Oma-Tapi, the
Ome-Tepe, the
Omamahak
Omen birds;
not eaten;
kapatongs of images of
Omens: fire, before tuba-fishing;
taken from birds;
from pig’s liver;
the centipede;
taken by top-spinning;
concerning headhunting;
from dreams;
from banana leaves before naming children; hunting expeditions abandoned because of; good and evil, among the Katingans
“Onder,” the;
head-hunting by
Ong Sangi, village of
Onions, white
Oostenbroek, G.
Orang Bahau, the;
meaning of name;
tribes included in
Orang-utan, Dayak resembling;
shot by Chonggat;
rare in Central Borneo;
cries like child when wounded;
supposed to be able to swim;
stories of attacks of;
as food;
belief in soul of;
folk-tale about
_Orang-Utan and the Dayak,_ _The_, folk-tale
Orchids, of Borneo;
with aromatic fragrance;
search for rare variety of
Ornaments worn by natives
Ot-Danums, the;
at Telok Djulo;
physical appearance of;
the village of;
ornaments of;
tatuing of;
story of an unfaithful wife;
cure of disease by;
on the Katingan River;
funeral customs of;
of Tevang Karangan;
known as Duhoi on the Samba River; headhunting of;
meaning of the name;
the kapatongs;
location and number of;
primitive conditions of;
customs regarding childbirth;
belief concerning number and location of souls; folklore of
Ot-tjin, the game
Otter, fish caught by;
folk-tale about
_Otto_, government river steamer
Outfit for travel in the tropics, principal items in
Ox, wild
Pa-au
Paddi. _See_ Rice
Paddlers. _See_ Boatmen
_Pagan Tribes in Borneo_, quoted
Pahandut
Pahit (antoh), legend of
Paint, face, of Malay women
Pajamas, worn by a native
Palapak tree, the
Pani River, the
Pantars (memorial poles)
Panyanggaran, the (memorial pole)
Paradise flycatcher, the
Parang (short sword);
inlaid work on blade of
Pasang-grahan (camping-house);
at Belimbing;
at Beringan;
at Kandangan;
at Long Iram;
at Long Pangian;
at Samarinda;
at Sembulo;
protected by palm-leaf mats
Pasir;
the ex-Sultan of
_Patin Fish_, _The_, folk-tale
Peanuts, cultivation of
Peas, green, of the East Indies
Pembuang River, the, approach to;
the trip up
Pendahara, camp at
_Penganun_, _the Huge Serpent_, folk-tale
Pengaron, arrival at
Penihings, the, belief of, in friendly spirit; a stay among;
articles sold by;
murder committed by chief of;
characteristics of;
houses of;
the blian’s shield;
physical appearance of;
valuable collections made while among; a burial cave of;
funeral customs of;
tribal name of;
the raja or chief of;
omens of;
customs of;
hair colour of;
voices of;
weapons of;
the women of;
the cradle of;
sacred number of;
top-spinning by;
religious ideas of;
the five souls of;
method of curing disease;
Ibans feared by;
weaving done by;
Saputans formerly governed by;
impossible to obtain folk-tales from; tuba-fishing practised by;
included in Orang Bahau;
cure for snake-bite known to;
death from lightning unknown to;
marriage customs of;
customs regarding childbirth;
filing of teeth by;
game played by;
use by, of nagah in designs;
interpretation of basket designs by
Penyahbongs, the, kampong of Tamaloe formed by; a nomadic people;
boat crew of;
rhinoceros hunting expedition of;
characteristics of;
head ornament of;
ear ornamentation of;
garments of;
tatuing of;
food of;
customs of;
no disease among;
marriage customs of;
the women of;
the children of;
hunting of;
weapons of;
no divorce among;
funeral customs of;
compared with the Saputans;
the Ulu-Ots;
agriculturists;
head-hunters;
folk-tales of;
gold not used by;
allied to Punans;
number of;
known as Kreho;
tuba-fishing practised by;
name applied also to mountain range; belief of, in antoh;
customs regarding childbirth;
omens taken by
Penyakit, evil antoh
Peppers, red
Petroleum;
value of, in the jungle
_Phalaenopsis gigantea_
Pheasants of Borneo;
the argus;
white-tail, wattled
Phonographs, in Tandjong Selor
Phosphorescent lights in the jungle
Photography in the tropics:
camera feared by natives;
payment made for privilege of photographing natives; refusal to be photographed;
ornaments put on by natives, before being photographed; refusal to permit photograph to be taken while working; disapproval by Raja Paron;
bathing of natives to cleanse themselves after being photographed; the harvesters;
the ear-piercing operation;
the Raja Besar;
women rajas;
a kapala and his wife
Physical appearance of natives
Pig, domestic, reading of liver of, as augury; sacrifice of, at dancing feast;
sacrifice of, at rubber gatherers’ feast; sacrifice of, at ear-piercing operation; meat of, as eaten by natives;
killing of, for great triennial festival; dancing around;
sacrifice of, at rice-planting
Pig, wild;
food of Punans;
colour of;
capture and killing of;
along the Busang River;
harassed by dogs;
giant;
herds of;
hunting;
folktale about
Pigafetta, expedition of, to Brunei
Pigeons;
legend of
Pillars, sacred, for benefit of the dead. _See_ Kapatongs
Pinang
Pineapples
Pipa River, the
Pirates, Malay
Pisha, Penyahbong chief;
marriage of daughter of
Pitcher-plant, the
Plague, the, measures taken to eradicate
Plandok (mouse-deer);
superstition concerning
Platinum
Podjungan, the Kenyahs in
Poison, used in blow-pipe
Polyandry
Pomelo, the
Pomosing, village of
Pontianak, evil antoh
Population, of Borneo;
of Bulungan
Porcupine, killing of;
legend of
Portuguese, the, early trade relations of, with Brunei
Poru, village of
Potatoes, unknown to natives
Prahu (native, keelless boat), construction of; a gay flotilla;
difficulty in procuring;
loss and recovery of;
time required to build;
loading the;
of the Kenyahs;
bailing out leaky;
difficulty in securing men for;
given to the natives;
upsetting of;
with collection of animals and birds, nearly swamped; an unusually large;
gondola-like;
towed by motor-boat;
with bamboo covering in bottom;
the flying;
legend of the flying
Prickly heat
Priest-doctors. _See_ Blians
Priok, Sultan of
Prison at Sampit, beri-beri among inmates of
Protestant mission on Kahayan River
Proto-Malays
Provisions, hints on proper;
for trip up Barito River, in;
the end of, reached
Pulau Tombak
Punai (pigeon), legend of
Punans, the;
a nomadic tribe;
shy people of the jungle;
avoidance of sun’s rays by;
skin colour of;
different tribes of;
physical characteristics of;
food of;
customs of;
filing off of teeth by;
renowned for skill in use of sumpitan; a hunting party of;
headhunting raid of;
two headhunter prisoners;
settlement of, at Serrata;
marriage customs of;
punishment for marital infidelity; original location of;
makers of the sumpitan;
manner of curing disease;
the women of;
customs regarding childbirth;
the Ulu-Ots;
Penyahbongs allied to;
tuba-fishing practised by;
remedy of, for disease;
possess no remedy for bite of snake; death from lightning unknown to;
included in Orang Bahau
Puruk Tjahu, in
Python, man-eating
Rails, marsh
Rain, in Borneo;
storms in the jungle;
at Long Nawang;
usual occurrence of, at Tamaloe;
storms on Lake Sembulo
Rainy season in the tropics
Raja, the Sultan’s;
represented by kapatong;
office of, hereditary;
women rajas
Raja Besar, Ledjuli, a visit from;
photographing;
articles bought from;
a trip up the Merasi River with
Raja bird, the
Raja Paron
Rajimin, taxidermist;
illness and return of
Rambutan (wild fruit)
Rapids, of the Barito River;
of the Busang River;
of the Kasao River;
of the Katingan River;
of the Kayan River;
of the Mahakam River;
of the Samba River
Rat, large white
Rattan, abundance of, in Borneo;
cigar-cases made from;
uses of split;
gatherers of;
mats made from;
floated down Kasao River;
no longer found on Upper Mahakam;
caps of
Rattles, worn by women;
used by blian at wedding
Raven, Harry C.
Religion, native ideas of
Retribution, folk-tale
Rhinoceros;
horns of;
red rubber statue of;
hunting;
folk-lore tale about
Rhinoflax vigil
Riam Kiwa River, the;
elevation of watershed of
Rice, brandy made from;
polished a cause of beri-beri;
cooked in bamboo;
harvesting of;
method of husking;
cooking of, for great festival;
throwing of;
making new field for;
planting of;
time required for cooking;
season for planting, determined by togallan; considered unfit for food day after cooking
Rickshaw men, the
Rifle, loaned by Sultan
Rijckmans, L.F.J.
Rings, tin and brass, worn in ear-lobes
River system of Borneo
Rongkang, epidemic at
Roth, Ling
Royal Dutch Packet Boat Company
Rubber;
feast of gatherers of;
an English plantation;
gathering, at Sembulo
Rubea, the natives at
Rumphius, Dutch steamer
Rusa. See Deer
Sacrifice, of pig;
of hens;
of food, to antohs;
of slave in building of houses;
of water-buffalo;
at paddi-planting;
when tree falls
Sago-palm
Sailors, Javanese;
Malay
Salap (fish)
Salt, use of
Salt water, issuing from rock;
pool of
Salutations, when meeting;
at leave-taking;
on entering and leaving a house
Samarinda;
arrival at;
climate of;
the natives in
Samariting
Samba River, the, fish in;
houses on;
an expedition up;
passing the rapids of;
night on;
first European to visit;
gold in;
data from, concerning natives
Sambil goreng (native stew)
Samoan tribe. See Tamoans
Sampit, village of;
start for;
return to;
beri-beri at;
banquet given by controleur of
Sampit River, the
Sand-bars, at mouth of Pembuang River
Sand, white
Sandpiper, the
Sandung (funeral house)
Sangiang, the (antoh)
Sankuvai, the (bird that calls antoh)
Sapundo, the (memorial post)
Saputans, the;
characteristics of;
number of;
the women and children of;
habits and customs of;
marriage customs of;
food of;
belief of, about disease and its cure; funeral customs of;
piercing of ears of;
shy about being photographed;
makers of the sumpitan;
headhunting of;
the Ulu-Ots;
folklore of;
governed formerly by Penihings;
tuba-fishing practised by;
derivation of the name;
four villages of;
customs of, regarding childbirth;
included in Orang Bahau
Sarawak, James Brooke made raja of;
success of government of, under white rajas; five groups of people in;
fires at
Schouten, H.P.
Schreuder, R.
Schwaner Mountains, the, mineral possibilities of; exploration of;
the natives in
Sea, water from, reaches Mandumei
Sea Dayaks, the
Seat, plank used as
Segai, the, Kayan sub-tribe
_Selatan_, government steam-launch;
rough weather on board
_Semang, the Bad Boy_, folk-tale
Sembulo, Lake, an expedition to;
description of;
visit to, postponed;
the Dayaks on;
legend of the tailed people of;
second expedition to;
storms on;
depth of;
no evidence of tailed men found at
Sembulo, village of, arrival at;
mosque and cemetery of;
legend of the tailed people of;
population, Malay;
rubber gathering, chief occupation of; natives from Bangkal brought to;
epidemic of beri-beri at;
Tamoans superseded by Malays at
Senamang River, the, natives of
Serpent, huge, man-eating;
legends of golden-horned.
_See also_ Snake
Serrata
Shelters, in the jungle
Shield: blian’s, used as musical instrument; picture of antoh on warrior’s;
of the Penihings
Shyness of natives
Siangs, the;
tatuing of
Singapore;
climate of
Singing, of Kayan women;
of head-hunters;
to cure disease;
folk-tales;
of Penyahbong chief;
of the Penyahbong men;
of blian at funeral ceremonies;
of Katingan women
Sins, kinds of, among Katingans
Skin, colour of natives’;
diseases;
formations on thighs
Skins, animal, drying of;
spoiled by weather conditions
Skulls, natives unwilling to sell;
used as drinking-vessels
Slave, formerly sacrificed to attract antoh; buried alive under houses;
stones thought to be;
debtors as;
killing of, for wealthy man’s funeral; formerly sacrificed at tiwah feast;
cuts inflicted on, when raja dies
Smallpox
Snake, poisonous;
curious adventure with;
deadly bite of black;
a fight with;
as food;
caught and set free;
huge, man-eating;
bite of cobra;
cure for bite of;
folk-tales about
Snake-bird
Snares, for catching birds
Social classes, among tribes
Soerabaia, point of steamboat connection with Borneo; important commercial centre;
arrival at;
head-hunters imprisoned at;
an earthquake at
Soldiers, killing of, by Dayaks
Song, of native women;
of the head-hunters
Sonora Desert, the
_Sophia_, government steamship
Sora, folk-tale about
Souls, belief of various tribes concerning number and location of;
departure of, through top of head; of animals presented to soul of deceased person; method of recalling;
of animals
Spaan, A.W.
Spear, the hunting
Spiders, effect of bite of;
in caves of Kong Beng
Spirits, good and evil;
Hindu names for good. _See also_ Antohs
Squirrel, shot by Chonggat
Stalactites, in cave of Kimanis;
in caves near Kandangan
_Star_, the Montreal, assistance given by reporter for
Stars, native belief concerning;
tatu-marks representing;
rice-planting season determined by
Statue, brass, of Hindu origin
Stealing, Dayak belief concerning punishment for; of tin cans;
scruples about, overcome by Malay influence; of expedition’s moneybox;
among jungle people
Steamers: coaling of, in Japanese harbours; unpleasant trip on Barito River;
voyage on a rattan transport;
the _De Weert_;
the _Grotius_;
the _Otto_;
the _Selatan_;
the _Sophia_
Steel trunk
Stew, native, katjang idju;
sambil goreng
Stones, believed to be alive
Store-houses
_Story of the Bird Punai_, folk-tale
Sugar-cane;
alcohol from
Suicide among natives
Sultan of Bulungan, the, a visit to;
marriage of brother of
Sultanates established by Malays
Sumatra, formerly a part of Asia
Sumpitan, the (blow-pipe);
expert makers of;
method of holding;
poison for darts of;
the poison-carrying point;
the spear point on
Sun, belief concerning;
exposure to, feared by natives;
under equatorial, without head covering
Sungei Lobang
Sungei Paroi, preparation for journey to
Sword, short, of the Dayak
Syphilis
Tabedjeh, legend of
Tail, skin formation resembling
Tailed men, the, legend of;
no evidence of, found at Lake Sembulo
Talinka, folk-lore from
Tamaloe, the journey to;
arrival at;
kampong of, formed by Penyahbongs; origin of the name;
usual occurrence of rain at;
animals and birds not plentiful at; folk-tales from
Tamoans, the;
meaning of name;
scarcity of food of;
cholera ravages among;
superseded by Malays at Sembulo;
tatuing of
Tandjong Priok
Tandjong Selor
Tapang trees
Tapen Bini, Hindu remains at
Tapir, the
Tappin River, the
_Tarsius borneanus_
Tatu-markings: the full moon;
stars;
the durian fruit;
the nagah;
fish;
the rayong;
colour of, from damar;
the clothing of the liao, or soul; on entire body;
to prevent disease
Taxidermy in the tropics
Teeth, filing off of;
metal plugs worn in
Tehi, frame for drying fish
Telang kliman, magic liquid
Telen River, the
Telok Djulo, village of
Temang, brass statue at
Temperature: maximum in inland Borneo; in Bandjermasin;
at Tumbang Marowei;
on the equator;
at Long Iram;
at summit of watershed of the Riam Kiwa River
Temple. _See_ Balei
Tent, preferred to house;
the rot-proof
Teong, the bird
Teroian tribe, the
_Terpsiphone_
Tevang Karangan, Upper Katingans at
Throat, sick in his, Saputan expression
Thunder-storms
Tiger-cat, representation of, as protection; not eaten;
image of, on flying prahu;
image of, guarding house;
soul of
Tigers, Indian
Tin;
cans, stolen by natives
_Tinea imbricata_
Tingan, interpreter
Tipang Tingai
Tiwah feast (second funeral feast)
Tjehan River, the
Tobacco;
native;
asked for by women;
chewing;
given to natives
Togallan, time for planting rice determined by
Top-spinning, omens taken by
Torch
Trade in Borneo, mainly conducted by Chinese
Traders, native, from Apo Kayan
_Tragulus_
Traps, fishing
Travellers, and omens
Travelling, Malay outfit for;
Penihing custom of travelling at night
_Tree of which Antoh is Afraid, The_, folktale
Trees, of Borneo;
felling of;
hardwood, of the jungle;
methods of climbing tall;
poison from;
fruit-bearing;
falling, and head-hunting raids;
fallen but still living;
punishment of, when man is killed by falling from; antohs in;
sacrifices made on falling of;
the crevaia;
the durian;
the lansat;
the tapang;
folk-tales about
Tribes, native, of Borneo: classification of; intermingling of;
friendly relations among;
characteristics and capabilities of; the Bahau;
Basap;
Bato-Pola;
Bukats;
Bukits;
Busang;
Duhoi;
Ibans;
Katingans, Upper and Lower;
Kayans;
Kenyahs;
Long-Glats;
Mehalats;
Murungs;
Muruts;
Oma-Lokvi;
Oma-Palo;
Oma-Sulings;
Oma-Tapi;
Oma-Tepe;
Orang Bahau;
Ot-Danums;
Penihings;
Penyahbongs;
Punans;
Saputans;
Siangs;
Tamoans
Triennial feast, the great;
the purpose of;
building of place of worship;
food regulations at;
service imparting health and strength at; dance of blians at;
dance of the people;
killing and preparation of pigs for; the banquet;
practical joking at;
rice-throwing at;
wrestling;
march of blians;
end of
Trumpets, as accompaniment to singing
Trunk, steel
Trustworthiness of natives
Truthfulness of natives
Tuak. _See_ Brandy
Tuan Allah
Tuba-fishing
Tumbang Djuloi, village of
Tumbang Mantike, iron ore at
Tumbang Marowei, village of;
return to;
data from, concerning Murungs
Tumingki, village of
Turtle;
supposed to be poisonous
Twins, among children of the Dayaks
_Two Orphans, The_, folk-lore tale
Ugga River, the
Uljee, J.A.
Ulu-Ots, supposed to be cannibals;
habitats of;
believed to have tails and to sleep in trees; number and appearance of;
inveterate head-hunters;
collective name for several tribes
Ulung Ela, the fatherless boy
Ulung Tiung, the motherless boy
Umbrellas, carried by Malays;
useful for travel in Borneo
Upper Kahayan River, the, folk-lore from
Vaccinateur, the
Vancouver, arrival at
Van Dijl, Lieutenant J.
_Varanus,_
Vegetables, used in cure of diseases; stew of
Vegetation in the jungle, change in denseness of; rapid growth of
Vendetta among the Katingans
Vergouwen, J.C.
Villages, custom of changing location of
Voices, shrill
Von Luschan colour scale
Wages, paid to boatmen
Wah-wah (man-like ape);
traits of;
human behaviour of;
knife handles made from engraved bones of; superstition concerning
Walking, native manner of
Wallace, A.R., quoted, on the Boro Budur; his opinion of the durian;
his _Malay Archipelago_ quoted
War-dance
War, European
Watch-tower, a
Water, boiling of drinking, essential in tropics; temperature of bathing, in tropics;
salt, from rocks;
pool of salt
Water-buffaloes;
sacrifice of;
herd of, at Batokelau;
at times an antoh
Water-plant
Wealth of the Dayaks
Weapons: the klevang;
the parang;
the spear;
the sumpitan;
carried by women
Wearing apparel: aboriginal, added to collection; the Dayak;
of Katingan women;
of Kenyah women;
of Penyahbongs;
mourning garments
Weather, variety in, in the tropics
Weaving, by the Bugis;
material for clothing;
rattan mats
Wedding, festival;
at Tumbang Marowei.
See also Marriage customs
_When Husband and Wife are Antohs,_ folklore tale
Widows, rules observed by
Wild men of Borneo (the Ulu-Ots)
Wind, lack of, in the tropics;
in cave of Kong Beng;
at Kuala Braui;
calling the;
on Lake Sembulo
Wives, number permitted by various tribes; price paid for;
disloyal
Women: coaling of steamers by Japanese; song of the Kayan;
manners of;
few children of Dayak;
the Malay;
dress of;
mourning garments of;
frequent bathing of;
photographing;
cigarette smoking by;
dancing of;
blians;
folk-lore tales sung by;
restrictions imposed on;
head ornament of;
weapons carried by;
occupations of;
lot of, not an unhappy one;
part taken by, on hunting trips;
rules observed by widows;
a visit from, at bathing time;
face paint used by Malay;
regarded as more alert than men;
hair-dressing of;
a Malay boatman’s wife;
antohs which cause injury to;
polyandry among Duhoi;
customs regarding childbirth;
of the Bukats;
of the Bukits;
the Duhoi;
Kayan;
Katingan;
of the Kenyahs;
Long-Glat;
of the Murungs;
Oma-Suling;
Penihing;
Penyahbong;
Punan;
Saputan
_Wonderful Tree, The_, folk-lore tale
Wong Su, cook
Woodcraftsmen, Dayaks able
Wrestling, in the water;
at great triennial feast
Wristlets
Year, the Katingan
Yokohama, the bay of
[Illustration (Map): THE DUTCH INDIES AND SURROUNDING COUNTRIES]
[Illustration (Map): BORNEO (DOTTED SURFACE) AS COMPARED IN SIZE WITH THE BRITISH ISLES (WHITE) (After Wallace)]
SAMPLES OF DAYAK TATUING
The figure of a man represents a Lower Katingan, particularly a kapala at Tewang Rongkang, the only one I saw with tatu marks on the knees. These depict a fish of ancient times. On each thigh is the representation of a dog or possibly the nagah with a dog’s head.
The central tatu design represents a tree, the trunk of which rises from the navel; adjoining it above are two great oval designs stretching across the chest and depicting the wings of a fowl. The tree which is called garing, is a fabulous one that cannot be killed. This same pattern may be observed on the mats of the Kayans.
Down the arms and over the shoulders are similar designs representing leaves of the areca palm.
The border around the wrist is a representation of a bird called susulit. The cross on the hand represents the beak of this bird; the starlike figure is the eye of the hornbill.
The globular tatu mark on the calf of the leg (h) is peculiar to Katingans, Ot-Danums, and other tribes. The design below, representing a certain fruit, was seen on a Katingan.
The seven tatu marks to the right (a, b, c, d, e, f, g) represent the durian in various phases. The upper (a) to the left is a ripe durian, a design often observed in the tribes, one on each shoulder of a man. The next three (b, c, d) are young fruit, often seen one above each nipple. The next figure (e), usually observed on the upper arm (in front) represents 14 durians.
Above the nails of the tatued hand of a Penihing woman (f) are seen similar triangular marks, while across it runs a border representing the protuberances of the fruit. The latter designs are also found on the foot (g) of the same individual. The cross lines over fingers and toes represent banana leaves.
[Illustration: SAMPLES OF DAYAK TATUING: Tatuing of Lower Katingan
a. Bukit
b. Bukit
c. Bukit
d. Saputan
e. Long-Glat
f, g. Hand and foot of Penihing woman, Durian designs h. The globular tatu mark]