛnum, 1093; gen. pl. -gestreÛna, 1227.

sinc-gifa, w. m., _jewel-giver, treasure-giver = prince, ruler_: acc. sg. sinc-gyfan, 1013; dat. sg. sinc-gifan (of BeÛwulf), 2312; (of ƒschere), 1343.

sinc-m‚um, st. m., _treasure_: nom. sg., 2194.

sinc-˛ego, f., _acceptance, taking, of jewels_: nom. sg., 2885.

sin-dolh, st. n., _perpetual_, i.e. incurable, _wound_: nom. sg. syn-dolh, 818.

sin-fre·, w. m., _wedded lord, husband_: nom. sg., 1935.

sin-gal, adj., _continual, lasting_: acc. sg. fem, sin-gale s‰ce, 154.

sin-gales, adv. gen. sg., _continually, ever_, 1778; syngales, 1136.

singala, adv. gen. pl., the same, 190.

singan, st. v., _to sound, ring, sing_: pret. sg. hring-Óren scÓr song in searwum (_the ringed iron rang in the armor_), 323; horn stundum song f˚s-lÓc f[yrd]-leÛ (_at times the horn rang forth a ready battle-song_), 1424; scÙp hwÓlum sang (_the singer sang at whiles_), 496.

‚-singan, _to sing out, sing to an end_: pret. part. leÛ w‰s ‚-sungen, 1160.

sin-here, st. m., (_army without end_?), _strong army, host_: instr. sg. sin-herge, 2937.

sin-niht, st. f., _perpetual night, night after night_: acc. pl. sin-nihte (_night after night_), 161.

sin-sceaa, w. m., _irreconcilable foe_: nom. sg. syn-scaa, 708; acc. sg. syn-scaan, 802.

sin-snÊd, st. f., (_continuous biting_) _bite after bite_: dat. pl. syn-snÊdum swealh (_swallowed bite after bite, in great bites_), 744.

sittan, st. v.: 1) _to sit_: pres. sg. WÓgl‚f site ofer BiÛwulfe, 2907; imper. sg. site nu tÙ symle, 489; inf. ˛Êr swÓ-ferhe sittan eodon (_whither the strong-minded went and sat_), 493; eode … tÙ hire fre·n sittan (_went to sit by her lord_), 642; pret. sg. on wicge s‰t (_sat on the horse_), 286; ‰t fÙtum s‰t (_sat at the feet_), 500, 1167; ˛Êr HrÙg‚r s‰t (_where H. sat_), 356; so, 1191, 2895; he gewÍrgad s‰t … fre·n eaxlum ne·h, 2854; pret. pl. sÊton, 1165; gistas sÍtan (MS. sÍcan) … and on mere staredon (_the strangers sat and stared on the sea_), 1603.–2) _to be in a certain state_ or _condition_ (_quasi_ copula): pret. sg. mÊre ˛eÛden … unblÓe s‰t, 130.–Comp.: flet-, heal-sittend.

be-sittan, obsidere, _to surround, besiege_, w. acc.: bes‰t ˛‚ sin-herge sweorda l‚fe wundum wÍrge (_then besieged he with a host the leavings of the sword, wound-weary_), 2937.

for-sittan, obstrui, _to pass away, fail_: pres. sg. e·gena bearhtm for-site (_the light of the eyes passeth away_), 1768.

ge-sittan: 1) _to sit, sit together_: pret. sg. monig-oft ge-s‰t rÓce to r˚ne (_very often sat the king deliberating with his council_ (see rÓce), 171; wi earm ge-s‰t (_supported himself upon his arm, sat on his arm_?), 750; fÍa eal ge-s‰t (_the whole troop sat down_), 1425; ge-s‰t ˛‚ wi sylfne (_sat there beside, near to, him_, i.e. Hygel‚c), 1978;

ge-s‰t ˛‚ on n‰sse, 2418; so, 2718; pret. part. (syan) … we tÙ symble ge-seten h‰fdon, 2105.–2) w. acc., _to seat one’s self upon_ or _in something, to board_: pret. sg. ˛‚ ic … sÊ-b‚t ge-s‰t, 634.

of-sittan, w. acc., _to sit over_ or _upon_: pret. sg. of-s‰t ˛‚ ˛one sele-gyst, 1546.

ofer-sittan, w. acc., _to dispense with, refrain from_ (cf. ofer, 2 [c]): pres. sg. I. ˛‰t ic wi ˛one g˚-flogan gylp ofer-sitte, 2529; inf. secge ofer-sittan, 685.

on-sittan (O.H.G. int-sizzan, _to start from one’s seat, to be startled_), w. acc., _to fear_: inf. ˛‚ fÊhe, atole ecg-˛r‰ce eÛwer leÛde sÓwe onsittan _to dread the hostility, the fierce contest, of your people_, 598.

ymb-sittan, _to sit around_, w. acc.: pret. pl. (˛‰t hie) … symbel ymb-sÊton (_sat round the feast_), 564. See ymb-sittend.

sÓd, adj.: 1) _wide, broad, spacious, large_: nom. sg. (here-byrne, glÙf) sÓd, 1445, 2087; acc. sg. m. sÓdne scyld, 437; on sÓdne sÊ, 507; fem. byrnan sÓde (of a corselet extending over the legs), 1292; ofer sÊ sÓde, 2395; neut. sÓde rÓce, 1734, 2200; instr. sg. sÓdan herge, 2348; acc. pl. sÓde sÊ-n‰ssas, 223; sÓde scyldas, 325; gen. pl. sÓdra sorga (_of great sorrows_), 149.–2) in moral sense, _great, noble_: acc. sg. ˛urh sÓdne sefan, 1727.

side, adv., _far and wide, afar_, 1224.

sÓd-f‰me, adj., _broad-bosomed_: acc. sg. sÓd-f‰me scip, 1918.

sÓd-f‰med, _quasi_ pret. part., the same: nom. sg. sÓd-f‰med scip, 302.

sÓd-rand, st. m., _broad shield_: nom. sg., 1290.

sÓ (G. se˛u-s), adj., _late_: superl. nom. sg. sÓast sige-hwÓle (_the last hour, day, of victory_), 2711; dat. sg. ‰t sÓestan (_in the end, at last_), 3014.

sÓ, adv. compar., _later_: Êr and sÓ (_sooner and later, early and late_), 2501.

sÓ (G. sin˛-s), st. m.: l) _road, way, journey, expedition_; esp., _road to battle_: nom. sg., 501, 3059, 3090; n‰s ˛‰t Íe sÓ (_that was no easy road, task_), 2587; so, ˛‰t w‰s geÛcor sÓ, 766; acc. sg. sÓ, 353, 512, 909, 1279, 1430, 1967; instr. dat. sÓe, 532, 1952, 1994; gen. sg. sÓes, 579, 1476, 1795, 1909. Also, _return_: nom. sg., 1972.–2) _undertaking, enterprise_; esp., _battle-work_: nom. sg. nis ˛‰t eÛwer sÓ, 2533; ne bi swylc earges sÓ (_such is no coward’s enterprise_), 2542; acc. sg. sÓ, 873. In pl.= _adventures_: nom. sÓas, 1987; acc. sÓas, 878; gen. sÓa, 318.–3) time (as iterative): nom. sg. n‰s ˛‰t forma sÓ (_that was not the first time_), 717, 1464; so, 1528, 2626; acc. sg. oftor micle ˛onne on Ênne sÓ, 1580; instr. sg. (forman, Ùre, ˛riddan) sÓe, 741, 1204, 2050, 2287, 2512, 2518, 2671, 2689, 3102.–Comp.: cear-, eft-, ellor-, gryre-, sÊ-, wil-, wrÊc-sÓ.

ge-sÓ, st. m., _comrade, follower_: gen. sg. ge-sÓes, 1298; nom. pl. ge-sÓas, 29; acc. pl. ge-sÓas, 2041, 2519; dat. pl. ge-sÓum, 1314, 1925, 2633; gen. pl. ge-sÓa, 1935.–Comp.: eald-, wil-gesÓ.

sÓ-f‰t, st. m., _way, journey_: acc. sg. ˛one sÓ-f‰t, 202; dat. sg. sÓ-fate, 2640.

sÓ-fram, -from, adj., _ready for the journey_: nom. pl. sÓ-frome, 1814.

sÓian, w. v., _to journey, march_: inf., 721, 809; pret. sg. sÓode, 2120.

for-sÓian, _iter fatale inire_ (Grein): pret. sg. h‰fde ˛‚ for-sÓod sunu Ecg-˛eÛwes under gynne grund _(would have found his death_, etc.), 1551.

sÓe, s˝. See wesan.

sÓgan, st. v., _to descend, sink, incline_: pret. pl. sigon ‰t-somne (_descended together_), 307; sigon ˛‚ tÙ slÊpe _(they sank to sleep_), 1252.

ge-sÓgan, _to sink, fall_: inf. ge-sÓgan ‰t s‰cce (_fall in battle_), 2660.

sÓn, poss. pron., _his_: acc. sg. m. sÓnne, 1961, 1985, 2284, 2790; dat. sg. sÓnum, 1508.

slÊp, st. m., _sleep_: nom. sg., 1743; dat. sg. tÙ slÊpe, 1252.

slÊpan, st. v., _to sleep_: pres. part. nom. sg. slÊpende, 2220; acc. sg. he gefÍng … slÊpendne rinc (_seized a sleeping warrior]_, 742; acc. pl. slÊpende fr‰t folces Denigea fÓftyne men _(devoured, sleeping, fifteen of the people of the Danes_), 1582.

sleac, adj., _slack, lazy_: nom. sg., 2188.

sleahan, sle·n: 1) _to strike, strike at_: a) intrans.: pres. subj. sg. ˛‰t he me onge·n sle· (_that he should strike at me_), 682; pret. sg. yrringa slÙh (_struck angrily_), 1566; so, slÙh hilde-bille, 2680. b) trans.: pret. sg. ˛‰t he ˛one nÓ-g‰st nioor hwÍne slÙh _(that he struck the dragon somewhat lower_, etc.), 2700.–2) w. acc.: _to slay, kill_: pret. sg. ˛‰s ˛e he Abel slÙg (_because he slew A._), 108; so, slÙg, 421, 2180; slÙh, 1582, 2356; pl. slÙgon, 2051; pret. part. ˛‚ w‰s Fin sl‰gen, 1153.

ge-sle·n, w. acc.: 1) _to fight a battle_: pret. sg. ge-slÙh ˛Ón f‰der fÊhe mÊste, 459.–2) _to gain by fighting_: syan hie ˛‚ mÊra ge-slÙgon, 2997.

of-sle·n, _to ofslay, kill_, w. acc.: pret. sg. of-slÙh, 574, 1666, 3061.

slÓe (G. slei˛-s), adj., _savage, fierce, dangerous_: acc. sg. ˛urh slÓne nÓ, 184; gen. pl. slÓra ge-slyhta, 2399.

slÓen, adj., _furious, savage, deadly_ nom. sg. sweord-bealo slÓen, 1148.

slÓtan, st. v., _to slit, tear to pieces_, w. acc.: pret. sg. sl‚t (slÊpendne rinc), 742.

slyht, st. m., _blow_: in comp. and-slyht.

ge-slyht, st. n. (collective), _battle, conflict_: gen. pl. slÓra ge-slyhta, 2399.

smi, st. m., _smith, armorer_: nom. sg. wÊpna smi, 1453; gen. sg. smies, 406.–Comp. wundor-smi.

be-smiian, w. v., _to surround with iron-work, bands_, etc.: pret. part. he (the hall Heorot) ˛‰s f‰ste w‰s innan and ˚tan Óren-bendum searo-˛oncum besmiod (i.e. the beams out of which the hall was built were held together skilfully, within and without, by iron clamps), 776.

snell, adj., _fresh, vigorous, lively; of martial temper_: nom. sg. se snella, 2972.

snellÓc, adj., the same: nom. sg., 691.

snotor, snottor, adj., _clever, wise, intelligent_: nom. sg. snotor, 190, 827, 909, 1385; in weak form, (se) snottra, 1314, 1476, 1787; snotra, 2157, 3121; nom. pl. snotere, 202, 416; snottre, 1592.–Comp. fore-snotor.

snotor-lÓce, adv., _intelligently, wisely_: compar. snotor-lÓcor, 1483.

sn˚de, adv., _hastily, quickly, soon_, 905, 1870, 1972, 2326, 2569, 2753.

be-snyian, w. v., _to rob, deprive of_: pret. sg. ˛‰tte Ongen˛iÛ ealdre be-snyede HÊcyn, 2925.

snyrian, w. v., _to hasten, hurry_: pret. pl. snyredon ‰t-somne (_hurried forward together_), 402.

snyttru, f., _intelligence, wisdom_: acc. sg. snyttru, 1727; dat. pl. mid mÙdes snyttrum, 1707; ˛e we ealle Êr ne meahton snyttrum be-syrwan (_a deed which all of us together could not accomplish before with all our wisdom_), 943. Adv., _wisely_, 873.

somne. See samne.

sorgian, w. v.: 1) _to be grieved, sorrow_: imper. sg. II. ne sorga! 1385.–2) _to care for, trouble one’s self about_: inf. nÙ ˛u ymb mÓnes ne ˛earft lÓces feorme leng sorgian (_thou needst not care longer about my life’s [body’s] sustenance_), 451.

sorh, st. f., _grief, pain, sorrow_: nom. sg., 1323; sorh is me tÙ secganne (_pains me to say_), 473; acc. sg. sorge, 119, 2464; dat. instr. sg. mid ˛Êre sorge, 2469; sorge (_in sorrow, grieved_), 1150; gen. sg. worna fela … sorge, 2005; dat. pl. sorgum, 2601; gen. pl. sorga, 149.–Comp.: hyge-, inwit-, ˛egn-sorh.

sorh-cearig, adj., _curis sollicitus, heart-broken_: nom. sg., 2456.

sorh-ful, adj., _sorrowful, troublesome, difficult_: nom. sg., 2120; acc. sg. sorh-fullne (sorh-fulne) sÓ, 512, 1279, 1430.

sorh-le·s, adj., _free from sorrow_ or _grief_: nom. sg., 1673.

sorh-leo, st. n., _dirge, song of sorrow_: acc. sg., 2461.

sorh-wylm, st. m., _wave of sorrow_ nom. pl. sorh-wylmas, 905.

sÙcn, st. f., _persecution, hostile pursuit_ or _attack_ (see sÍcan): dat, (instr.) ˛Êre sÙcne (by reason of Grendel’s persecution), 1778.

sÙ, st. n., _sooth, truth_:: acc. sg. sÙ, 532, 701, 1050, 1701, 2865; dat. sg. tÙ sÙe (_in truth_), 51, 591, 2326.

sÙ, adj., _true, genuine_: nom. sg, ˛‰t is sÙ metod, 1612; acc. sg. n. gyd ‚wr‰c sÙ and s‚r-lÓc, 2110.

sÙe, adv., _truly, correctly, accurately_, 524; sÙe gebunden (of alliterative verse: _accurately put together_), 872.

sÙ-cyning, st. m., _true king_: nom. sg. sigora sÙ-cyning (_God_), 3056.

sÙ-f‰st, adj., _soothfast, established in truth, orthodox_ (here used of the Christian martyrs): gen. pl. sÙ-f‰stra dÙm (_glory, realm, of the saints_), 2821.

sÙ-lÓce, adv., _in truth, truly, truthfully_, 141, 273, 2900.

sÙfte, adv., _gently, softly_: compar. ˛˝ sÍft (_the more easily_), 2750.–Comp. un-sÙfte.

sÙna, adv., _soon, immediately_, 121, 722, 744, 751, 1281, 1498, 1592, 1619, 1763, etc.

on-spannan, st. v., _to un-span, unloose_: pret. sg. his helm on-speÛn (_loosed his helm_), 2724.

spel, st. n., _narrative, speech_: acc. sg. spell, 2110; acc. pl. spel, 874; gen. pl. spella, 2899, 3030.–Comp. we·-spel.

spÍd, st. f.: 1) _luck, success_: in comp. here-, wÓg-spÍd.–2) _skill, facility_: acc. sg. on spÍd (_skilfully_), 874.

spÓwan, st. v., _to spit, spew_, w. instr.: inf. glÍdum spÓwan (_spit fire_), 2313

spor, st. n., _spur_: in comp. hand-spor.

spÙwan, st. v., _to speed well, help, avail_: pret. sg. him wiht ne speÛw (_availed him naught_), 2855; h˚ him ‰t Ête speÛw (_how he sped in the eating_), 3027.

sprÊc, st. f., _speech, language_: instr. sg. frÍcnan sprÊce (_through bold, challenging, discourse_), 1105.–Comp.: Êfen-, gylp-sprÊc.

sprecan, st. v., _to speak_: inf. ic sceal for sprecan gen ymbe Grendel _(I shall go on speaking about G._), 2070; w. acc. se ˛e wyle sÙ sprecan (_he who will speak the truth_), 2865; imper. tÙ Ge·tum sprec (sprÊc, MS.), 1172; pret. sg. III. spr‰c, 1169, 1699, 2511, 2725; word ‰fter spr‰c, 341; nÙ ymbe ˛‚ fÊhe spr‰c, 2619; II. hw‰t ˛u worn fela … ymb Brecan sprÊce (_how much thou hast spoken of Breca!_), 531; pl. hw‰t wit geÛ sprÊcon (_what we two spoke of before_), 1477; gomele ymb gÙdne on-geador sprÊcon, ˛‰t big … _(the graybeards spoke together about the valiant one, that they …_), 1596; sw‚ wit furum sprÊcon (_as we two spoke, engaged, before_), 1708; pret. part. ˛‚ w‰s … ˛ry-word sprecen, 644.

ge-sprecan, w. acc., _to speak_: pret. sg. ge-spr‰c, 676, 1399, 1467, 3095.

spreÛt, st. m., _pole; spear, pike_: in comp. eofor-spreÛt.

springan, st. v., _to jump, leap; flash_: pret. sg. hr‚ wÓde sprong _(the body bounded far_), 1589; sw‚t Êdrum sprong for under fexe (_the blood burst out in streams from under his hair_), 2967; pl. wÓde sprungon hilde-leÛman (_flashed afar_), 2583. Also figuratively: blÊd wÓde sprang (_his repute spread afar_), 18.

ge-springan, _to spring forth_: pret. sg. sw‚ ˛‰t blÙd ge-sprang (_as the blood burst forth_), 1668. Figuratively, _to arise, originate_: pret. sg. Sigemunde gesprong ‰fter de·-d‰ge dÙm un-lytel, 885.

on-springan, _to burst in two, spring asunder_: pret. pl. seonowe onsprungon, burston b‚nlocan 818.

standan, st. v.: 1) absolutely or with prep., _to stand_: pres. III. pl. eÛred-geatwe ˛e ge ˛Êr on standa (_the warlike accoutrements wherein ye there stand_), 2867; inf. ge-seah … orcas stondan (_saw vessels standing_), 2761; pret. sg. ‰t h˝e stÙd hringed-stefna (_in the harbor stood the curved-prowed?, metal-covered?, ship_), 32; stÙd on stapole (_stood near the [middle] column_), 927; so, 1914, 2546; ˛‰t him on aldre stÙd here-strÊl hearda (_that the sharp war-arrow stood in his vitals_), 1435; so, 2680; pl. g‚ras stÙdon … samod ‰t-g‰dere (_the spears stood together_), 328; him big stÙdan bunan and orcas (_by him stood cans and pots_), 3048. Also of still water: pres. sg. III. nis ˛‰t feor heonon … ˛‰t se mere stande, 1363.–2) with predicate adj., _to stand, continue in a certain state_: subj. pres. ˛‰t ˛es sele stande … rinca ge-hwylcum Ódel and unnyt (_that this hall stands empty and useless for every warrior_), 411; inf. hord-wynne fand eald uht-sceaa opene standan, 2272; pret. sg. Ù ˛‰t Ódel stÙd h˚sa sÍlest, 145; so, 936; w‰ter under stÙd dreÛrig and ge-drÍfed, 1418–3) _to belong_ or _attach to; issue_: pret. sg. Nor-Denum stÙd atelÓc egesa (_great terror clung to, overcame, the North Danes_), 784; ˛‚ra ‚num stÙd sadol searwum f‚h (_on one of the steeds lay an ingeniously-inlaid saddle_), 1038; byrne-leÛma eldum on andan (_burning light stood forth, a horror to men_), 2314; leÛht inne stÙd (_a light stood in it_, i.e. the sword), 1571; him of e·gum stÙd … leÛht unf‰ger (_an uncanny light issued from his eyes_), 727; so, ˛‰t [fram] ˛am gyste [gryre-] brÙga stÙd, 2229.

‚-standan, _to stand up, arise_: pret. sg. ‚-stÙd, 760, 1557, 2093.

‰t-standan, _to stand at, near_, or _in_: pret. sg. ˛‰t hit (i.e. ˛‰t swurd) on wealle ‰t-stÙd, 892.

for-standan, _to stand against_ or _before_, hence: 1) _to hinder, prevent_: pret. sg. (breÛst-net) wi ord and wi ecge in-gang for-stÙd (_the shirt of mail prevented point or edge from entering_), 1550; subj. nefne him witig god wyrd for-stÙde (_if the wise God had not warded off such a fate from them_, i.e. the men threatened by Grendel), 1057.–2) _defend_, w. dat. of person against whom: inf. ˛‰t he … mihte he·o-lÓendum hord for-standan, bearn and br˝de (_that he might protect his treasure, his children, and his spouse from the sea-farers_), 2956.

ge-standan, intrans., _to stand_: pret. sg. ge-stÙd, 358, 404, 2567; pl. nealles him on he·pe hand-gesteallan … ymbe gestÙdon (_not at all did his boon-companions stand serried around him_), 2597.

stapa, w. m., _stepper, strider_: in comp. hÊ-, mearc-stapa.

stapan, st. v., _to step, stride, go forward_: pret. sg. eorl furur stÙp, 762; gum-fÍa stop lind-h‰bbendra (_the troop of shield-warriors strode on_), 1402.

‰t-stapan, _to stride up_ or _to_: pret. sg. for ne·r ‰t-stÙp (_strode up nearer_), 746.

ge-stapan, _to walk, stride_: pret. sg. he to for gestÙp dyrnan cr‰fte, dracan he·fde ne·h (_he_, i.e. the man that robbed the dragon of the vessel, _had through hidden craft come too near the dragon’s head_), 2290.

stapol, st. m., (=[Greek: b·sis]), _trunk of a tree_; hence, _support, pillar, column_: dat. sg. stÙd on stapole (_stood by_ or _near the wooden middle column of Heorot_), 927; instr. pl. ˛‚ st‚n-bogan stapulum f‰ste (_the arches of stone upheld by pillars_), 2719. See Note.

starian, w. v., _to stare, look intently at_: pres. sg. I. ˛‰t ic on ˛one hafelan … e·gum starige (_that I see the head with my eyes_), 1782; ˛‚ra fr‰twa … ˛e ic her on starie (_for the treasures … that I here look upon_), 2797; III. ˛onne he on ˛‰t sine stara, 1486; sg. for pl. ˛‚ra ˛e on swylc stara, 997; pret. sg. ˛‰t (sin-fre·) hire an d‰ges e·gum starede, 1936; pl. on mere staredon, 1604.

st‚n, st. m., 1) _stone_: in comp. eorclan-st‚n.–2) _rock_: acc. sg. under (ofer) h‚rne st‚n, 888, 1416, 2554, 2745; dat. sg. st‚ne, 2289, 2558.

st‚n-beorh, st. m., _rocky elevation, stony mountain_: acc. sg. st‚n-beorh ste·pne, 2214.

st‚n-boga, w. m., _stone arch, arch hewn out of the rock_: dat. sg. st‚n-bogan, 2546; nom. pl. st‚n-bogan, 2719.

st‚n-clif, st. n., _rocky cliff_: acc. pl. st‚n-cleofu, 2541.

st‚n-f‚h, adj., _stone-laid, paved with stones of different colors_: nom. sg. strÊt w‰s st‚n-f‚h (_the street was of different colored stones_), 320.

st‚n-hli, st. n., _rocky slope_: acc. pl. st‚n-hlio, 1410.

st‰f, st. m.: 1) _staff_: in comp. r˚n-staf.–2) _elementum_: in comp. ‚r-, ende-, f‚cen-st‰f.

st‰l, st. m., _place, stead_: dat. sg. ˛‰t ˛u me ‚ wÊre for-gewitenum on f‰der st‰le (_that thou, if I died, wouldst represent a father’s place to me_), 1480.

stÊlan, w. v., _to place; allure_ or _instigate_: inf. ˛‚ ic on morgne ge-fr‰gn mÊg Ùerne billes ecgum on bonan stÊlan _(then I learned that on the morrow one brother instigated the other to murder with the sword’s edge_; or, _one avenged the other on the murderer_?, cf. 2962 seqq.), 2486.

ge-stÊlan, _to place, impose, institute_: pret. part. ge feor hafa fÊhe ge-stÊled (_Grendel’s mother has further begun hostilities against us_), 1341.

stede, st. m., _place, -stead_: in comp. bÊl-, burh-, folc-, he·h-, meel-, wang-, wÓc-stede.

stefn, st. f., _voice_: nom. sg., 2553; instr. sg. niwan (niÛwan) stefne (properly nov‚ voce) = denuo, _anew, again_, 2595, 1790.

stefn, st. m., _prow of a ship_: acc. sg., 213; see bunden-, hringed-, wunden-stefna.

on-stellan, w. v., _constituere, to cause, bring about_: pret. sg. se ˛‰s or-leges Ùr on-stealde, 2408.

steng, st. m., _pole, pike_: in comp w‰l-steng.

ge-steppan, w. v., _to stride, go_: pret. sg. folce ge-stepte ofer sÊ sÓde sunu ‘htheres (_O.’s son_, i.e. E·dgils, _went with warriors over the broad sea_), 2394.

stede (O.H.G. st‚ti, M.H.G. stÊte), adj., _firm, steady_: nom. sg. w‰s stÍde n‰gla ge-hwylc st˝le ge-lÓcost (_each nail-place was firm as steel_), 986.

stÍpan, w. v. w. acc., _to exalt, honor_: pret. sg. ˛e·h ˛e hine mihtig god … eafeum stÍpte, 1718.

ge-steald, st. n., _possessions, property_: in comp. in-gesteald, 1156.

ge-stealla, w. m., (contubernalis), _companion, comrade_: in comp. eaxl-, fyrd-, hand-, lind-, n˝d-ge-stealla.

stearc-heort, adj., (fortis animo), _stout-hearted, courageous_: nom. sg. (of the dragon), 2289; (of BeÛwulf), 2553.

ste·p, adj., _steep, projecting, towering_: acc. sg. ste·pne hrÙf, 927; st‚n-beorh ste·pne, 2214; wi ste·pne rond, 2567; acc. pl. m. beorgas ste·pe, 222; neut. ste·p st‚n-hlio, 1410.–Comp. heao-ste·p.

stille, adj., _still, quiet_: nom. sg. wÓd-floga wundum stille, 2831.

stille, adv., _quietly_, 301.

stincan, st. v., _to smell; snuff_: pret. sg. stonc ˛‚ ‰fter st‚ne (_snuffed along the stone_), 2289.

stÓ, adj., _hard, stiff_: nom. sg. wunden-mÊl (swurd) … stÓ and st˝lecg, 1534.

stÓ-mÙd, adj., _stout-hearted, unflinching_: nom. sg., 2567.

stÓg, st. m., _way, path_: nom. sg., 320, 2214; acc. pl. stÓge nearwe, 1410–Comp. medu-stÓg.

stÓgan, st. v., _to go, ascend_: pret. sg. ˛‚ he tÙ holme [st]‚g (_when he plunged forward into the sea_), 2363; pl. beornas … on stefn stigon, 212; Wedera leÛde on wang stigon, 225; subj. pret. Êr he on bed stige, 677.

‚-stÓgan, _to ascend_: pres. sg. ˛onon ˝-geblond up ‚-stÓge won tÙ wolcnum, 1374; g˚-rinc ‚-st‚h (_the fierce hero ascended_, i.e. was laid on the pyre? or, _the fierce smoke_ [rÍc] _ascended?_), 1119; gamen eft ‚-st‚h (_joy again went up, resounded_), 1161; wudu-rÍc ‚-st‚h sweart of swioole, 3145; swÍg up ‚-st‚g, 783.

ge-stÓgan, _to ascend, go up_: pret. sg. ˛‚ ic on holm ge-st‚h, 633.

storm, st. m., _storm_: nom. sg. strÊla storm (_storm of missiles_), 3118; instr. sg. holm storme weÛl (_the sea billowed stormily_), 1132.

stÙl, st. m., _chair, throne, seat_: in comp. brego-, Íel-, gif-, gum-stÙl.

stÙw, st. f., _place, -stow_: nom. sg. nis ˛‰t heÛru stÙw (_a haunted spot_), 1373; acc. sg. frÍcne stÙwe, 1379; grund-b˚endra gearwe stÙwe _(the place prepared for men_, i.e. death-bed; see gesacan and ge-n˝dan), 1007: comp. w‰l-stow.

strang, strong, adj., _strong; valiant; mighty_: nom. sg. w‰s ˛‰t ge-win tÙ strang (_that sorrow was too great_), 133; ˛u eart m‰genes strang (_strong of body_), 1845; w‰s siÛ hond tÙ strong (_the hand was too powerful_), 2685; superl. wÓgena strengest (_strongest of warriors_), 1544; m‰genes strengest (_strongest in might_), 196; m‰gene strengest, 790.

str‚dan? (cf. strÊde = passus, gressus), _to tread_, (be)-_stride, stride over_ (Grein): subj. pres. se ˛one wong str‚de, 3074. See Note.

strÊl, st. m., _arrow, missile_: instr. sg. biteran strÊle, 1747; gen. pl. strÊla storm, 3118.

strÊt, st. f., _street, highway_: nom. sg., 320; acc. sg. strÊte, 1635; fealwe strÊte, 917.–Comp.: lagu-, mere-strÊt.

strengel, st. m., (_endowed with strength_), _ruler, chief_: acc. sg. wÓgena strengel, 3116.

strengo, st. f., _strength, power, violence_: acc. sg. m‰genes strenge, 1271; dat. sg. strenge, 1534; strengo, 2541;–dat. pl. strengum = _violently, powerfully_ [_loosed from the strings_?], 3118: in comp. hilde-, m‰gen-, mere-strengo.

strÍgan (O.S. strÙwian), w. v., _to strew, spread_: pret. part, w‰s ˛‰m yldestan … mororbed strÍd (_the death-bed was spread for the eldest one_), 2437.

stre·m, st. m., _stream, flood, sea_: acc. sg. stre·m, 2546; nom. pl. stre·mas, 212; acc. pl. stre·mas, 1262: comp. brim-, e·gor-, firgen-, lagu-stre·m.

ge-streÛn (cf. streÛn = robur, vis), st. n., _property, possessions_; hence, _valuables, treasure, jewels_: nom. pl. Heao-beardna ge-streÛn (_the costly treasure of the Heathobeardas_, i.e. the accoutrements belonging to the slain H.), 2038; acc. pl. ‰elinga, eorla ge-streÛn, 1921, 3168.–Comp.: Êr-, eald-, eorl-, he·h-, hord-, long-, m‚m-, sinc-, ˛eÛd-ge-streÛn.

str˚dan, st. v., _to plunder, carry off_: subj. pres. n‰s ˛‚ on hlytme hw‚ ˛‰t hord strude, 3127.

ge-str˝nan, w. v. w. acc., _to acquire, gain_: inf. ˛‰s ˛e (_because_) ic mÙste mÓnum leÛdum … swylc ge-str˝nan, 2799.

stund, st. f., _time, space of time, while_: adv. dat. pl. stundum (_at times_), 1424.

styrian, w. v. w. acc.: 1) _to arrange, put in order, tell_: inf. secg eft on-gan sÓ BeÛwulfes snyttrum styrian (_the poet then began to tell B.’s feat skilfully_, i.e. put in poetic form), 873.–2) _to rouse, stir up_: pres. sg. III. ˛onne wind styre l‚ ge-widru (_when the wind stirreth up the loathly weather_), 1375.–3) _to move against, attack, disturb_: subj. pres. ˛‰t he … hring-sele hondum styrede (_that he should attack the ring-hall with his hands_), 2841.

styrman, w. v., _to rage, cry out_: pret. sg. styrmde, 2553.

st˝le, st. n., _steel_: dat. sg. st˝le, 986.

st˝l-ecg, adj., _steel-edged_: nom. sg., 1534.

be-st˝man, w. v., _to inundate, wet, flood_: pret. part. (wÊron) eal benc-˛elu blÙde be-st˝med, 486.

suhtor-ge-f‰deran (collective), w. m. pl., _uncle and nephew, father’s brother and brother’s son_: nom. pl., 1165.

sum, pron.: 1) indef., _one, a, any, a certain_; neut. _something_: a) without part. gen.: nom. sg. sum, 1252; hilde-rinc sum, 3125; neut. ne sceal ˛Êr dyrne sum wesan (_naught there shall be hidden_), 271; acc. sg. m. sumne, 1433; instr. sg. sume worde (_by a word, expressly_), 2157; nom. pl. sume, 400, 1114; acc. pl. sume, 2941. b) with part. gen.: nom. sg. gumena sum (_one of men, a man_), 1500, 2302; mere-hr‰gla sum, 1906; ˛‰t w‰s wundra sum, 1608; acc. sg. gylp-worda sum, 676. c) with gen. of cardinals or notions of multitude: nom. sg. fÓftena sum (_one of fifteen, with fourteen companions_), 207; so, eahta sum, 3124; fe·ra sum (_one of few, with a few_), 1413; acc. sg. manigra sumne (_one of many, with many_), 2092; manna cynnes sumne (_one of the men_), i.e. one of the watchmen in Heorot), 714; fe·ra sumne (_some few, one of few_; or, _one of the foes_?), 3062.–2) with part. gen. sum sometimes = _this, that, the afore-mentioned_: nom. sg. eÛwer sum (_a certain one, that one, of you_, i.e. BeÛwulf), 248; g˚-beorna sum (_the afore-mentioned warrior_, i.e. who had shown the way to HrÙg‚r’s palace), 314; eorla sum (_the said knight_, i.e. BeÛwulf), 1313; acc. sg. hord-‰rna sum (_a certain hoard-hall_), 2280.

sund, st. m.: 1) _swimming_: acc. sg. ymb sund, 507; dat. sg. ‰t sunde (_in swimming_), 517; on sunde (_a-swimming_), 1619; gen. sg. sundes, 1437.–2) _sea, ocean, sound_: nom. sg., 223; acc. sg. sund, 213, 512, 539, 1427, 1445.

ge-sund, adj., _sound, healthy, unimpaired_: acc. sg. m. ge-sundne, 1629, 1999; nom. pl. ge-sunde, 2076; acc. pl. w. gen. f‰der alwalda … eÛwic ge-healde sÓa ge-sunde (_the almighty Father keep you safe and sound on your journey!_), 318.–Comp. an-sund.

sund-ge-bland, st. n., (_the commingled sea_), _sea-surge, sea-wave_: acc. sg., 1451.

sund-nyt, st. f., _swimming-power_ or _employment, swimming_: acc. sg. sund-nytte dre·h (_swam through the sea_), 2361.

sundur, sundor, adv., _asunder, in twain_: sundur gedÊlan (_to separate, sunder_), 2423.

sundor-nyt, st. f., _special service_ (service in a special case): acc. sg. sundor-nytte, 668.

sund-wudu, st. m., (_sea-wood_), _ship_: nom. acc. sg. sund-wudu, 208, 1907.

sunne, w. f., _sun_: nom. sg., 607; gen. sg. sunnan, 94, 649.

sunu, st. m., _son_: nom. sg., 524, 591, 646, 981, 1090, 1486, etc.; acc. sg. sunu, 268, 948, 1116, 1176, 1809, 2014, 2120; dat. sg. suna, 344, 1227, 2026, 2161, 2730; gen. sg. suna, 2456, 2613, (1279); nom. pl. suna, 2381.

s˚, adv., _south, southward_, 859.

s˚an, adv., _from the south_, 607; sigel s˚an f˚s (_the sun inclined from the south_), 1967.

swarian, w. v., _to sink to rest, grow calm_: brimu swaredon (_the waves became calm_), 570. See swerian.

swau, st. f., _trace, track, pathway_: acc. sg. swae, 2099.–Comp.: sw‚t-, wald-swau.

swaul, st. m.? n.?, _smoke, mist_ (Dietrich in Haupt V. 215): dat. sg. on swaule, 783. See sweool.

swancor, adj., _slender, trim_: acc. pl. ˛riÛ wicg swancor, 2176.

swan-r‚d, st. f., _swan-road, sea_: acc. sg. ofer swan-r‚de, 200.

and-swarian, w. v., _to answer_: pret. sg. him se yldesta and-swarode, 258; so, 340.

sw‚: 1) demons, adv., _so, in such a manner, thus_: sw‚ sceal man dÙn, 1173, 1535; sw‚ ˛‚ driht-guman dre·mum lifdon, 99; ˛‰t ge-‰fndon sw‚ (_that we thus accomplished_), 538; ˛Êr hie meahton (i.e. feorh ealgian), 798; so, 20, 144, 189, 559, 763, 1104, 1472, 1770, 2058, 2145, 2178, 2991; sw‚ manlÓce _(so like a man_), 1047; sw‚ fela (_so many_), 164, 592; sw‚ deÛrlÓce dÊd (_so valiant a deed_), 585; hine sw‚ gÙdne (_him so good_), 347; on sw‚ geongum feore (_in so youthful age_), 1844; ge-dÍ him sw‚ ge-wealdene worolde dÊlas ˛‰t … (_makes parts of the world so subject to him that_…), 1733. In comparisons = _ever, the_ (adv.): me ˛Ón mÙd-sefa lÓca leng sw‚ wel (_thy mind pleases me ever so well, the longer the better_), 1855. As an asseverative = _so_: sw‚ me Higel‚c sÓe … mÙdes blÓe (_so be Higelac gracious-minded to me!_), 435; sw‚ ˛e·h (_nevertheless, however_), 973, 1930, 2879; sw‚ ˛Íh, 2968; hw‰re sw‚ ˛e·h (_yet however_), 2443.–2): a) conj., _as, so as_: Ù ˛‰t his byre mihte eorlscipe efnan sw‚ his Êrf‰der (_until his son might do noble deeds, as his old father did_), 2623; eft sw‚ Êr (_again as before_), 643;–with indic.: sw‚ he selfa b‰d (_as he himself requested_), 29; sw‚ he oft dyde (_as he often did_), 444; gÊ ‚ Wyrd sw‚ hiÛ sceal, 455; sw‚ guman gefrungon, 667; so, 273, 352, 401, 561, 1049, 1056, 1059, 1135, 1232, 1235, 1239, 1253, 1382, etc.;–with subj.: sw‚ ˛Ón sefa hwette _(as pleases thy mind_, i.e. any way thou pleasest), 490. b) _as, as then, how_, 1143; sw‚ hie ‚ wÊron … n˝d-gesteallan (_as they were ever comrades in need_), 882; sw‚ hit diÛpe … be-nemdon ˛eÛdnas mÊre (_as, [how?] the mighty princes had deeply cursed it_), 3070; sw‚ he manna w‰s wÓgend weorfullost (_as he of men the worthiest warrior was_), 3099. c) _just as, the moment when_: sw‚ ˛‰t blÙd gesprang, 1668. d) _so that_: sw‚ he ne mihte nÙ (_so that he might not…_), 1509; so, 2185, 2007.–3) = qui, quae, quod, German so: worhte wlite-beorhtne wang sw‚ w‰ter beb˚ge (_wrought the beauteous plain which_ (acc.) _water surrounds_), 93.–4) sw‚ … sw‚ = _so … as_, 595, 687-8, 3170; efne sw‚ … sw‚ (_even so … as_), 1093-4, 1224, 1284; efne sw‚ hwylc m‰ga sw‚ (_such a woman as, whatsoever woman_), 944; efne sw‚ hwylcum manna sw‚ (_even so to each man as_), 3058.

for-sw‚fan, st. v., _to carry away, sweep off_: pret. sg. ealle Wyrd for-sweÛf mÓne m‚gas tÙ metod-sceafte, 2815.

for-sw‚pan, st. v., _to sweep off, force_: pret. sg. hie Wyrd forsweÛp on Grendles gryre, 477.

sw‚t, st. m., (_sweat_), _wound-blood_: nom. sg., 2694, 2967; instr. sg. sw‚te, 1287.–Comp. heao-, hilde-sw‚t.

sw‚t-f‚h, adj., _blood-stained_: nom. sg., 1112.

sw‚tig, adj., _gory_: nom. sg., 1570.

sw‚t-swau, st. f., _blood-trace_: nom. sg., 2947.

be-swÊlan, w. v., _to scorch_: pret. part. w‰s se lÍg-draca … glÍdum beswÊled, 3042.

swÊs, adj., _intimate, special, dear_: acc. sg. swÊsne Íel, 520; nom. pl. swÊse ge-sÓas, 29; acc. pl. leÛde swÊse, 1869; swÊse ge-sÓas, 2041; gen. pl. swÊsra ge-sÓa, 1935.

swÊs-lÓce, adv., _pleasantly, in a friendly manner_, 3090.

swebban, w. v., (_to put to sleep_), _to kill_: inf. ic hine sweorde swebban nelle, 680; pres. sg. III. (absolutely) swefe, 601.

‚-swebban, _to kill, slay_: pret. part. nom. pl. sweordum ‚-swefede, 567.

swerian, w. v., _to lessen, diminish_: inf. ˛‰t ˛‰t fyr ongan swerian, 2703; pret. sian HeremÙdes hild swerode, 902.

swefan, st. v.: 1) _to sleep_: pres. sg. III. swefe, 1742; inf. swefan, 119, 730, 1673; pret. sg. sw‰f, 1801; pl. swÊfon, 704; swÊfun, 1281.–2) _to sleep the death-sleep, die_: pres. sg. III. swefe, 1009, 2061, 2747; pl. swefa, 2257, 2458.

swegel, st. n., _ether, clear sky_: dat. sg. under swegle, 1079, 1198; gen. sg. under swegles begong, 861, 1774.

swegle, adj., _bright, etherlike, clear_: acc. pl. swegle searo-gimmas, 2750.

swegel-wered, _quasi_ pret. part., _ether-clad_: nom. sg. sunne swegl-wered, 607.

swelgan, st. v., _to swallow_: pret. sg. w. instr. syn-snÊdum swealh (_swallowed in great bites_), 744; object omitted, subj. pres. nyme lÓges f‰m swulge on swaule, 783.

for-swelgan, w. acc., _to swallow, consume_: pret. sg. for-swealg, 1123, 2081.

swellan, st. v., _to swell_: inf. ˛‚ siÛ wund on-gan … swÍlan and swellan, 2714.

sweltan, st. v., _to die, perish_: pret. sg. swealt, 1618, 2475; draca morre swealt (_died a violent death_), 893, 2783; wundor-de·e swealt, 3038; hioro-dryncum swealt, 2359.

swencan, w. v., _to swink, oppress, strike_: pret. sg. hine wundra ˛‰s fela swencte (MS. swecte) on sunde, 1511.

ge-swencan, _to oppress, strike, injure_: pret. sg. syan hine HÊcyn … fl‚ne geswencte, 2439; pret. part. synnum ge-swenced, 976; hÊstapa hundum ge-swenced, 1369.–Comp. lyft-ge-swenced.

sweng, st. m., _blow, stroke_: dat. sg. swenge, 1521, 2967; swenge _(with its stroke_), 2687; instr. pl. sweordes swengum, 2387.–Comp.: feorh-, hete-, heao-, heoro-sweng.

swerian, st. v., _to swear_: pret. w. acc. I. ne me swÙr fela ‚a on unriht (_swore no false oaths_), 2739; he me ‚as swÙr, 472.

for-swerian, w. instr., _to forswear, renounce (protect with magic formulÊ?)_: pret. part. he sige-wÊpnum for-sworen h‰fde, 805.

swÍg, st. m., _sound, noise, uproar_: nom. sg. swÍg, 783; hearpan swÍg, 89, 2459, 3024; sige-folca swÍg, 645; sang and swÍg, 1064; dat. sg. swÍge, 1215.–Comp.: benc-, morgen-swÍg.

swÍlan, w. v., _to burn_ (here of wounds): inf. swÍlan, 2714. See swÊlan.

sweart, adj., _swart, black, dark_: nom. sg. wudu-rÍc sweart, 3146; dat. pl. sweartum nihtum, 167.

sweool (cf. O.H.G. suedan, suethan = cremare; M.H.G. swadem = vapor; and Dietrich in Haupt V., 215), st. m.? n.?, _vapor, smoke, smoking flame_: dat. sg. ofer swioole (MS. swic ole), 3146. See swaul.

sweofot, st. m., _sleep_: dat. sg. on sweofote, 1582, 2296.

sweolo, st. m., _heat, fire, flame_: dat. sg. sweoloe, 1116. Cf. O.H.G. suilizo, suilizunga = ardor, cauma.

sweorcan, st. v., _to trouble, darken_. pres. sg. III. ne him inwit-sorh on sefan sweorce (_darkens his soul_), 1738.

for-sweorcan, _to grow dark_ or _dim_: pres. sg. III. e·gena bearhtm for-site and for-sworce, 1768.

ge-sweorcan (intrans.), _to darken_: pret. sg. niht-helm ge-swearc, 1790.

sweord, swurd, swyrd, st. n., _sword_: nom. sg. sweord, 1287, 1290, 1570, 1606, 1616, 1697; swurd, 891; acc. sg. sweord, 437, 673, 1559, 1664, 1809, 2253, 2500, etc.; swurd, 539, 1902; swyrd, 2611, 2988; instr. sg. sweorde, 561, 574, 680, 2493, 2881; gen. sg. sweordes, 1107, 2194, 2387; acc. pl. sweord, 2639; nom. pl., 3049; instr. pl. sweordum, 567, 586, 885; gen. pl. sweorda, 1041, 2937, 2962.–Comp.: g˚-, m‚um-, wÊg-sweord.

sweord, st. f., _oath_: in comp. ‚-sweord _(sword-oath_?), 2065.

sweord-bealo, st. n., _sword-bale, death by the sword_: nom. sg., 1148.

sweord-freca, w. m., _sword-warrior_: dat. sg. sweord-frecan, 1469.

sweord-gifu, st. f., _sword-gift, giving of swords_: nom. sg. swyrd-gifu, 2885.

sweotol, swutol, adj.: 1) _clear, bright_: nom. sg. swutol sang scÙpes, 90.–2) _plain, manifest_: nom. sg. syndolh sweotol, 818; t‚cen sweotol, 834; instr. sg. sweotolan t‚cne, 141.

sweÛf, sweÛp. See sw‚fan, sw‚pan.

swi, st. n.? (O.N. swii), _burning pain_: in comp. ˛ry-swi(?).

swift, adj., _swift_: nom. sg. se swifta mearh, 2265.

swimman, swymman, st. v., _to swim_: inf. swymman, 1625.

ofer-swimman, w. acc., _to swim over_ or _through_: pret. sg. ofer-swam siolea bigong (_swam over the sea_), 2368.

swincan, st. v., _to struggle, labor, contend_: pret. pl. git on w‰teres Êht seofon niht swuncon, 517.

ge-swing, st. n., _surge, eddy_: nom. sg. atol ˝a geswing, 849.

swingan, st. v., _to swing one’s self, fly_: pres. sg. III. ne gÙd hafoc geond s‰l swinge, 2265.

swÓcan, st. v.: 1) _to deceive, leave in the lurch, abandon_: pret. sg. nÊfre hit (_the sword_) ‰t hilde ne sw‚c manna Êngum, 1461.–2) _to escape_: subj. pret. b˚tan his lÓc swice, 967.

ge-swÓcan, _to deceive, leave in the lurch_: pret. sg. g˚-bill ge-sw‚c nacod ‰t nÓe, 2585, 2682; w. dat. seÛ ecg ge-sw‚c ˛eÛdne ‰t ˛earfe (_the sword failed the prince in need_), 1525.

swÓ, sw˝ (Goth, swin˛-s), adj., _strong, mighty_: nom. sg. w‰s ˛‰t ge-win tÙ sw˝, 191.–Comp. nom. sg. siÛ swÓre hand (_the right hand_), 2099; _harsh_, 3086.

swÓe, adv., _strongly, very, much_, 598, 998, 1093, 1744, 1927; sw˝e, 2171, 2188. Compar. swÓor, _more, rather, more strongly_, 961, 1140, 1875, 2199–Comp. un-swÓe.

ofer-swÓian, w. v., _to overcome, vanquish_, w. acc. of person: pres. sg. III. ofersw˝e, 279, 1769.

swÓ-ferh, adj., (_fortis animo_), _strong-minded, bold, brave_: nom. sg. sw˝-ferh, 827; gen. sg. swÓ-ferhes, 909; nom. pl. swÓ-ferhe, 493; dat. pl. swÓ-ferhum, 173.

swÓ-hycgend, pres. part. (_strenue cogitans_), _bold-minded, brave in spirit_: nom. sg. swÓ-hycgende, 920; nom. pl. swÓ-hycgende, 1017.

swÓ-mÙd, adj., _strong-minded_: nom. sg., 1625.

on-swÓfan, st. v. w. acc., _to swing, turn, at_ or _against, elevate_: pret. sg. biorn (BeÛwulf) bord-rand on-sw‚f wi ˛am gryre-gieste, 2560.

swÓgian, w. v., _to be silent, keep silent_: pret. sg. lyt swÓgode niwra spella (_kept little of the new tidings silent_), 2898; pl. swÓgedon ealle, 1700.

swÓgor, adj., _silent, taciturn_: nom, sg. weak, ˛‚ w‰s swÓgra secg … on gylp-sprÊce g˚-ge-weorca, 981.

swÓn, sw˝n, st. n., _swine, boar_ (image on the helm): nom. sg. sw˝n, 1112; acc. sg. swÓn, 1287.

swÓn-lÓc, st. n., _swine-image_ or _body_: instr. pl. swÓn-lÓcum, 1454.

swÙgan, st. v., _to whistle, roar_: pres. part. swÙgende lÍg, 3146.

swutol. See sweotol.

swylc, swilc (Goth, swa-leik-s), demons, adj. = _talis, such, such a_; relative = _qualis, as, which_: nom. sg. swylc, 178, 1941, 2542, 2709; swylc … swylc=talis … qualis, 1329; acc. sg. swylc, 2799; eall … swylc (_all … which, as_), 72; Ùer swylc (_such another_, i.e. hand), 1584; on swylc (_on such things_), 997; dat. sg. g˚-fremmendra swylcum (_to such a battle-worker_, i.e. BeÛwulf), 299; gen. sg. swylces hw‰t (_some such_), 881; acc. pl. swylce, 2870; call swylce … swylce, 3166; swylce twegen (_two such_), 1348; ealle ˛earfe swylce (_all needs that_), 1798; swylce hie … findan meahton sigla searo-gimma (_such as they might find of jewels and cunning gems_), 1157; efne swylce mÊla swylce (_at just such times as_), 1250; gen. pl. swylcra searo-nÓa, 582; swylcra fela … Êr-gestreÛna, 2232.

swylce, adv., _as, as also, likewise, similarly_, 113, 293, 758, 831, 855, 908, 921, 1147, 1166, 1428, 1483, 2460, 2825; ge swylce (_and likewise_), 2259; swilce, 1153.

swylt, st. m., _death_: nom. sg., 1256, 1437.

swylt-d‰g, st. m., _death-day_: dat. sg. Êr swylt-d‰ge, 2799.

swynsian, w. v., _to sound_: pret. sg. hlyn swynsode, 612.

swyrd. See sweord.

sw˝l. See swÓ.

sw˝n. See swÓn.

syan (seian, Gen. 1525), w. v., _to punish, avenge_, w. acc.: inf. ˛onne hit sweordes ecg syan scolde (_then the edge of the sword should avenge it_), 1107.

syan. See sian.

syfan-wintre, adj., _seven-winters-old_: nom. sg., 2429.

syh. See seÛn.

syl (O.H.G. swella), st. f., _sill, bench-support_: dat. sg. fram sylle, 776.

sylfa. See selfa.

syllan. See sellan.

syllÓc. See sellÓc.

symbol, syml, st. n., _banquet, entertainment_: acc. sg. symbel, 620, 1011; geaf me sinc and symbel (_gave me treasure and feasting_, i.e. made me his friend and table-companion), 2432; ˛‰t hie … symbel ymbsÊton (_that they might sit round their banquet_), 564; dat. sg. symle, 81, 489, 1009; symble, 119, 2105; gen. pl. symbla, 1233.

symble, symle, adv., _continually, ever_: symble, 2451; symle, 2498; symle w‰s ˛˝ sÊmra (_he was ever the worse, the weaker_, i.e. the dragon), 2881.

symbel-wyn, st. f., _banqueting-pleasure, joy at feasting_: acc. sg. symbel-wynne dreÛh, 1783.

syn, st. f., _sin, crime_: nom. synn and sacu, 2473; dat. instr. pl. synnum, 976, 1256, 3072.

syn. See sin.

syn-bysig, adj., (culpa laborans), _persecuted on account of guilt?_ (Rieger), _guilt-haunted?_: nom. sg. secg syn-[by]sig, 2228.

ge-syngian, w. v., _to sin, commit a crime_: pret. part. ˛‰t w‰s feohle·s ge-feoht, fyrenum ge-syngad, 2442.

synnig, adj., _sin-laden, sinful_: acc. sg. m. sinnigne secg, 1380.–Comp.: fela-, un-synnig.

ge-synto, f., _health_: dat. pl. on gesyntum, 1870.

syrce. See serce.

syrwan, w. v. w. acc., _to entrap, catch unawares_: pret. sg. dugue and geogoe seomade and syrede, 161.

be-syrwan: 1) _to compass_ or _accomplish by finesse; effect_: inf. dÊd ˛e we ealle Êr ne meahton snyttrum be-syrwan (_a deed that all of us could not accomplish before with all our wisdom_), 943.–2) _to entrap by guile and destroy_: inf. mynte se m‚nscaa manna cynnes sumne be-syrwan (_the fell foe thought to entrap some one (all?_, see sum) _of the men_), 714.

s˝n, f., _seeing, sight, scene_: comp, an-s˝n.

ge-s˝ne, adj., _visible, to be seen_: nom. sg. 1256, 1404, 2948, 3059, 3160.–Comp.: Í-ge-s˝ne, ˝-ge-sÍne.

T

taligean, w. v.: 1) _to count, reckon, number; esteem, think_: pres. sg. I. nÙ ic me … hn‚gran g˚-geweorca ˛onne Grendel hine (_count myself no worse than G. in battle-works_), 678; wÍn ic talige …˛‰t (_I count on the hope … that_), 1846; telge, 2068; sg. III. ˛‰t rÊd tala ˛‰t (_counts it gain that_), 2028.–2) _to tell, relate_: sÙ ic talige (_I tell facts_), 532; sw‚ ˛u self talast (_as thou thyself sayst_), 595.

t‚cen, st. n., _token, sign, evidence_: nom. sg. t‚cen sweotol, 834; dat. instr. sg. sweotolan t‚cne, 141; tÓres tÙ t‚cne, 1655.–Comp. luf-t‚cen.

t‚n, st. m., _twig_: in comp. ‚ter-t‚n. [emended to ‚ter-te·rum in text–KTH]

ge-tÊcan, w. v., _to show, point out_: pret. sg. him ˛‚ hilde-deÛr hof mÙdigra torht ge-tÊhte (_the warrior pointed out to them the bright dwelling of the bold ones_, i.e. Danes), 313. Hence, _to indicate, assign_: pret. sÙna me se mÊra mago Healfdenes … wi his sylfes sunu setl getÊhte (_assigned me a seat by his own son_), 2014.

tÊle, adj., _blameworthy_: in comp. un-tÊle.

ge-tÊse, adj., _quiet, still_: nom. sg. gif him wÊre … niht ge-tÊse (_whether he had a pleasant, quiet, night_), 1321.

tela, adv., _fittingly, well_, 949, 1219, 1226, 1821, 2209, 2738.

telge. See talian.

tellan, w. v., _to tell, consider, deem_: pret. sg. ne his lÓf-dagas leÛda Ênigum nytte tealde (_nor did he count his life useful to any man_), 795; ˛‰t ic me Ênigne under swegles begong ge-sacan ne tealde (_I believed not that I had any foe under heaven_), 1774; cw‰ he ˛one g˚-wine gÙdne tealde (_said he counted the war-friend good_), 1811; he ˚sic g‚r-wÓgend gÙde tealde (_deemed us good spear-warriors_), 2642; pl. sw‚ (_so that_) hine Ge·ta beam gÙdne ne tealdon, 2185.–2) _to ascribe, count against, impose_: pret. sg. (firyo) him w‰lbende weotode tealde hand-gewriene, 1937.

ge-tenge, adj., _attached to, lying on_: w. dat. gold … grunde ge-tenge, 2759.

te·r, st. m., _tear_: nom. pl. te·ras, 1873.

teoh, st. f., _troop, band_: dat. sg. earmre teohhe, 2939.

(ge?)-teohhian, w. v., _to fix, determine, assign_: pret. sg. ic for l‰ssan le·n teohhode … hn‚hran rince, 952; pres. part. w‰s Ùer in Êr geteohhod (_assigned_)… mÊrum Ge·te, 1301.

teÛn, st. v., _to draw, lead_: inf. hÍht … eahta mearas … on flet teÛn (_bade eight horses be led into the hall_), 1037; pret. sg. me tÙ grunde te·h f‚h feÛnd-sceaa (_the many-hued fiend-foe drew me to the bottom_), 553; eft-sÓas te·h (_withdrew, returned_), 1333; sg. for pl. Êg-hwylcum …˛‚ra ˛e mid BeÛwulfe brim-l‚de te·h (_to each of those that crossed the sea with B._) 1052; pret. part. ˛‚ w‰s … heard ecg togen (_then was the hard edge drawn_), 1289; wear … on n‰s togen (_was drawn to the promontory_), 1440.

‚-teÛn, _to wander, go_, intrans.: pret. sg. tÙ Heorute ‚-te·h (_drew to Heorot_), 767.

ge-teÛn: 1) _to draw_: pret. sg. gomel swyrd ge-te·h, 2611; w. instr. and acc. hyre seaxe ge-te·h, brad br˚n-ecg, 1546.–2) _to grant, give, lend_: imp. nÙ ˛u him wearne geteÛh ˛Ónra gegn-cwida gl‰dnian (_refuse not to gladden them with thy answer_), 366; pret. sg. and ˛‚ BeÛwulfe bega gehw‰res eodor Ingwina onweald ge-te·h (_and the prince of the Ingwins gave B. power over both_), 1045; so, he him Íst gete·h (_gave possession of_), 2166.

of-teÛn, _to deprive, withdraw_, w. gen. of thing and dat. pers.: pret. sg. Scyld ScÍfing … monegum mÊgum meodo-setla of-te·h, 5; w. acc. of thing, hond … feorh-sweng ne of-te·h, 2490; w. dat. hond (hord, MS.) swenge ne of-te·h, 1521.

˛urh-teÛn, _to effect_: inf. gif he torn-gemÙt ˛urh-teÛn mihte, 1141.

teÛn (cf. teÛh, _materia_, O.H.G. ziuc), w. v. w. acc., _to make, work_: pret. sg. teÛde, 1453;–_to furnish out, deck_: pret. pl. nalas hi hine l‰ssan l‚cum teÛdan (_provided him with no less gifts_), 43.

ge-teÛn, _to provide, do, bring on_: pres. sg. unc sceal weoran … sw‚ unc Wyrd ge-teÛ, 2527; pret. sg. ˛e him … s‚re ge-teÛde (_who had done him this harm_), 2296.

ge-teÛna, w. m., _injurer, harmer_: in comp. l‚-ge-teÛna.

til, adj., _good, apt, fit_: nom. sg. m. H‚lga til, 61; ˛egn ungemete till (of WÓgl‚f), 2722; fem. w‰s seÛ ˛eÛd tilu, 1251; neut. ne w‰s ˛‰t ge-wrixle til, 1305.

tilian, w. v. w. gen., _to gain, win_: inf. gif ic … Ùwihte m‰g ˛Ónre mÙd-lufan m‚ran tilian (_if I … gain_), 1824.

timbrian, w. v., _to build_: pret. part. acc. sg. s‰l timbred (_the well-built hall_), 307.

be-timbrian, (construere), _to finish building, complete_: pret. pl. betimbredon on tyn dagum beadu-rÙfes bÍcn, 3161.

tÓd, st. f., _-tide, time_: acc. sg. twelf wintra tÓd, 147; lange tÓd, 1916; in ˛‚ tÓde, 2228.–Comp.: ‚n-, morgen-tÓd.

ge-tÓian (from tigian), w. v., _to grant_: pret. part. impers. w‰s … bÍne (gen.) ge-tÓad fe·sceaftum men, 2285.

tÓr, st. m., _glory, repute in war_. gen. sg. tÓres, 1655.

tÓr-e·dig, adj., _glorious, famous_: dat. sg. tÓr-e·digum menn (of BeÛwulf), 2190.

tÓr-f‰st, adj., _famous, rich in glory_. nom. sg. (of HrÙg‚r), 923.

tÓr-le·s, adj., _without glory, infamous_: gen. sg. (of Grendel), 844.

toga, w. m., _leader_: in comp. folc-toga.

torht, adj., _bright, brilliant_: acc. sg. neut. hof … torht, 313.–Comp.: wuldor-torht, heao-torht (_loud in battle_).

torn, st. n.: 1) _wrath, insult, distress_: acc. sg. torn, 147, 834; gen. pl. torna, 2190.–2) _anger_: instr. sg. torne ge-bolgen, 2402.–Comp. lÓge-torn.

torn, adj., _bitter, cruel_: nom. sg, hreÛwa tornost, 2130.

torn-ge-mÙt, st. n., (_wrathful meeting_), _angry engagement, battle_: acc. sg., 1141.

tÙ, I. prep. w. dat. indicating direction or tending to, hence: 1) local = whither after verbs of motion, _to, up to, at_: com tÙ recede (_to the hall_), 721; eode tÙ sele, 920; eode tÙ hire fre·n sittan, 642; gÊ eft … tÙ medo (_goeth again to mead_), 605; wand tÙ wolcnum (_wound to the welkin_), 1120; sigon tÙ slÊpe (_sank to sleep_), 1252; 28, 158, 234, 438, 553, 926, 1010, 1014, 1155, 1159, 1233, etc.; lÓ-wÊge b‰r hÊlum tÙ handa (_bore the ale-cup to the hands of the men? at hand?_), 1984; Ù ˛‰t niht becom Ùer tÙ yldum, 2118; him tÙ bearme cwom m‚um-f‰t mÊre (_came to his hands, into his possession_), 2405; sÊlde tÙ sande sÓd-f‰me scip (_fastened the broad-bosomed ship to the shore_), 1918; ˛at se harm-scaa tÙ Heorute ‚-te·h (_went forth to Heorot_), 767. After verb sittan: site nu tÙ symble (_sit now to the meal_), 489; sian … we tÙ symble geseten h‰fdon, 2105; tÙ ham (_home, at home_), 124, 374, 2993. With verbs of speaking: maelode tÙ his wine-drihtne (_spake to his friendly lord_), 360; tÙ Ge·tum sprec, 1172; so, hÍht ˛‰t heao-weorc tÙ hagan biÛdan (_bade the battle-work be told at the hedge_), 2893.–2) with verbs of bringing and taking (cf. under on, I., d): hrae w‰s tÙ b˚re BeÛwulf fetod (_B. was hastily brought from a room_), 1311; sian H‚ma ‰t-w‰g tÙ ˛Êre byrhtan byrig BrÙsinga mene (_since H. carried the Brosing-necklace off from the bright city_), 1200; we·n ‚hsode. fÊho to Frysum (_suffered woe, feud as to, from, the Frisians_), 1208.–3) =end of motion, hence: a) _to, for, as, in_: ˛one god sende folce tÙ frÙfre (_for, as, a help to the folk_), 14; gesette … sunnan and mÙnan leÛman to leÛhte (_as a light_), 95; ge-s‰t … tÙ rune (_sat in counsel_), 172; wear he Heao-l‚fe tÙ hand-bonan, 460; bringe … tÙ helpe (_bring to, for, help_), 1831; Jofore forgeaf ‚ngan dÙhtor … hyldo tÙ wedde (_as a pledge of his favor_), 2999; so, 508(?), 666, 907, 972, 1022, 1187, 1263, 1331, 1708, 1712, 2080, etc.; secgan tÙ sÙe (_to say in sooth_), 51; so, 591, 2326. b) with verbs of thinking, hoping, etc., _on, for, at, against_: he tÙ gyrn-wr‰ce swÓor ˛Ùhte ˛onne tÙ sÊ-l‚de (_thought more on vengeance than on the sea-voyage_), 1139; s‰cce ne wÍne tÙ G‚r-Denum (_nor weeneth of conflict with the Spear-Danes_), 602; ˛onne wÍne ic tÙ ˛e wyrsan ge˛inges (_then I expect for thee a worse result_), 525; ne ic to SweÛ˛eÛde sibbe oe treÛwe wihte ne wÍne (_nor expect at all of, from, the Swedes_ …), 2923; wiste ˛‰m ahlÊcan tÙ ˛‰m he·h-sele hilde ge-˛inged (_battle prepared for the monster in the high hall_), 648; wel bi ˛‰m ˛e mot tÙ f‰der f‰mum freoo wilnian (_well for him that can find peace in the Father’s arms_), 188; ˛‚ra ˛e he ge-worhte tÙ West-Denum (_of those that he wrought against the West-Danes_), 1579.–4) with the gerund, inf.: tÙ gefremmanne (_to do_), 174; tÙ ge-c˝anne (_to make known_), 257; tÙ secganne (_to say_), 473; to befleÛnne (_to avoid, escape_), 1004; so, 1420, 1725, 1732, 1806, 1852, 1923, 1942, etc. With inf.: tÙ fÍran, 316; tÙ friclan, 2557.–5) temporal: gew‚t him tÙ gesc‰p-hwÓle (_went at(?) the hour of fate_; or, _to his fated rest?_), 26; tÙ wÓdan feore (_ever, in their lives_), 934; ‚wa tÙ aldre (_for life, forever_), 956; so, tÙ aldre, 2006, 2499; tÙ life (_during life, ever_), 2433.–6) with particles: wÙd under wolcnum tÙ ˛‰s ˛e … (_went under the welkin to the point where_ …), 715; so, elne ge-eodon tÙ ˛‰s ˛e, 1968; so, 2411; he him ˛‰s le·n for-geald … tÙ ˛‰s ˛e he on reste geseah Grendel licgan (_he paid him for that to the point that he saw G. lying dead_), 1586; w‰s ˛‰t blÙd tÙ ˛‰s h‚t (_the blood was hot to that degree_), 1617; n‰s ˛‚ long tÙ ˛on ˛‰t (_’twas not long till_), 2592, 2846; w‰s him se man tÙ ˛on leÛf ˛‰t (_the man was dear to him to that degree_), 1877; tÙ hwan sian wear hond-rÊs h‰lea (_up to what point, how, the hand-contest turned out_), 2072; tÙ middes (_in the midst_), 3142.

II. Adverbial modifier, _quasi_ preposition [better explained in many cases as prep. postponed]: l) _to, towards, up to, at_: geÛng sÙna tÙ, 1786; so, 2649; fÍh Ùer tÙ, 1756; sÊ-l‚c … ˛e ˛u her tÙ lÙcast (_upon which thou here lookest_), 1655; folc tÙ sÊgon (_the folk looked on_), 1423; ˛‰t hÓ him tÙ mihton gegnum gangan (_might proceed thereto_), 313; se ˛e him bealwa tÙ bÙte gel˝fde (_who believed in help out of evils from him_, i.e. BeÛwulf), 910; him tÙ anwaldan ‚re ge-lyfde (_trusted for himself to the Almighty’s help_), 1273; ˛e ˚s sÍcea tÙ SweÛna leÛde (_that the Swedes will come against us_), 3002.–2) before adj. and adv., _too_: tÙ strang (_too mighty_), 133; tÙ f‰st, 137; tÙ sw˝, 191; so, 789, 970, 1337, 1743, 1749, etc.; tÙ fela micles (_far too much_), 695; he tÙ for ge-stÙp (_he had gone too far_), 2290.

tÙ (G. tun˛u-s), st. m., _tooth_: in comp. blÙdig-tÙ (adj.).

tredan, st. v. w. acc., _to tread_: inf. sÊ-wong tredan, 1965; el-land tredan, 3020; pret. sg. wr‰c-l‚stas tr‰d, 1353; medo-wongas tr‰d, 1644; gr‰s-moldan tr‰d, 1882.

treddian, tryddian (see trod), w. v., _to stride, tread, go_: pret. sg. treddode, 726; tryddode getrume micle (_strode about with a strong troop_), 923.

trem, st. n., _piece, part_: acc. sg. ne … fÙtes trem (_not a foot’s breadth_), 2526.

treÛw, st. f., _fidelity, good faith_: acc. sg. treÛwe, 1073; sibbe oe treÛwe, 2923.

treÛw, st. n., _tree_: in comp. galg-treÛw.

treÛwian. See tr˚wian.

treÛw-loga, w. m., _troth-breaker, pledge-breaker_: nom. pl. treÛw-logan, 2848.

trodu, st. f., _track, step_: acc. sg. or pl. trode, 844.

ge-trum, st. n., _troop, band_: instr. sg. ge-trume micle, 923.

trum, adj., _strong, endowed with_: nom. sg. heorot hornum trum, 1370.

ge-tr˚wan, w. v. w. acc., _to confirm, pledge solemnly_: pret. sg. ˛‚ hie getr˚wedon on tw‚ healfe f‰ste friou-wÊre, 1096.

tr˚wian, treÛwan, w. v., _to trust in, rely on, believe in_: 1) w. dat.: pret. sg. sÓe ne tr˚wode leÛfes mannes (_I trusted not in the dear man’s enterprise_), 1994; bearne ne tr˚wode ˛‰t he … (_she trusted not the child that_ …), 2371; gehwylc hiora his ferhe treÛwde ˛‰t he … (_each trusted his heart that_ …), 1167.–2) w. gen.: pret. sg. Ge·ta leÛd georne tr˚wode mÙdgan m‰gnes, 670; wires ne tr˚wode, 2954.

ge-tr˚wian, _to rely on, trust in_, w. dat.: pret. sg. strenge ge-tr˚wode, mund-gripe m‰genes, 1534;–w. gen. pret. sg. beorges ge-tr˚wode, wÓges and wealles, 2323; strenge ge-tr˚wode ‚nes mannes, 2541.

tryddian. See treddian.

tr˝we, adj., _true, faithful_: nom. sg. ˛‚ gyt w‰s … Êghwylc Ùrum tr˝we, 1166.

ge-tr˝we, adj., _faithful_: nom. sg. her is Êghwylc eorl Ùrum ge-tr˝we, 1229.

turf, st. f., _sod, soil, seat_: in comp. Íel-turf.

tux, st. m., _tooth, tusk_: in comp. hilde-tux.

ge-twÊfan, w. v. w. acc. of person and gen. thing, _to separate, divide, deprive of, hinder_: pres. sg. III. ˛‰t ˛ec ‚dl oe ecg eafoes ge-twÊfe (_robs of strength_), 1764; inf. god e·e m‰g ˛one dol-scaan dÊda ge-twÊfan (_God may easily restrain the fierce foe from his deeds_), 479; pret. sg. sumne Ge·ta leÛd … feores getwÊfde (_cut him off from life_), 1434; nÙ ˛Êr wÊg-flotan wind ofer ˝um sÓes ge-twÊfde (_the wind hindered not the wave-floater in her course over the water_), 1909; pret. part. ‰t rihte w‰s g˚ ge-twÊfed (_almost had the struggle been ended_), 1659.

ge-twÊman, w. v. acc. pers. and gen. thing, _to hinder, render incapable of, restrain_: inf. ic hine ne mihte … ganges getwÊman, 969.

twegen, m. f. n. tw‚, num., _twain, two_: nom. m. twegen, 1164; acc. m. twegen, 1348; dat. twÊm, 1192 gen. twega, 2533; acc. f. tw‚, 1096, 1195.

twelf, num., _twelve_, gen. twelfa, 3172.

tweone (Frisian twine), num. = _bini, two_: dat. pl. be sÊm tweonum, 859, 1298; 1686.

twidig, adj., in comp. lang-twidig (_long-assured_), 1709.

tyder, st. m., _race, descendant_: in comp. un-tyder, 111.

tydre (Frisian teddre), adj., _weak, unwarlike, cowardly_: nom. pl. tydre, 2848.

tyn, num., _ten_: uninflect. dat. on tyn dagum, 3161; inflect. nom. tyne, 2848.

tyrwian, w. v., _to tar_: pret. part. tyrwed in comp.: niw-tyrwed.

on-tyhtan, w. v., _to urge on, incite, entice_: pret. sg. on-tyhte, 3087.

fi

˛afian, w. v. w. acc., _to submit to, endure_: inf. ˛‰t se ˛eÛd-cyning ˛afian sceolde Eofores ‚nne dÙm, 2964.

˛anc, st. m.: 1) _thought_: in comp. fore-, hete-, or-, searo-˛anc; inwit-˛anc (adj.).–2) _thanks_ (w. gen. of thing): nom. sg., 929, 1779; acc. sg. ˛anc, 1998, 2795.–3) _content, favor, pleasure_: dat. sg. ˛‚ ˛e gif-sceattas Ge·ta fyredon ˛yder tÙ ˛ance (_those that tribute for the Ge‚tas carried thither for favor_). 379.

ge-˛anc, st. m., _thought_: instr. pl. ˛eÛstrum ge-˛oncum, 2333.–Comp. mÙd-ge-˛anc.

˛anc-hycgende, pres. part., _thoughtful_, 2236.

˛ancian, w. v., _to thank_: pret. sg. gode ˛ancode … ˛‰s ˛e hire se willa ge-lamp (_thanked God that her wish was granted_), 626; so, 1398; pl. ˛ancedon, 627(?).

˛anon, ˛onon, ˛onan, adv., _thence_: 1) local: ˛anon eft gew‚t (_he went thence back_), 123; ˛anon up … stigon (_went up thence_), 224; so, ˛anon, 463, 692, 764, 845, 854, 1293; ˛anan, 1881; ˛onon, 520, 1374, 2409; ˛onan, 820, 2360, 2957.–2) personal: ˛anon untydras ealle on-wÙcon (_from him_, i.e. Cain, etc.), 111; so, ˛anan, 1266; ˛onon, 1961; unsÙfte ˛onon feorh Ù-ferede (i.e. from Grendel’s mother), 2141.

˛‚, adv.: l) _there, then_, 3, 26, 28, 34, 47, 53, etc. With ˛Êr: ˛‚ ˛Êr, 331. With nu: nu ˛‚ (_now then_), 658.–2) conjunction, _when, as, since_, w. indic., 461, 539, 633, etc.;–_because, whilst, during, since_, 402, 465, 724, 2551, etc.

˛‰t, I. demons, pron. acc. neut. of se: demons, nom. ˛‰t (_that_), 735, 766, etc.; instr. sg. ˛˝, 1798, 2029; ˛‰t ic ˛˝ wÊpne ge-br‰d (_that I brandished as(?) a weapon; that I brandished the weapon?_), 1665; ˛˝ weorra (_the more honored_), 1903; ˛˝ sÍft (_the more easily_), 2750; ˛˝ l‰s hym ˝e ˛rym wudu wynsuman for-wrecan meahte (_lest the force of the waves the winsome boat might carry away_), 1919; nÙ ˛˝ Êr (_not sooner_), 755, 1503, 2082, 2374, 2467; nÙ ˛˝ leng (_no longer, none the longer_), 975. ˛˝ =adv., _therefore, hence_, 1274, 2068; ˛Í … ˛Í = _on this account; for this reason … that, because_, 2639-2642; wiste ˛Í geornor (_knew but too well_), 822; he … w‰s sundes ˛Í sÊnra ˛e hine swylt fornam (_he was the slower in swimming as [whom?] death carried him off_), 1437; n‰s him wihte ˛Í sÍl (_it was none the better for him_), 2688; so, 2278. Gen. sg. ˛‰s = adv., _for this reason, therefore_, 7, 16, 114, 350, 589, 901, 1993, 2027, 2033, etc. ˛‰s ˛e, especially after verbs of thanking, = _because_, 108, 228, 627, 1780, 2798;–also = secundum quod: ˛‰s ˛e hie gewislÓcost ge-witan meahton, 1351;–_therefore, accordingly_, 1342, 3001; tÙ ˛‰s (_to that point; to that degree_), 715, 1586, 1617, 1968, 2411; ˛‰s georne (_so firmly_), 969; ac he ˛‰s f‰ste w‰s … besmiod (_it was too firmly set_), 774; nÙ ˛‰s frÙd leofa gumena bearna ˛‰t ˛one grund wite (_none liveth among men so wise that he should know its bottom_), 1368; he ˛‰s (˛‰m, MS.) mÙdig w‰s (_had the courage for it_), 1509.

II. conj. (relative), _that, so that_, 15, 62, 84, 221, 347, 358, 392, 571, etc.; Ù ˛‰t (_up to that, until_); see Ù.

˛‰tte (from ˛‰t ˛e, see ˛e), _that_, 151, 859, 1257, 2925, etc.; ˛‰t ˛e (_that_), 1847.

˛Êr: 1) demons. adv., _there (where)_, 32, 36, 89, 400, 757, etc.; moror-bealo m‚ga, ˛Êr heÛ Êr mÊste heÛld worolde wynne (_the death-bale of kinsmen where before she had most worldly joy_), 1080. With ˛‚: ˛‚ ˛Êr, 331; ˛Êr on innan (_therein_), 71. Almost like Eng. expletive _there_, 271, 550, 978, etc.;–_then, at that time_, 440;–_thither_: ˛Êr swÓ-ferhe sittan eodon (_thither went the bold ones to sit_, i.e. to the bench), 493, etc.–2) relative, _where_, 356, 420, 508, 513, 522, 694, 867, etc.; eode … ˛Êr se snottra b‚d (_went where the wise one tarried_), 1314; so, 1816;–_if_, 763, 798, 1836, 2731, etc.;–_whither_: g‚ ˛Êr he wille, 1395.

˛e, I. relative particle, indecl., partly standing alone, partly associated with se, seÛ, ˛‰t: Hunfer maelode, ˛e ‰t fÙtum s‰t (_H., who sat at his feet, spake_), 500; so, 138, etc.; w‰s ˛‰t gewin tÙ sw˝ ˛e on ˛‚ leÛde be-com (_the misery that had come on the people was too great_), 192, etc.; ic wille … ˛e ˛‚ and-sware ‰dre ge-c˝an ˛e me se gÙda ‚-gifan ˛ence (_I will straightway tell thee the answer that the good one shall give_), 355; Ù ˛one ‚nne d‰g ˛e he … (_till that very day that he_ …), 2401; heÛ ˛‚ fÊhe wr‰c ˛e ˛u … Grendel cwealdest (_the fight in which thou slewest G._), 1335; mid ˛Êre sorge ˛e him siÛ s‚r belamp (_with the sorrow wherewith the pain had visited him_), 2469; pl. ˛onne ˛‚ dydon ˛e … (_than they did that_ …), 45; so, 378, 1136; ˛‚ m‚mas ˛e he me sealde (_the treasures that he gave me_), 2491; so, ginf‰stan gife ˛e him god sealde (_the great gifts that God had given him_), 2183. After ˛‚ra ˛e (_of those that_), the depend. verb often takes sg. instead of pl. (Dietrich, Haupt XI., 444 seqq.): wundor-siÛna fela secga ge-hwylcum ˛‚ra ˛e on swylc stara (_to each of those that look on such_), 997; so, 844, 1462, 2384, 2736. Strengthened by se, seÛ, ˛‰t: s‰gde se ˛e c˚e (_said he that knew_), 90; w‰s se grimma g‰st Grendel h‚ten, se ˛e mÙras heÛld (_the grim stranger hight Grendel, he that held the moors_), 103; here-byrne … seÛ ˛e b‚n-cofan beorgan c˚e (_the corselet that could protect the body_), 1446, etc.; ˛Êr ge-l˝fan sceal dryhtnes dÙme se ˛e hine de· nime (_he shall believe in God’s judgment whom death carrieth off_), 441; so, 1437, 1292 (cf. Heliand I., 1308).

˛‰s ˛e. See ˛‰t.

˛e·h ˛e. See ˛e·h.

for ˛am ˛e. See for-˛am.

˛˝, ˛Í, _the, by that_, instr. of se: ‚hte ic holdra ˛˝ l‰s … ˛e de· for-nam (_I had the less friends whom death snatched away_), 488; so, 1437.

˛eccan, w. v., _to cover_ (thatch), _cover over_: inf. ˛‚ sceal brond fretan, ‰led ˛eccean (_fire shall eat, flame shall cover, the treasures_), 3016; pret. pl. ˛Êr git e·gor-stre·m earmum ˛ehton (_in swimming_), 513.

˛egn, st. m., _thane, liegeman, king’s higher vassal; knight_: nom. sg., 235, 494, 868, 2060, 2710; (BeÛwulf), 194; (WÓgl‚f), 2722; acc. sg. ˛egen (BeÛwulf, MS. ˛egn), 1872; dat. sg. ˛egne, 1342, 1420; (Hengest), 1086; (WÓgl‚f), 2811; gen. sg. ˛egnes, 1798; nom. pl. ˛egnas, 1231; acc. pl. ˛egnas, 1082, 3122; dat. pl. ˛egnum, 2870; gen. pl. ˛egna, 123, 400, 1628, 1674, 1830, 2034, etc.–Comp.: ambiht-, ealdor-, heal-, magu-, sele-˛egn.

˛egnian, ˛Ínian, w. v., _to serve, do liege service_: pret. sg. ic him ˛Ínode deÛran sweorde (_I served them with my good sword_, i.e. slew them with it), 560.

˛egn-sorh, st. f., _thane-sorrow, grief for a liegeman_: acc. sg. ˛egn-sorge, 131.

˛egu, st. f., _taking_: in comp.: be·h-, beÛr-, sinc-˛egu.

˛el, st. n., _deal-board, board for benches_: in comp. benc-˛el, 486, 1240.

˛encan, w. v.: 1) _to think_: absolutely: pres. sg. III. se ˛e wel ˛ence, 289; so, 2602. With depend. clause: pres. sg. nÊnig heora ˛Ùhte ˛‰t he … (_none of them thought that he_), 692.–2) w. inf., _to intend_: pres. sg. III. ˛‚ and-sware … ˛e me se gÙda ‚-gifan ˛ence (_the answer that the good one intendeth to give me_), 355; (blÙdig w‰l) byrgean ˛ence, 448; ˛onne he … geg‚n ˛ence longsumne lof (_if he will win eternal fame_), 1536; pret. sg. ne ˛‰t aglÊca yldan ˛Ùhte (_the monster did not mean to delay that_), 740; pret. pl. wit unc wi hronfixas werian ˛Ùhton, 541; (hine) on healfa ge-hwone he·wan ˛Ùhton, 801.

‚-˛encan, _to intend, think out_: pret. sg. (he) ˛is ellen-weorc ‚na ‚-˛Ùhte tÙ ge-fremmanne, 2644.

ge-˛encan, w. acc.: 1) _to think of_: ˛‰t he his selfa ne m‰g … ende ge-˛encean (_so that he himself may not think of, know, its limit_), 1735.–2) _to be mindful_: imper. sg. ge-˛enc nu … hw‰t wit geÛ sprÊcon, 1475.

˛enden: 1) adv., _at this time, then, whilst_: nalles f‚cen-stafas fieÛd-Scyldingas ˛enden fremedon (_not at all at this time had the Scyldings done foul deeds_), 1020 (referring to 1165; cf. WÓdsÓ, 45 seqq.); ˛enden re·fode rinc Ùerne (_whilst one warrior robbed another_, i.e. Eofor robbed Ongen˛eÛw), 2986.–2) conj., _so long as, whilst_, 30, 57, 284, 1860, 2039, 2500, 3028;–_whilst_, 2419. With subj., _whilst, as long as_: ˛enden ˛u mÙte, 1178; ˛enden ˛u lifige, 1255; ˛enden hyt s˝ (_whilst the heat lasts_), 2650.

˛engel, st. m., _prince, lord, ruler_: acc. sg. hringa ˛engel (BeÛwulf), 1508.

˛es (m.), ˛eÛs (f.), ˛is (n.), demons. pron., _this_: nom. sg. 411, 432, 1703; f., 484; nom. acc. neut., 2156, 2252, 2644; ˛ys, 1396; acc. sg. m. ˛isne, 75; f. ˛‚s, 1682; dat. sg. neut. ˛issum, 1170; ˛yssum, 2640; f. ˛isse, 639; gen. m. ˛isses, 1217; f. ˛isse, 929; neut. ˛ysses, 791, 807; nom. pl. and acc. ˛‚s, 1623, 1653, 2636, 2641; dat. ˛yssum, 1063, 1220.

˛Í. See ˛‰t.

˛Íh. See ˛e·h.

˛earf, st. f., _need_: nom. sg. ˛earf, 1251, 2494, 2638; ˛‚ him w‰s manna ˛earf (_as he was in need of men_), 201; acc. sg. ˛earfe, 1457, 2580, 2850; fremma ge nu leÛda ˛earfe (_do ye now what is needful for the folk_), 2802; dat. sg. ‰t ˛earfe, 1478, 1526, 2695, 2710; acc. pl. se for andrysnum ealle beweotede ˛egnes ˛earfe (_who would supply in courtesy all the thane’s needs_), 1798 (cf. sele-˛egn, 1795).–Comp.: firen-, nearo-, ofer-˛earf.

˛earf. See ˛urfan.

ge-˛earfian, w. v., = _necessitatem imponere_: pret. part. ˛‚ him sw‚ ge-˛earfod w‰s (_since so they found it necessary_), 1104.

˛earle, adv., _very, exceedingly_, 560.

˛e·h, ˛Íh, conj., _though, even though_ or _if_: 1) with subj. ˛e·h, 203, 526, 588, 590, 1168, 1661, 2032, 2162. Strengthened by ˛e: ˛e·h ˛e, 683, 1369, 1832, 1928, 1942, 2345, 2620; ˛e·h … eal (_although_), 681.–2) with indic.: ˛e·h, 1103; ˛Íh, 1614.–3) doubtful: ˛e·h he ˚e wel, 2856; sw‚ ˛e·h (_nevertheless_), 2879; nÙ … sw‚ ˛e·h (_not then however_), 973; n‰s ˛e forht sw‚ ˛Íh (_he was not, though, afraid_), 2968; hw‰re sw‚ ˛e·h (_yet however_), 2443.

˛e·w, st. m., _custom, usage_: nom. sg., 178, 1247; acc. sg. ˛e·w, 359; instr. pl. ˛e·wum (_in accordance with custom_), 2145.

˛eÛd, st. f.: 1) _war-troop, retainers_: nom. sg., 644, 1231, 1251.–2) _nation, folk_: nom. sg., 1692; gen. pl. ˛eÛda, 1706.–Comp.: sige-, wer-˛eÛd.

˛eÛd-cyning, st. m., (=folc-cyning), _warrior-king, king of the people_: nom. sg. (HrÙg‚r), 2145; (Ongen˛eÛw), 2964, 2971; ˛iÛd-cyning (BeÛwulf), 2580; acc. sg. ˛eÛd-cyning (BeÛwulf), 3009; gen. sg. ˛eÛd-cyninges (BeÛwulf), 2695; gen. pl. ˛eÛd-cyninga, 2.

˛eÛden, st. m., _lord of a troop, war-chief, king; ruler_: nom. sg., 129, 365, 417, 1047, 1210, 1676, etc.; ˛iÛden, 2337, 2811; acc. sg. ˛eÛden, 34, 201, 353, 1599, 2385, 2722, 2884, 3080; ˛iÛden, 2789; dat. sg. ˛eÛdne, 345, 1526, 1993, 2573, 2710, etc.; ˛eÛden, 2033; gen. sg. ˛eÛdnes 798, 911, 1086, 1628, 1838, 2175; ˛iÛdnes, 2657; nom. pl. ˛eÛdnas, 3071.

˛eÛden-le·s, adj., _without chief_ or _king_: nom. pl. ˛eÛden-le·se, 1104.

˛eÛd-gestreÛn, st. n., _people’s-jewel, precious treasure_: instr. pl. ˛eÛd-ge-streÛnum, 44; gen. pl. ˛eÛd-ge-streÛna, 1219.

˛eÛdig, adj., _appertaining to a_ ˛eÛd: in comp. el-˛eÛdig.

˛eÛd-scaa, w. m., _foe of the people, general foe_: nom. sg. ˛eÛd-sceaa (_the dragon_), 2279, 2689.

˛eÛd-˛re·, st. f. m., _popular misery, general distress_: dat. pl. wi ˛eÛd-˛re·um, 178.

˛eÛf, st. m., _thief_: gen. sg. ˛eÛfes cr‰fte, 2221.

˛eÛn, st. v.: 1) _to grow, ripen, thrive_: pret. sg. weormyndum ˛‚h (_grew in glory_), 8.–2) _to thrive in, succeed_: pret. sg. h˚ru ˛‰t on lande lyt manna ˛‚h (_that throve to few_), 2837. See Note, l. 901.

ge-˛eÛn, _to grow, thrive; increase in power and influence_: imper. ge-˛eÛh tela, 1219; inf. lof-dÊdum sceal … man ge˛eÛn, 25; ˛‰t ˛‰t ˛eÛdnes bearn ge-˛eÛn scolde, 911.

on-˛eÛn? _to begin, undertake_, w. gen.: pret. he ˛‰s Êr on˛‚h, 901. [In MS. Emended in text.–KTH] See Note, l. 901.

˛eon (for ˛eÛwan), w. v., _to oppress, restrain_: inf. n‰s se folc-cyning ymb-sittendra Ênig ˛‚ra ˛e mec … dorste egesan ˛eÛn (_that durst oppress me with terror_), 2737.

˛eÛstor, adj., _dark, gloomy_: instr. pl. ˛eÛstrum ge-˛oncum, 2333.

˛icgan, st. v. w. acc., _to seize, attain, eat, appropriate_: inf. ˛‰t he (Grendel) m‚ mÙste manna cynnes ˛icgean ofer ˛‚ niht, 737; symbel ˛icgan (_take the meal, enjoy the feast_), 1011; pret. pl. ˛‰t hie me ˛Ígon, 563; ˛Êr we medu ˛Ígun, 2634.

ge-˛icgan, w. acc., _to grasp, take_: pret. sg. (symbel and sele-ful, ful) ge-˛eah, 619, 629; BeÛwulf ge-˛ah ful on flette, 1025; pret. pl. (medo-ful manig) ge-˛Êgon, 1015.

˛ider, ˛yder, adv., _thither_: ˛yder, 3087, 379, 2971.

˛ihtig, ˛yhtig, adj., _doughty, vigorous, firm_: acc. sg. neut. sweord … ecgum ˛yhtig, 1559.–Comp. hyge-˛ihtig.

˛incan. See ˛yncan.

˛ing, st. n.: 1) _thing_: gen. pl. Ênige ˛inga (_ullo modo_), 792, 2375, 2906.–2) _affair, contest, controversy_: nom. sg. me wear Grendles ˛ing … undyrne c˚ (_Grendel’s doings became known to me_), 409.–3) _judgment, issue, judicial assembly_(?): acc. sg. sceal … ‚na gehegan ˛ing wi ˛yrse (_shall bring the matter alone to an issue against the giant_: see hegan), 426.

ge-˛ing, st. n.: 1) _terms, covenant_: acc. pl. ge-˛ingo, 1086.–2) _fate, providence, issue_: gen. sg. ge-˛inges, 398, 710; (ge-˛ingea, MS.), 525.

ge-˛ingan, st. v., _to grow, mature, thrive_ (Dietrich, Haupt IX., 430): pret. part. cwÍn mÙde ge-˛ungen (_mature-minded, high-spirited, queen_), 625. See wel-˛ungen.

ge-˛ingan (see ge-˛ing), w. v.: 1) _to conclude a treaty_: w. refl. dat, _enter into a treaty_: pres. sg. III. gif him ˛onne HrÍrÓc tÙ hofum Ge·ta ge-˛inge _(if H. enters into a treaty_ (seeks aid at?) _with the court of the Ge·tas_, referring to the old German custom of princes entering the service or suite of a foreign king), 1838. Leo.–2) _to prepare, appoint_: pret. part. wiste [‰t] ˛‰m ahlÊcan … hilde ge-˛inged, 648; hrae w‰s … mÍce ge-˛inged, 1939.

˛ingian, w. v.: 1) _to speak in an assembly, make an address_: inf. ne h˝rde ic snotor-lÓcor on sw‚ geongum feore guman ˛ingian (_I never heard a man so young speak so wisely_), 1844.–2) _to compound, settle, lay aside_: inf. ne wolde feorh-bealo … feÛ ˛ingian (_would not compound the life-bale for money_), 156; so, pret. sg. ˛‚ fÊhe feÛ ˛ingode, 470.

˛Óhan. See ˛eÛn.

˛in, possess, pron., _thy, thine_, 267, 346, 353, 367, 459, etc.

ge-˛Ùht, st. m., _thought, plan_: acc. sg. ‚n-fealdne ge-˛Ùht, 256; f‰st-rÊdne ge-˛Ùht, 611.

˛olian, w. v. w. acc.: 1) _to endure, bear_: inf. (inwid-sorge) ˛olian, 833; pres. sg. III. ˛re·-n˝d ˛ola, 284; pret. sg. ˛olode ˛ryswy, 131.–2) _to hold out, stand, survive_: pres. sg. (intrans.) ˛enden ˛is sweord ˛ola (_as long as this sword holds out_), 2500; pret. sg. (seÛ ecg) ˛olode Êr fela hand-gemÙta, 1526.

ge-˛olian: 1) _to suffer, bear, endure_: gerund. tÙ ge-˛olianne, 1420; pret. sg. earfo-lice ˛rage ge-˛olode…, ˛‰t he … dre·m geh˝rde (_bore ill that he heard the sound of joy_), 87; torn ge-˛olode (_bore the misery_), 147.–2) _to have patience, wait_: inf. ˛Êr he longe sceal on ˛‰s waldendes wÊre ge-˛olian, 3110.

˛on (Goth, ˛an) = _tum, then, now_, 504; ‰fter ˛on (_after that_), 725; Êr ˛on d‰g cwÙme (_ere day came_), 732; nÙ ˛on lange (_it was not long till then_), 2424; n‰s ˛‚ long tÙ ˛on (_it was not long till then_), 2592, 2846; w‰s him se man tÙ ˛on leÛf ˛‰t … _(the man was to that degree dear to him that …_), 1877.

˛onne: 1) adv., _there, then, now_, 377, 435, 525, 1105, 1456, 1485, 1672, 1823, 3052, 3098(?).–2) conj., _if, when, while_: a) w. indic., 573, 881, 935, 1034, 1041, 1043, 1144, 1286, 1327, 1328, 1375, etc.; ˛‰t ic gum-cystum gÙdne funde be·ga bryttan, bre·c ˛onne mÙste (_that I found a good ring-giver and enjoyed him whilst I could_), 1488. b) w. subj., 23, 1180, 3065; ˛onne …˛onne (_then … when_), 484-85, 2447-48; gif ˛onne …˛onne (_if then … then_), 1105-1107. c) _than_ after comparatives, 44, 248, 469, 505, 534, 679, 1140, 1183, etc.; a comparative must be supplied, l. 70, before ˛one: ˛‰t he … h‚tan wolde medo-‰rn micel men ge-wyrcean ˛one yldo bearn Êfre ge-frunon (_a great mead-house_ (greater) _than men had ever known_).

˛racu, st. f., _strength, boldness_: in comp. mÙd-˛racu; = impetus in ecg-˛racu.

˛rag, st. f., _period of time, time_: nom. sg. ˛‚ hine siÛ ˛rag be-cwom (_when the_ [battle]-_hour befell him_), 2884; acc. sg. ˛rage (_for a time_), 87; longe (lange) ˛rage, 54, 114.–Comp. earfo-˛rag.

ge-˛r‰c, st. n., _multitude, crowd_: in comp. searo-ge-˛r‰c.

˛rec-wudu, st. m., (_might-wood_), _spear_ (cf. m‰gen-wudu): acc. sg., 1247.

˛re·, st. m. f., _misery, distress_: in comp. ˛eÛd-˛re·, ˛re·-nÍdla, -n˝d.

˛re·-nÍdla, w. m., _crushing distress, misery_: dat. sg. for ˛re·-nÍdlan, 2225.

˛rea-n˝d, st. f., _oppression, distress_: acc. sg. ˛re·-n˝d, 284; dat. pl. ˛re·-n˝dum, 833.

˛re·t, st. m., _troop, band_: dat. sg. on ˛am ˛re·te, 2407; dat. pl. sceaena ˛re·tum, 4.–Comp. Óren-˛re·t.