Beheste, G. 60. _Command_. C.
Behight, H. 2. 365. [_Name_; from _hight_, called.]
Behylte, AE. 939. _Promised_. C.
Belent, H. 2. 121. [? from Speght’s blent, _stayed, turned back_.]
Beme, AE. 563. _Trumpet_.
Bemente, E. I. 45. _Lament_. C.
Benned, AE. 1185. _Cursed, tormented_. C.
Benymmynge, P.G. 3. _Bereaving_. C.
Bercie, p. 278. 8. [No explanation.]
Berne, AE. 580. _Child_. C.
Berten, T. 58. _Venomous_. C.
Beseies, T. 124. _Becomes_. C.
Besprente, T. 132. _Scattered_. C.
Bestadde, p. 286. 3. [_Lost_, K.’s _bestad_ (O.).]
Bestanne, AE. 411. [=Bestadde.]
Bested, H. 2. 140. [_Contended_. ? from B.’s bestad, _beset, oppressed_.]
Bestoiker, AE. 91. _Deceiver_. C.
Bestreynts, H. 2. 634. [_Sprinkles_, from K.’s betreint (O.), _sprinkled_; but affected by _bestrewed_.]
Bete, G. 85. _Bid_. C.
Betrassed, G. 7. _Deceived, imposed on_. C.
Betraste, AE. 1031. _Betrayed_. C.
Betreinted, H. 2. [634] 707. [_Sprinkled_; from K.’s betreint (O.), _sprinkled_.]
Bevyle, E. II. 57. _Break. A herald term signifying a spear broken in tilting_. C.
Bewrate, H. 2. 127. [_Treachery_.]
Bewrecke, G. 101. _Revenge_. C.
Bewreen, AE. 6. _Express_. C.
Bewryen, Le. 42. _Declared, expressed_. C.
Bewryne, G. 72. _Declare_. C.
Bewrynning, T. 128. _Declaring_. C.
Bighes, AE. 371. _Jewels_. C.
Birlette, E. III. 24. _A hood, or covering for the back part of the head_. C.
Bismarde, p. 285. 141. [_Curious, wondering_; from bismar, _curiosity_, K.B. and Speght.]
Blake, AE. 178. 407. _Naked_. C.
Blakied, E. III. 4. _Naked, original_. C.
Blanche, AE. 369. _White, pure_.
Blaunchie, E. II. 50. _White_. C.
Blatauntlie, AE. 108. _Loudly_. C.
[Blents, H. 2. 638. ?]
Blente, E. III. 39. _Ceased, dead_. C.
Blethe, T. 98. _Bleed_. C.
Blynge, AE. 334. _Cease_. C.
Blyn, E. II. 40. _Cease, stand still_. C.
Boddekin, AE. 265. _Body, substance_. C.
Boleynge, M. 17. _Swelling_. C.
[Bollen, II. 2. 636. _Swollen_ (K.).]
Bollengers and Cottes, E. II. 33. _Different kinds of boats_. C.
Boolie, E. I. 46. _Beloved_. C.
Bordel, E. III. 2. _Cottage_. C.
Bordelier, AE. 410. _Cottager_.
Borne, T. 13. AE. 741. _Burnish_. C.
[Borne, H. 2. 289. ?_ground_. (No satisfactory explanation.)]
Boun, E. II. 40. _Make ready_. C.
Bounde, T. 32. _Ready_. C.
Bourne, AE. 483. [_Borne_.]
Bouting matche, p. 23. 2. [_Bout, trial of skill_.]
Bowke, T. 19.–Bowkie, G. 133. _Body_. C.
Brasteth, G. 123. _Bursteth_. C.
Brayd, G. 77. _Displayed_. C.
Brayde, AE 1010. [cf. B.’s braid, _a small lace_, &c.]
Breme, subst. G. 12. _Strength_. C.
——adj. E. II. 6. _Strong_. C.
Brende, G. 50. _Burn, consume_. C.
Bretful, Ch. 19. _Filled with_. C.
[Brigandyne, H. 2. 645. _An old-fashioned coat of mail_, K.]
Broched, H. 2. 335. _Pointed_.
Brondeous, E. II. 24. _Furious_. C.
Browded, G. 130. _Embroidered_. C.
Brynnyng, AE. 680. _Declaring_. C. [? contracted for _bewrynning_.]
Burled, M. 20. _Armed_. C.
Burlie bronde, G. 7. _Fury, anger_. C.
[Burne, AE. 585. H. 2. 265. ? _Run_ (no explanation).]
Byelecoyle, p. 288. 2. _Bel-acueil_. Fr. the name of a personage in the _Roman de la Rose_, which Chaucer has rendered _Fair welcoming_. [Speght followed by K. has Bialacoyl [Fr. Bel-acueil], _faire welcoming_. C. did not observe that the word was a proper name, but uses it to mean _hospitality_.]
Byker, AE. 246. _Battle_.
Bykrous, M. 37. _Warring_. C.
Bysmare, M. 95. _Bewildered, curious_. C.
Bysmarelie, Le. 26. _Curiously_. C.
C.
Cale, AE. 854. _Cold_.
Calke, G. 25. _Cast_. C.
Calked, E. I. 49. _Cast out_. C.
Caltysning, G. 67. _Forbidding_. C.
Carnes, AE. 1243. _Rocks, stones_. Brit.
Castle-stede, G. 100. _A Castle_. C.
Caties, H. 2. 67. _Cates_. [_Dainties_.]
Caytisned, AE. 32. _Binding, enforcing_. C. [AE. 1104. _Bound, fettered_.]
Celness, AE. 882. [Probably _coldness_; no explanation.]
Chafe, AE. 191. _Hot_. C.
Chastes, G. 201. _Beats, stamps_. C.
Champion, v. P.G. 12. _Challenge_. C.
Chaper, E. III. 48. _Dry, sunburnt_. C.
Chapournette, Ch. 45. _A small round hat_. C.
Chefe, G. 11. _Heat, rashness_. C.
Chelandree, AE. 105. _Gold-finch_. C.
Cheorte, p. 288. 4. [? _Pleasant;_ K. B. and Speght have chert, cheorte, _love, jealousy_, and K. and B. have also chertes, _merry people_.]
Cherisaunce, Ent. 1. _Comfort_. C.
Cherisaunied, AE. 839. perhaps _Cherisaunced_. [The mistake is in C.’s authorities; Cherisaunei (K.) Cherisaunie (B.).]
Cheves, Ch. 37. _Moves_. C.
Chevysed, Ent. 2. _Preserved_. C.
Chirckynge, M. 23. _A confused noise_. C.
Church-glebe-house, Ch. 24. _Grave_. C.
[Chyne, H. 2. 640. _Cut thro’ the back_. K.]
[Cleembe, as _Cleme_.]
Cleme, E. II. 9. _Sound_. C.
Clergyon, P.G. 8. _Clerk, or clergyman_. C.
Clergyon’d, Ent. 13. _Taught_. C.
Clevis, H. 2. 46. [_Cliffs_, or _rocks_. K.]
Cleyne, AE. 1102. [_Sound_. ? from clymbe (O.) _noise_. K.]
Clinie, H. 1. 431. [Apparently a _declination_, a stooping attitude; part of the science of arms.]
Cloude-agested, p. 278. 9. [See _Agested_.]
Clymmynge, Ch. 36. _Noisy_. C.
Coistrell, H. 2. 88. [_A young lad_ (O.) K.]
Compheeres, M. 21. _Companions_. C.
Congeon, E. III. 89. _Dwarf_. C.
Contake, T. 87. _Dispute_. C.
Conteins, H. 1. 223. for _Contents_.
Conteke, E. II. 10. _Confuse; contend-with_. C.
Contekions, AE. 553. _Contentions_. C.
Cope, Ch. 50. _A cloke_. C.
Corven, AE. 56. See _Yeorven_.
Cotte, E. II. 24. _Cut_.
Cottes, E. II. 33. See _Bollengers_.
Coupe, E. II. 7. _Cut_. C.
Couraciers, T. 74. _Horse-coursers_. C.
Coyen, AE. 125. _Coy_. q?
Cravent, E. III. 39. _Coward_. C.
Creand, AE. 581. as _Recreand_.
Crine, AE. 851. _Hair_. C.
Croched, H. 2. 511. perhaps _Broched_. [What is _broched_? Sk. renders _crooked_, but surely a javelin should be straight. Perhaps C. was thinking of the _cross_-piece of a halbert. Cf. _croche_.]
Croche, v. G. 26. _Cross_. C.
Crokynge, AE. 119. _Bending_.
Cross-stone, AE. 1122. _Monument_. C. [Crouchee, p. 281. 63. _Cross_; from Speght’s crouch, _cross_.]
Cuarr, p. 281. 53. _Quarry_. q?
[Cuishes, H. 2. 230. _Armour for the thighs_; cuisses K.]
Cullis-yatte, E. I. 50. _Portcullis-gate_. C.
Curriedowe, G. 176. _Flatterer_. C.
Cuyen kine, E. I. 35. _Tender cows_. C.
D.
Dareygne, G. 26. _Attempt, endeavour_. C.
Declynie, H. i. 161. _Declination_. q? [See _Clinie_.]
Decorn, E. II. 14. _Carved_. C.
Deene, E. II. 69. _Glorious, worthy_. C.
[Deene, p. 288. II. _Dine_?]
Deere, E. III. 88. _Dire_. C.
Defs, M. 9. _Vapours, meteors_. C.
Defayte, G. 52. _Decay_. C.
Defte, Ch. 7. _Neat, ornamental_. C.
Deigned, E. III. 53. _Disdained_. C.
Delievretie, T. 44. _Activity_. C.
Demasing, H. 1. 276. [?_Considering_; no explanation.]
Dente, AE. 886. See _Adente_.
Dented, AE. 263. See _Adented_.
Denwere, G. 141. _Doubt_. C.–M. 13. _Tremour_. C.
Dequace, G. 56. _Mangle, destroy_. C.
Dequaced, p. 280. 38. [_Dashed_ K. and Speght.]
Dere, Ep. 5. _Hurt, damage_. C.
Derkynnes, AE. 229. _Young deer_. q?
Derne, AE. 582.–H. 2. 522. [_Barbarous, cruel_ K.]
Dernie, E. I. 19. _Woeful, lamentable_. C.—-M. 106. _Cruel_. C.
Deslavate, H. 2. 333. [_Lecherous, beastly_, from K.’s deslavy.]
Dellavatie, AE. 1047. _Letchery_. C.
Detratours, H. 2. 78. [_Slanderous detractors_.]
Deysed, AE. 46. _Seated on a deis_.
Dheie; _They_.
Dhere, AE. 192. _There_.
Dhereof; _Thereof_.
Difficile, AE. 358. _Difficult_. C.
Dighte, Ch. 7. _Drest, arrayed_. C.
Dispande, p. 276. _ult_. perhaps for _Disponed_. [B. has dispand, _to stretch out_.] Dispone, p. 279. 27. _Dispose_.
Divinistre, AE. 141. _Divine_. C.
Dolce, AE. 1187. _Soft, gentle_. C.
Dole, n. G. 137. _Lamentation_. C.
Dole, adj. p. 283. 13. [_Doleful_.]
Dolte, Ep. 27. _Foolish_. C.
[Dolthead, H. 1. 335. _Blockhead_.]
Donde, H. 1. 51. [_Done, finished_.]
Donore, H. 1. 5. This line should probably be written thus; _O sea-oerteeming Dovor_!
Dortoure, Ch. 25. _A sleeping room_. C.
Dote, p. 279. 20. perhaps as _Dighte_.
Doughtre mere, H. 2. 481. _D’outre mere_. Fr. From beyond sea.
[Draffs, AE. 717. _Lees, dregs_, so _useless, worthless_.]
Dree, AE. 983. [H. 2. 664. _? Work_, or _Drive_.]
Drefte, AE. 466. _Least_. C.
[Drenche, AE. 85. _Drink_. (Really _to dose with medicine_.)]
Drented, G. 91. _Drained_. C.
Dreynted, AE. 237. _Drowned_. C.
Dribblet, E. II. 48. _Small, insignificant_. C.
Drites, G. 65. _Rights, liberties_. C.
Drocke, T. 40. _Drink_. C.
Droke, AE. 461. [Meaning and source quite uncertain.]
Droorie, Ep. 47. See Chatterton’s note. _Druerie_ is _Courtship, gallantry_.
Drooried, AE. 127. _Courted_. [Probably _modest_, from B.’s drury, _modesty_.]
Dulce, p. 283. 103. as _Dolce_.
Duressed, E. I. 39. _Hardened_. C.
Dyd, H. 2. 9. should probably be _Dyght_.
Dygne, T. 89. _Worthy_. C.
[Dyngeynge, AE. 458. _Dinging_ or _striking_.]
Dynning, E. I. 25. _Sounding_. C.
Dysperpellest, AE. 414. _Scatterest_. C.
Dysporte, E. I. 28. _Pleasure_. C.
Dysportisment, AE. 250. as _Dysporte_.
Dysregate, AE. 542. [_? Deprive of command_.]
E.
Edraw, H. 2. 52. for _Ydraw_; Draw.
Eft, E. II. 78. _Often_. C.
Eftsoones, E. III. 54. _Quickly_. C.
Ele, M. 74. _Help_. C.
Eletten, AE. 448. _Enlighten_. C.
Eke, E. I. 27. _Also_. C.
Emblaunched, E. I. 36. _Whitened_. C.
Embodyde, E. I. 33. _Thick, stout_. C.
[Embollen, AE. 596. as _Bollen_.]
Embowre, G. 134. _Lodge_. C.
Emburled, E. II. 54. _Armed_. C.
Emmate, AE. 34. _Lessen, decrease_. C.
Emmers, p. 287. 7. [_? coins_. No explanation.]
Emmertleynge, M. 72. _Glittering_. C.
[Emprize, M. 74. _Adventure_. C.]
Enalse, G. 159. _Embrace_. C.
Encaled, AE. 918. _Frozen, cold_. C.
Enchased, M. 60. _Heated, enraged_. C.
Engyne, AE. 381. _Torture_.
Enheedynge, p. 283. 105. [_Taking heed, studying_.]
Enlowed, AE. 606. _Flamed, fired_. C.
Enrone, AE. 661. [Evidently _Unsheath_; no explanation.]
Enseme, AE. 971. _To make seams in_. q?
Enseeming, AE. 746. as _Seeming_.
Enshoting, T. 174. _Shooting, darting_. C.
[Ensooned, H. 2. 497. Probably, _In a swoon_; not in K.B. or Speght.]
Enstrote, H. 2. 503. [No explanation.] Enswote, AE. 1175. _Sweeten_. q?
Enswolters, AE. 629. _Swallows, sucks in_. C.
Ensyrke, p. 25. 10. _Encircle_.
Ent, E. III. 57. _A purse or bag_. C.
Entendement, AE. 261. _Understanding_.
Enthoghteing, AE. 704. [_Thinking_; cf. _Enheedynge_.]
Entremed, p. 276. 4. [_Intermingled_, from Speght’s Entremes, _entermingled_. (Really _entremes_ means a side-dish.)]
Entrykeynge, AE. 304. as _Tricking_.
Entyn, P.G. 10. _Even_. C.
Estande, H. 2. 271. for _Ystande_; Stand.
Estells, E. II. 16. A corruption of _Estoile_, Fr. A star. C.
Estroughted, AE. 918. [_Stretched out_]
Ethe, E. III. 59. _Ease_. C.
Ethie, p. 280. 49. _Easy_.
Evalle, E. III. 38. _Equal_. C.
Evespeckt, T. 56. _Marked with evening dew_. C.
Ewbrice, AE. 1085. _Adultery_. C.
Ewbrycious, p. 281. 60. _Lascivious_.
Eyne-gears, p. 279. 13. [Sk. considers this a compound of _eyne, eyes_ and _gear, tackle_ and renders _objects_.]
F.
Fage, Ep. 30. _Tale, jest_. C.
Faifully, T. 147. _Faithfully_. C.
Faitour, Ch. 66. _A beggar, or vagabond_. C.
Faldstole, AE. 61. _A folding stool, or seat_. See Du Cange in v. _Faldistorium_.
[Fay, H. 2. 144. _Faith_.]
[Faytour, p. 280. 37. as _Faitour_.]
Fayre, AE. 1204. 1224. _Clear, innocent_.
Feere, AE. 965. _Fire_.
Feerie, E. II. 45. _Flaming_. C.
Fele, T. 27. _Feeble_. C. [A Rowleian contraction, cf. _gorne_ for _garden_.]
Fellen, E. I. 10. _Fell_ pa. t. sing. q?
Fetelie, G. 24. _Nobly_. C.
Fetive, Ent. 7. as _Festive_.
Fetivelie, Le. 42. _Elegantly_. C.
Fetiveness, AE. 400. as _Festiveness_.
Feygnes, E. III. 78. A corruption of _feints_. C.
Fhuir, G. 58. _Fury_. C.
Fie, T. 113. _Defy_. C.
Flaiten, H. I. 84. [_Frightful_, from B.’s flaite, _to affright, to scare_.]
Flanched, H. 2. 242. [_Arched_, from K.’s flanch, _in heraldry, an ordinary made of an arch-line_.]
Flemed, T. 56. _Frighted_. C.
Flemie, p. 278. _ult_. [_Daunted_, from B.’s _flemed_.]
Flizze, G. 197. _Fly_. C.
Floe, H. 2. 54. _Arrow_.
Flott, Ch. 33. _Fly_. C.
[Flotting, H. 2. 42. _? Flying_, cf. _flott_; or _Whistling_, from B.’s floting (O.), _whistling, piping_.]
Foile, E. III. 78. _Baffle_. C.
Fons, Fonnes, E. II. 14. _Devices_. C.
Forgard, AE. 565. _Lose_. C.
Forletten, El. 19. _Forsaken_. C.
Forloyne, AE. 722. _Retreat_. C.
Forreying, T. 114. _Destroying_. C.
Forslagen, AE. 1076. _Slain_. C.
Forslege, AE. 1106. _Slay_. C.
Forstraughte, p. 281. 58. _Distracted_.
Forstraughteyng, G. 34. _Distracting_. C.
Forswat, Ch. 30. _Sun-burnt_. C.
Forweltring, AE. 618. _Blasting_. C.
Forwyned, E. III. 36. _Dried_. C.
Fremde, AE. 430. _Strange_. C.
Fremded, AE. 555. _Frighted_. C.
Freme, AE. 267. [and Fremed, H. 2. 147. _Strange_, from K.’s fremd (O.), _strange_.]
Fructile, AE. 185. _Fruitful_.
[Furched, AE. 519. _Forked_.]
G.
Gaberdine, T. 88. _A piece of armour_. C.
Gallard, Ch. 39. _Frighted_. C.
Gare, Ep. 7. _Cause_. C.
Gastness, AE. 412. _Ghastliness_.
Gayne, AE 821. To gayne so _gayne_ a pryze. _Gayne_ has probably been repeated by mistake. [More probably C. intended it to mean _Worth gaining_.]
Geare, AE. 299. _Apparel, accoutrement_.
Geason, Ent. 7. _Rare_. C.–G. 120. _Extraordinary, strange_. C.
Geer, H. 2. 284. as _Gier_.
Geete, AE. 736. as _Gite_.
Gemote, G. 94. _Assemble_. C.
Gemoted, E. II. 8. _United, assembled_. C.
Gerd, M. 7. _Broke, rent_. C.
Gies, G. 207. _Guides_. C.
Gier, H. 1. 527. _A turn, or twist_.
Gif, E. II. 39. _If_. C.
Gites, AE. 2. _Robes, mantels_. C.
Glair, H. 2. 570. [? _Glare_.]
[Gledes.H. 2. 217. _Glides_]
Gledeynge, M. 22. _Livid_. C.
Glomb, G. 175. _Frown_. C.
Glommed, Ch. 22. _Clouded, dejected_. C.
Giytted, H. 2. 272. [_Glittered_.]
Gorne, E. I. 36. _Garden_. C.
Gottes, AE. 740. _Drops_.
Gouler, p. 282. 76. [_Usurer_, from K.’s goule, _usury_.]
Graiebarbes, Le. 25. _Greybeards_. C.
Grange, E. I. 34. _Liberty of pasture_. C.
Gratche, AE. 115. _Apparel_. C.
Grave, p. 288. 2. _Chief magistrate, mayor_. [Where does T. find this meaning? B. and K. have grave, _a German title signifying a great lord etc_., but no word of mayor.]
Gravots, E. I. 24. _Groves_. C.
Gree, E. I. 44. _Grow_. C.
Groffile, AE. 547. [_Grovelling_, from K.’s groff or gruff (O.), _groveling_.]
Groffish, AE. 257. [_Gruffly_.]
Groffynglie, Ep. 33. _Foolishly_. C.
Gron, G. 90. _a fen, moor_. C.
Gronfer, E. II. 45. _A meteor_, from _gron_ a fen, and _fer_, a corruption of fire. C. [? then whether C. does not mean a will o’ the wisp.]
Gronfyres, G. 200. _Meteors_. C.
Grore, H. 2. 27. [No explanation.]
Groted, AE. 337. _Swollen_. C.
[Gryne, H. 2. 706. _Groin_.]
Gule-depeincted, E. II. 13. _Red-painted_. C.
Gule-steynct, G. 62. _Red-stained_. C.
[Guylde, G. 152. _Tax_.]
[Guylteynge, AE. 179. _Gilding_.]
Glyttelles, AE. 438. _Mantels_. C.
H.
[Habergeon. H. 2. 346. _A little coat of mail_ (K.).]
Haile, E. III. 60. _Happy_. C.
Hailie, AE. 148. 410. as _Haile_.
Halceld, M. 37. _Defeated_. C.
Hailie, T. 144. _Holy_. C.
Hailie, AE. 33. _Wholely_. [But here _Hallie_ would seem to be put for hailie, _happy_. Sk. renders _blissful_.]
Halline, Ch. 82. _Joy_. C.
Hancelled, G. 49. _Cut off, destroyed_. C.
Han, AE. 734. _Hath_. q? [One of C.’s fundamental mistakes.]
Hanne, AE. 409. _Had_. particip. q?–AE. 685. _Had_. pa. t. sing. q?
Hantoned, AE. 1094. [A mistake for _hancelled; hanten_ in B.K. and Speght means _use, accustom_.]
Harried, M. 82. _Tost_. C. [But in AE. 209 plainly=_hurried_.]
Hatched, p. 25. I. [Probably C. meant _covered with a cloth exhibiting its rider’s coat of arms_. Cf. _Hatchments_.]
[Hatchments, H. 2. 489. In heraldry, _a coat of arms_. (K.).]
Haveth, E. I. 17. _Have_. 1st perf. q?
Heafods, E. II. 7. _Heads_. C.
Heavenwere, G. 146. _Heavenward_. C.
Hecked, AE. 394. _Wrapped closely, covered_. C.
Heckled, M. 3. _Wrapped_. C.
Heie, E. II. 15. _They_. C.
Heiedeygnes, E. III. 77. _A country dance, still practised in the North_. C.
Hele, n. G. 127. _Help_. C.
Hele, v. E. III. 16. _To help_. C.
Hem, T. 24. A contraction of _them_. C.
[Hendie, H. 1. 95. ? _Hand to hand_; K. B. and Speght all have _neat, fine, genteel_, for this Chaucerian word.]
Hente, T. 175. _Grasp, hold_. C.
Hentyll, AE. 1161. [Evidently _Custom_; no explanation.]
[Herehaughte, M. 78. _Herald_.]
Herselle, AE. 279. _Herself_.
Herste, AE. 1182. [? _Command_.]
Hilted, Hiltren, T. 47. 65. _Hidden_. C.
Hiltring, Ch. 13. _Hiding_. C.
Hoastrie, E. I. 26. _Inn, or publick house_. C.
[Hocktide, H. 1. 25. _A festival celebrated in England antiently in memory of the sudden death of King Hardicanute A.C. 1042 and the downfall of the Danes_. B.]
Holtred, AE. 293. [? _Hidden_, from B.’s _hulstred_.]
Hommeur, AE. 1190. [? _Honour_.]
Hondepoint, AE. 273. [Sk. renders (_every_) _moment_; K.B. and Speght give no help.]
Hopelen, AE. 399. [_Hopelessness_–‘I from a night of hopelessness am awakened.’]
Horrowe, M. 2. _Unseemly, disagreeable_. C.
Horse-millanar, Ch. 56. See C.’s note. [According to Steevens a Bristol tradesman in 1776 so described himself over his shop-door.]
Houton, M. 93. _Hollow_. C.
Hulstred, M. 6. _Hidden, secret_. C.
Huscarles, AE. 922. 1194. _House-servants_.
Hyger, AE. 627. The flowing of the tide in the Severn was antiently called the _Hygra_. Gul. Malmesb. de Pontif. Ang. L. iv. [‘The eagre or “bore” of the Severn is a large and swift tide-wave which sometimes flows in from the Atlantic Ocean with great force.’ Sk. II, p. 61, note.]
Hylle-fyre, AE. 682. _A beacon_.
Hylte, T. 168. _Hid, secreted_. C.–AE. 1059. _Hide_. C.
[Hylted, Hyltren, T. 47 .65. _Hidden_. C.]
I., J.
Jape, Ch. 74. _A short surplice_, &c. C.
Jeste, G. 195. _Hoisted, raised_. C.
Ifrete, G. 2. _Devour, destroy_. C.
Ihantend, E. I. 40. _Accustomed_. C.
Jintle, H. 2. 82. for _Gentle_.
Impestering, E. I. 29. _Annoying_. C.
Inhild, E. I. 14. _Infuse_. C.
Ishad, Le. 37. _Broken_. C.
Jubb, E. III. 72. _A bottle_. C.
[Iwimpled, H. 2. 528. _Muffled_ (Speght).]
Iwreene, p. 286. 9. [Evidently the same as K.’s bewreen, _expressed, shewn_.]
K.
Ken, E. II. 6. _See, discover, know_. C.
Kennes, Ep. 28. _Knows_. C.
Keppend, Le. 44. [_Careful, precise,_ from B.’s kepen, _keep, take care of_.]
Kiste, Ch. 25. _Coffin_. C.
Kivercled, E. III. 63. _The hidden or secret part_. C.
Knopped, M. 14. _Fastened, chained, congealed_. C.
L.
[Lack in C. generally = _to be in need of_ rather than simply _to be without_; cf. G. 176.]
Ladden, H. 1. 206. [_Lay_.]
Leathel, E. I. 42. _Deadly_. C.
Lechemanne, AE. 31. _Physician_.
Leckedst, H. 2. 332. [No explanation.]
Lecturn, Le. 46. _Subject_. C.
Lecturnies, AE. 109. _Lectures_. C.
Leden, El. 30. _Decreasing_. C.
Ledanne, AE. 1143. [? _Leaden, heavy_; or it may be an adj. formed from K.’s leden (O.), _languish_.]
[Lee, Ep. 6. _Lay_; or ? _lie_.]
Leege, G. 173. _Homage, obeysance_. C.
Leegefolcke, G. 43. _Subjects_. C.
[Leffed, H. 1. 141. _Left_.]
Lege, Ep. 3. _Law_. C.
[Legeful, E. I. 3. _Loyal_.]
Leggen, M. 92. _Lessen, alloy_. C.
Leggeude, M. 32. _Alloyed_. C.
Lemanne, AE. 132. _Mistress_.
Lemes, AE 42. _Lights, rays_. C.
Lemed, El. 7. _Glistened_. C.–AE. 606. _Lighted_. C.
Lere, AE 568. H. 2. 597. seems to be put for _Leather_.
Lessel, El. 25. _A bush or hedge_. C.
Lete, G. 60. _Still_. C.
Lethal, El. 21. _Deadly, or death-boding_. C.
Lethlen, AE. 272. _Still, dead_. C.
Letten, AE. 928. _Church-yard_. C.
Levynde, El. 18. _Blasted_. C.
Levynne, M. 104. _Lightning_. C.
Levyn-mylted, AE. 462. _Lightning-melted_. q?
Liefe, AE. 217. [? from K. and B.’s lief, _rather_. Sk. renders _at my choice_.]
Liff, E. I. 7. _Leaf_.
Ligheth, AE. 627. [? _Lay low_, from K.’s lig, _lie_.]
Likand, H. 2. 177. _Liking_.
Limed, El. 37. _Glassy, reflecting_. C.
Limmed, M. 90. _Glassy, reflecting_. C.
Lissed, T. 97. _Bounded_. C.
[List, H. 1. 544. ? _Pleasure_.]
Lithie, Ep. 10. _Humble_. C.
Loaste, AE. 456. _Loss_.
[Lode, H. 1. 33. Probably as _load_, a _task_ or _burden_. Sk. renders _praise_, as if _land_; this is far from convincing.]
Logges, E. I. 55. _Cottages_. C.
Lordinge, T. 57. _Standing on their hind legs_. C.
Loverd’s, E. III. 29. _Lord’s_. C.
Low, G. 50. _Flame of fire_. C.
Lowes, T. 137. _Flames_. C.
Lowings, Ch. 35. _Flames_. C.
[Lurdanes, H. 1. 36. From B.’s ‘Lurdane, lordane, _a dull heavy fellow_, derived by some from _Lord_ and _Dane_’. So the word becomes for C. an opprobrious equivalent for _Dane_.]
[Lygheth, AE. 627. _Lay_, from K.’s lig, _to lie_.]
[Lymed, E. II. 7. _Glassy, reflecting_. C.]
Lymmed, M. 33. _Polished_. C.
Lynch, El. 37. _Bank_. C.
Lynge, AE. 376. _Stay_. C.
Lyoncel, E. II. 44. _Young lion_. C.
Lyped, El. 34. [? miswritten for _lithed_, Speght’s lith, _to make less_, so _wasted_. Sk. renders _wasted away_, deriving _lyped_ from B.’s liposychy, _a small swoon_, which seems too far-fetched even for Rowley.]
Lysse, T. 2. _Sport, or play_. C.
Lyssed, AE 53. _Bounded_. C.
M.
Mancas, G. 136. _Marks_. C.
Manchyn, H. 2. 222. _A sleeve_. Fr.
[Mastie, H. 1. 348. 425. ? _Mastiff_.]
Maynt, Meynte, E. II. 66. _Many, great numbers_. C.
Mee, Mees, E. I. 31. _Meadow_. C.
Meeded, AE 39. _Rewarded_. [The construction _meeded out_ is probably affected by _meted out_.]
Memuine, H. 2. 120. [? _Body of troops_, ? _Command_. No explanation.]
Meniced, p. 285. 146. _Menaced_, q? [The sense is _threatened to make him marry again_.]
Mere, G. 58. _Lake_. C.
Merk-plante, T. 176. _Night-shade_. C.
Merke, T. 163. _Dark, gloomy_. C.
Miesel, AE 551. _Myself_.
Milkynette, El. 22. _A small bagpipe_. C.
Mist, Ch. 49. _Poor, needy_. C.
[Mister, Ch. 82. as _Mist_, poor, needy.]
Mitches, El. 20. _Ruins_. C.
Mittee, E. II. 28. _Mighty_. C.
Mockler, p. 283. 105. _More_.
Moke, Ep. 5. _Much_. C.
Mokie, El. 29. _Black_. C.
[Mokynge, H. 2. 584. K. and B. have moky (O.), _cloudy_; so perhaps C. meant a brook the surface of which reflected the clouds. Sk. reads _mocking_.]
Mole, Ch. 4. _Soft_. C.
Mollock, G. 90. _Wet, moist_. C.
Morglaien. M. 20. _The name of a sword_ [Morglay] _in some old Romances_.
Morthe, AE 307. [_Violent death_. K. has morth, _murder_.]
Morthynge, El. 4. _Murdering_. C.
Mote, E. I. 22. _Might_. C.
Motte, H. 2. 184. _Word, or motto_.
Myckle, Le. 16. _Much_. C.
Myndbruch, AE. 401. [_A hurting of honour and worship_ (B.).]
Mynster, G. 75. _Monastery_. C.
Mysterk, M. 33. _Mystic_. C.
N.
[Nappy, Ba. 13. B. has nappy-ale, [_q. d. such as will cause persons to take a nap_] _pleasant and strong_. But the word _nappy_ in this connexion has nothing to do with causing sleep.]
Ne, P.G. 6. _Not_. C.
Ne, p. 281. 58. _Nigh_.
Nedere, Ep. II. _Adder_. C.
Neete, p. 280. 41. _Night_.
Nesh, T. 16. _Weak, tender_. C.
Nete, AE. 399. _Night_.
Nete, T. 19. _Nothing_. C.
Nilling, Le. 16. _Unwilling_. C.
Nome-depeinted, E. II. 17. _Rebus’d shields_; a herald term, when the charge of the shield implies the name of the bearer. C.
Notte-browne, p. 280. 49. _Nitt-brown_.
O.
Obaie, E. I. 41. _Abide_. C.
Offrendes, AE. 51. _Presents, offerings_. C.
Olyphauntes, H. 2. 609. _Elephants_.
Onknowlachynge, E. II. 26 _Not knowing_. C. Onlight, AE. 678. [_Put out, extinguish_.]
Onlist, Le. 46. _Boundless_. C.
[Ore, H. 2. 25. Contracted for _other_.]
Orrests, G. 100. _Oversets_. C.
Ouchd, T. 80. See C.’s note.
Ouphante, AE. 888. 929. _Ouphen, Elves_.
Ourt, H. 2. 578. [Contraction for B.’s _overt_.]
Ouzle, AE. 104. _Black-bird_. C.
Owndes, G. 91. _Waves_. C.
P.
Pall, Ch. 31. Contraction from _appall_, to fright. C.
Paramente, AE. 52. _Robes of scarlet_. C.–M. 36. _A princely robe_. C.
[Passante, El. 28. _Passing, going by_. (K.)]
Paves, Pavyes, AE. 433. _Shields_.
Peede, Ch. 5. _Pied_. C.
[Peene, AE. 484. _Pain_.]
Pencte, Ch. 46. _Painted_. C.
Penne, AE. 728. _Mountain_.
Percase, Le. 21. _Perchance_. C.
‘Pere, E. I. 41. _Appear_. C.
Perpled, p. 283. 99. _Purple_. q? [From B.’s disparpled, disperpled, _in heraldry, scattered loosely_. T.’s suggestion is certainly wrong.]
Persant, AE. 561. _Piereing_.
Pete, AE. 1001. [as _Pighte_.]
Pheeres, AE. 46. _Fellows, equals_. C.
Pheon, H. 2. 272. in Heraldry, _the barbed head of a dart_.
Pheryons, p. 285. 147. [‘A mistake for pheons.’ Sk.]
Picte, E. III. 91. _Picture_. C.
Pighte, T. 38. _Pitched, or bent down_. C.
Poyntel, Le. 44. _A pen_. C.
Prevyd, AE 23. _Hardy, valourous_. C.
Proto-slene, H. 2. 38. _First-slain_.
Prowe, H. 1. 108. [?_Forehead_. No explanation.]
Pynant, Le. 4. _Pining, meagre_.
Pyghte, M. 73. _Settled_. C.
Pyghteth, Ep. 15. _Plucks, or tortures_. C.
[Pyke, Ch. 53. See _Shoone-pykes_.]
[Pynne, AE. 213. Probably the peg which supported the target; which a clever marksman might split. There is no satisfactory explanation of ‘the basket’.]
Q.
Quaced, T. 94. _Vanquished_. C.
Quayntyssed. T. 4. _Curiously devised_. C.
Quansd, AE. 241. _Stilled, Quenched_. C.
Queede, AE. 284. 428. _The evil one; the Devil_.
R.
Receivure, G. 151. _Receipt_. C.
Recer, H. 1. 87. for _Racer_.
Recendize, AE. 544. for _Recreandice; Cowardice_.
Recrandize, AE. 1193. for _Recreandice; Cowardice_. [Though Sk. renders _Recendize_ resentment.]
Recreand, AE. 508. _Coward_. C.
Reddour, AE. 30. _Violence_. C.
Rede, Le. 18. _Wisdom_. C.
Reded, G. 79. _Counselled_. C.
Redeyng, AE. 227. _Advice_.
Regrate, Le. 7. _Esteem_. C.–M. 70. _Esteem, favour_. C.
Rele, n. AE. 530. _Wave_. C.
Reles, v. E. II. 63. _Waves_. C.
Rennome, T. 28. _Honour, glory_. C.
Reyne, Reine, E. II. 25. _Run_. C.
Reyning, E. II. 39. _Running_. C.
Reytes, AE. 900. _Water-flags_. C.
Ribaude, Ep. 9. _Rake, lewd person_. C.
Ribbande-geere, p. 280. 44. _Ornaments of ribbands_.
Rodded, Ch. 3. _Reddened_. C.
Rode, E. I. 59. _Complexion_. C.
Rodeing, AE. 324. _Riding_.
Roder, AE. 1065. _Rider, traveller_.
Roghling, T. 69. _Rolling_. C.
Roin, AE. 325. _Ruin_.
Roiend, AE. 578. _Ruin’d_.
Roiner, AE. 325. _Ruiner_.
Rou, G. 10. _Horrid, grim_. C.
Rowney, Le. 32. _Cart-horse_. C.
Rynde, AE. 1192. _Ruin’d_.
S.
Sabalus, E. I. 22. _The Devil_. C.
Sabbatanners, AE 275. [_Soldiers_, from B.’s sabatans, _soldiers’ boots_; cf. Lat. _Caligati_.]
[Sarim, H. 1. 301. i.e. _Sarum_.]
Scalle, AE. 703. _Shall_. C.
Scante, AE. 1133. _Scarce_. C.
Scantillie, AE. 1010. _Scarcely, sparingly_. C.
Scarpes, AE. 52. _Scarfs_. C.
Seethe, T. 96. _Hurt or damage_. C.
Scille, E. III. 33. _Gather_. C.
Scillye, G. 207. _Closely_. C.
Scolles, AE. 239. _Sholes_.
Scond, H. 1. 20. for _Abscond_.
Seck, H. 1. 461. for _Suck_.
Seeled, Ent. II. _Closed_. C.
Seere, AE. 1164. _Search_. C.
Selyness, E. I. 55. _Happiness_. C.
Semblate, p. 281. 67. [=_Semblance_.]
Seme, E. III. 32. _Seed_. C.
Semecope, Ch. 87. _A short undercloke_. C.
Semmlykeed, AE. 298. [as _Semlykeene_.]
Semlykeene, AE. 9. _Countenance_. C. C.–G. 56. _Beauty, countenance_. C.
Sendaument, p. 284. 126. [_Appearance_. The word has no authority; B. and K. are silent.]
Sete, AE. 1069. _Seat_.
Shappe, T. 36. _Fate_. C.
Shap-scurged, AE. 603. _Fate-scourged_. C.
Shemring, E. II. 14. _Glimmering_. C.
Shente, T. 157. _Broke, destroyed_. C.
Shepen, p. 283. 97. [_Simple_, from K.’s shepen (O.), _simple, fearful_.]
Shepstere, E. I. 6. _Shepherd_. C.
Shoone-pykes, p. 280. 44. _Shoes with piked toes_. The length of the pikes was restrained to two inches, by 3 Edw. 4. c. 5.
Shrove, H. 2. 432. [It is difficult to discover the probable sense of this word. Perhaps an allusion to an imaginary legend is intended; cf. the reference (H. 2. 417) to Conyan’s goats. Sk. has a note ‘_Shrove_ is the Rowleian for _shrouded_’; this is possible but hardly convincing.]
[Slea, AE. 18. _Slay_.]
[Sleeve, H. 1. 178. _Silk not yet twisted, floss._]
Sletre, AE. 539. _Slaughter_.
Slughornes, E. II. 9. _A musical instrument not unlike a hautboy_. C.–T. 31. A kind of clarion. C.
Smethe, T. 101. _Smoke_. C.
Smething, E. I. 1. _Smoking_. C.
Smore, H. 1. 412. [? _Smeared_ or _Smothered_.]
Smothe, Ch. 35. _Steam or vapours_. C.
Snett, T. 45. _Bent_. C.
[Sorgie, G. 17. _Surging_.]
Sothen, AE. 227. _Sooth_, q?
Souten, H. 1. 252. for _Sought_. pa. t. sing. q?
Sparre, H. 1. 26. _A wooden bar_.
Speckle, H. 2. 525. [? _Spied_, or perhaps _Reached_.]
Spencer, T. 11. _Dispenser_. C.
Spere, AE. 69. [_Spare, allow_.]
Spyryng, AE. 707. _Towering_.
Staie, H. 1. 198. [B. has Stay, _stop, let, hindrance_; so possibly C. uses it as a paraphrase for _armour_; or some special piece of armour may be meant.]
Starks, T. 73. _Stalks_.
[Steeked, AE. 1188. Not in K. B. or Speght, but Sk. notes that C. has _steeked=stole_; so here the sense would be _stole upon_.]
Steeres, p. 25. 6. _Stairs_.
Stente, T. 134. _Stained_. C.
Steynced, AE. 189. [?_Stinted_, from B.’s stent (Saxon),_stint_.]
Storthe, p. 287. 10. [_Death_; cf. _Storven_.]
Storven, AE. 608. _Dead_. C.
Straughte, AE. 59. _Stretched_. C.
[Stre, H. 2. 712. _Straw_.]
Stret, AE. 158. _Stretch_. C.
Strev, AE. 358. _Strive_.
Stringe, G. 10. _Strong_. C.
Suffycyl, AE. 62. 981. [_Sufficient_.]
[Swanges, Ch. 210. _Swings_.]
Swarthe, AE. 265. [A _swath_, or _swarth_ (so rarely, but cf. _Twelfth Night_, II. iii, where Maria calls Malvolio ‘an affectioned ass, that cons state without book and utters it by great swarths’) is as much hay as the mower can cut at one movement of the scythe. So, an unsubstantial thing compared with a _boddekin_.]
Swartheing, AE. 295 [_Darkling_, _darkening_.]
Swarthless. II. 2. 563. [_Dark-less_, i.e. _pallid_.]
Sweft-kervd, E. II. 20. _Short-liv’d_. C.
Swoltering, AE. 444. [?_Swallowing_.]
[Swote, E. I. 25. _Sweet_. C.]
Swotie, E. II. 9. _Sweet_. C.
Swythe, Swythen, Swythyn; _Quickly_. C.
Syke, E. II. 6. _Such, so_. C.
T.
Takelle. T. 72. _Arrow_. C.
[Talbot, H. 2. 89. _A kind of hunting dog_ (K.); _a dog with a turned-up tail_(B.).]
Teint, H. 1. 462. for _Tent_. [_Bandage_.]
Tende, T. 113. _Attend, or wait_. C.
Tene, AE 366. _Sorrow_.
Tentyflie, E. III. 48. _Carefully_. C.
Tere, AE 194. _Health_. C.
Thoughten, AE 172. 1136. for _Thought_, pa. t. sing. q?
[Thraslarkes, H. 2. 427. Presumably a kind of lark. K.B. and Speght give no help.]
Thyghte, p. 283. 104. [II. 2. 578. _Well-built_.]
Thyssen, E. II. 87. _These_, or _those_. q?
Tochelod, AE 205. [Perhaps a mistake for _Tochered_ = dowered. (Sk.)]
Tore, AE 1020. _Torch_. C.
Trechit, H. 2. 93. for _Treget_; Deceit.
Treynted, AE 454. [? _Scatter_, from K.’s Betreint (O.), _sprinkled_.]
Twyghte, E. II. 78. _Plucked, pulled_. C.
Twytte, E. I. 2. _Pluck, or pull_. C.
Tynge, Tyngue; _Tongue_.
U., V.
Val, T. 138. _Helm_. C.
Vernage, H. 2. II. _Vernaccia_ Ital. a sort of rich wine.
Ugsomeness, AE. 507. _Terror_. C.
Ugsomme, E. II. 55. _Terribly_. C.–AE. 303. _Terrible_. C.
[Virgyne, Ch. I. The sign of the zodiac, _Virgo_, which the sun enters about the 21st of August.]
Unaknell’d, H. 1. 288. _Without any knell rung for them._ q? [_unaknelled_ was Pope’s reading of _unancaled_ in his edition of _Hamlet_.]
Unburled, AE. 1186. _Unarmed_. C.
Uncted, M. 30. _Anointed_. C.
Undelievre, G. 27. _Unactive_. C.
Unenhantend, AE. 636. _Unaccustomed_. C.
Unespryte, G. 27. _Unspirited_. C.
[Uneyned, E. 516. _Blinded_.]
Unhailie, Ch. 85. _Unhappy_. C.
Unliart, P.G. 4. _Unforgiving_. C.
Unlift, E. III. 86. _Unbounded_. C.
Unlored, Ep. 25. _Unlearned_. C.
Unlydgefull, AE. 537. [_Disloyal_.]
Unplayte, G. 86.–Unplyte, AE. 1238. _Explain_. C.
Unquaced, E. III. 90. _Unhurt_. C.
[Unryghte. See Note I.]
Unsprytes, AE. 1212. _Un-souls_. C.
Untentyff, G. 79. _Uncareful, neglected_. C.
Unthylle, T. 30. _Useless_. C.
Unwer, E. III. 87. _Tempest_. C.
Volunde, AE. 73. _Memory, understanding_. C.–G. 140. _Will_. C.
Upriste, AE. 928. _Risen_. C.
Upryne, H. 2. 719. [? _Raise up_, from B.’s uprist, _uprisen, risen up_.]
Upswalynge, AE. 258. _Swelling_. C.
W.
Walsome, H. 2. 92. _Wlatsome; loathsome_.
Wanhope, G. 34. _Despair_. C.
Waylde, AE. 11. _Choice, selected_.
Waylinge, E. II. 68. _Decreasing_. C. [Wayled (O.), _grown old_ (K.).]
Wayne, E. III. 31. _Car_. C.
Weere, AE. 835. _Grief_. C.
Welked, E. III. 50. _Withered_. C.
Welkyn, AE. 1055. _Heaven_. C.
[Whaped, H. 2. 579. _Amazed_, from K.’s Awhaped (O.) _amazed_.]
Wiseegger, E. III. 8. _A philosopher_. C. [But used by C. as an adjective.]
Wissen, AE. 685. _Wish_.
Wite, G. 176. _Reward_. C.
Withe, E. III. 36. A contraction of _Wither_. C.
[Wolfynn, T. 51. &c. _Wolf_. Not in K. B. or Speght.]
Wolsome, Le. 5. See _Walsome_.
Wraytes. See _Reytes_.
Wrynn, T. 117. _Declare_. C.
Wurche, AE. 500. _Work_. C.
Wychencref, AE. 420. _Witchcraft_.
Wyere, E. II. 79. _Grief, trouble_. C.
Wympled, G. 207. _Mantled, covered_. C.
Wynnynge, AE. 219. [The sense is ‘which my father’s hall had no winning,’ i.e. ‘which I could never get in my father’s hall.’ Sk. is almost certainly wrong here.]
Y.
Yan, AE. 72. _Than_.
Yaped, Ep. 30. _Laughable_. C.
Yatte, T. 9. _That_. C.
Yblente, AE. 40. _Blinded_. C.
Ybroched, G. 96. _Horned_. C.
[Ybrogten, AE. 919. _Brought_]
Ycorne, AE. 374. [Contracted for _ycorven_.]
Ycorven, T. 170. _To mould_. C.
[Ycrase, p. 287. 16. _Break_.]
Yceasedd, T. 132. _Broken_. C.
Yenne; _Then_.
Yer, E. II. 29. _Their_.
Yer, AE. 152. _Your_.
Ygrove, H. 2. 434. [? _Shaped_, for _y-graven_.]
Yinder, AE. 692. _Yonder_.
Yis; _This_.
Ylach’d, H. 2. 436. [? _Concealed_. B. has Lach, _catch_ or _snatch_; but this is hardly to the point.]
Ynhyme, Ent. 5. _Inter_. C.
Ynutile, AE. 198. _Useless_.
Yreaden, H. 2. 207. [_Ready_.]
Yroughte, H. 2. 318. for _Ywroughte_.
Ysped, M. 102. _Dispatched_. C.
Yspende, T. 179. _Consider_. C.
Ystorven, E. I. 53. _Dead_. C.
Ytfel, E. I. 18. _Itself_.
Ywreen, E. II. 30. _Covered_. C.
Ywrinde, M. 100. _Hid, covered_. C.
Yyne, AE. 540. _Thine_.
Z.
Zabalus, AE. 428. as _Sabalus_; the Devil.
APPENDIX;
CONTAINING SOME OBSERVATIONS UPON THE LANGUAGE OF THE POEMS ATTRIBUTED TO ROWLEY;
TENDING TO PROVE, THAT THEY WERE WRITTEN, NOT BY ANY ANCIENT AUTHOR, BUT ENTIRELY BY THOMAS CHATTERTON.
Tum levis haud ultra latebras jam quaerit imago, Sed sublime volans nocti se immiscuit atrae.
VIRGIL. AE. X.
APPENDIX, &c.
When these Poems were first printed, it was thought best to leave the question of their authenticity to the determination of the impartial Public. The Editor contented himself with intimating his opinion, [Pref. p. xii, xiii.] that the external evidence on both sides was so defective as to deserve but little attention, and that the final decision of the question must depend upon the internal evidence. To shew that this opinion was not thrown out in order to mislead the enquiries and judgements of the readers, I have here drawn together _some observations upon_ THE LANGUAGE[1] _of the poems attributed to Rowley_, which, I think, will be sufficient to prove, 1st, that they were not written in the XV Century; and 2dly, that they were written entirely by Thomas Chatterton.
The proof of the second proposition would in effect carry with it that of the first; but, notwithstanding. I choose to treat them separately and to begin with the first.
I shall premise only one _postulatum_, which is, that Poets of the same age and country use the same language, allowances being made for certain varieties, which may arise from the local situation, the rank in life, the learning, the affectation of the writers, and from the different subjects and forms of their compositions [2].
This being granted, I have nothing to do but to prove, that the language of the poems attributed to Rowley (when every proper allowance has been made) is totally different from that of the other English writers of the XV Century, in many material particulars. It would be too tedious to go through them all; and therefore I shall only take notice of such as can be referred to three general heads; the _first_ consisting of words not used by any other writer; the _second_, of words used by other writers, but in a different sense; and the _third_, of words inflected in a manner contrary to grammar and custom.
Under the _first_ head I would recommend the following words to the reader’s consideration.
1. ABESSIE. E. III. 89.
Whylest the congeon flowrette _abessie_ dyghte.
2. ABORNE. T. 45.
Snett oppe hys long strunge bowe and sheelde _aborne_.
3. ABREDYNGE. AE 334.
Agylted AElla, thie _abredynge_ blynge.
4. ACROOLE. El. 6.
Didde speke _acroole_, wythe languishment of eyne.
5. ADAVE. H. 2. 392.
The fynest dame the Sun or moon _adave_.
6. ADENTE. AE 396. ADENTED. G. 32.
Ontoe thie veste the rodde sonne ys _adente_. _Adented_ prowess to the gite of witte.
7. ADRAMES. Ep. 27.
Loughe loudlie dynneth from the dolte _adrames_.
8. ALATCHE. AE 117.
Leave me swythe or I’lle _alatche_.
9. ALMER. Ch. 20.
Where from the hail-stone coulde the _almer_ flie?
10. ALUSTE. H. 1. 88.
That Alured coulde not hymself _aluste_.
11. ALYNE. T. 79.
Wythe murther tyred he flynges hys bowe _alyne_.
12. ALYSE. Le. 29.–G. 180.
Somme dryblette share you shoulde to that _alyse_. Fulle twentie mancas I wylle thee _alise_.
13. ANERE. AE 15.–Ep. 48.
And cann I lyve to see herr wythe _anere_? —-Adieu untylle _anere_.
14. ANETE. p. 281. 64.
Whych yn the blosom woulde such sins _anete_.
15. APPLINGS. E. I. 33.
Mie tendre _applynges_ and embodyde trees.
16. ARROW-LEDE. H. 1. 74.
Han by his soundynge _arrowe-lede_ bene sleyne.
17. ASENGLAVE. H. 1. 117.
But Harold’s _asenglave_ stopp’d it as it flewe.
18. ASLEE. AE 504.
That doest _aslee_ alonge ynn doled dystresse.
19. ASSWAIE. AE 352.
Botte thos to leave thee, Birtha, dothe _asswaie_ Moe torturynge peynes, &c.
20. ASTENDE. G. 47.
Acheke the mokie aire and heaven _astende_.
I stop here, not because the other Letters of the alphabet would not afford a proportionable number of words which might be referred to this head, but because I think these sufficient for my purpose. I proceed therefore to set down an equal number of words under the _second_ general head.
1. ABOUNDE. H. 1. 55.
His cristede beaver dyd him smalle _abounde_.
The common sense of _Abound_, a verb, is well known; but what can be the meaning of it here?
2. ALEDGE. G. 5.
Lette notte thie agreme blyn ne _aledge_ stonde.
_Aledge_, or _Alege_, v. Fr. in Chaucer signifies _to alleviate_. It is here used either as an adjective or as an adverb. Chatterton interprets it to mean _idly_; upon what ground I cannot guess.
3. ALL A BOON. E. III. 41.–p. 23. l. 4.
_All-a-boon_, fyr Priest, _all-a-boon_. Thys ys the onelie _all-a-boone_ I crave.
Here are three English words, the sense of which, taken separately, is clear. As joined together in this passage they are quite unintelligible.
4. ALLEYN. E. I. 52.
Mie sonne, mie sonne _alleyn_ ystorven ys.
Granting _alleyn_ to be rightly put for alone, no ancient writer, I apprehend, ever used such a phrase as this; any more than we should now say–_my son alone_ for _my only son_. 5. ASCAUNCE. E. III. 52.
Lokeynge _ascaunce_ upon the naighboure greene.
The usual sense of _ascaunce_ in Chaucer, and other old writers, has been explained in a note on ver. 7327. of the Canterbury Tales. It is used in the same sense by Gascoigne. The more modern adverb _ascaunce_, signifying _sideways, obliquely_, is derived from the Italian _a schiancio_, and I doubt very much whether it had been introduced into the English language in the time of the supposed Rowley.
6. ASTERTE. G. 137.
—-You have theyr worthe _asterte_.
I despair of finding any authorized sense of the word _asterte_, that will suit this passage. It cannot, I think, signifie _neglected or passed by_, as Chatterton has rendered it.
7. AUMERE. AE. 398.–Ch. 7. AUMERES. E. III. 25.
Depycte wyth skylled honde upponn thie wyde _aumere_. And eke the grounde was dighte in its mose deste _aumere_. Wythe gelten _aumeres_ stronge ontolde.
The only place in which I remember to have met with this word is in Chaucer’s Romant of the Rose, ver. 2271. and there it undoubtedly signifies _a purse_; probably from the Fr. _Aumoniere. Aumere of silk_ is Chaucer’s translation of _Bourse de foye_. In another place of the same poem, ver. 2087. he uses _aumener_ in the same sense. The interpretations given of this word by Chatterton will be considered below.
8. BARBED. AE 27. 219.
Nott, whan from the _barbed_ horse, &c. Mie lord fadre’s _barbde_ halle han ne wynnynge.
Let it be allowed, that _barbed horse_ was a proper expression, in the XV Century, for _a horse covered with armour_, can any one conceive that _barbed hall_ signified _a hall in which armour was hung_? or what other sense can _barbde_ have in this passage?
9. BLAKE. AE 178. 407.
Whanne Autumpne _blake_ and sonne-brente doe appere. _Blake_ stondeth future doome, and joie doth mee alyse.
_Blake_, in old English, may signifie either _black_, or _bleak_. Chatterton, in both these passages, renders it _naked_; and, in the latter, some such signification seems absolutely necessary to make any sense.
10. BODYKIN. AE 265.
And for a _bodykin_ a _swarthe_ obteyne.
_Bodekin_ is used by Chaucer more than once to signifie a _bodkin_ or _dagger_. I know not that it had any other signification in his time. _Swarthe_, used as a noun, has no sense that I am acquainted with.
11. BORDEL. E. III. 2.–AE 147. BORDELIER. AE 410.
Goe serche the logges and _bordels_ of the hynde. We wylle in a _bordelle_ lyve.
Hailie the robber and the _bordelyer_.
Though _bordel_, in very old French, signifies a _cottage_, and _bordelier_ a _cottager_, Chaucer uses the first word in no other sense than that of _brothel_ or _bawdy-house_; and _bordeller_ with him means the keeper of such a house. After this usage of these words was so established, it is not easy to believe that any later writer would hazard them in their primitive sense.
12. BYSMARE. M. 95.
Roaringe and rolleyng on yn course _bysmare_.
_Bismare_, in Chaucer, signifies _abusive speech_; nor do I believe that it ever had any other signification.
13. CHAMPYON, V. PG. 12.
Wee better for to doe do _champyon_ anie onne.
I do not believe that _champion_ was used as a verb by any writer much earlier than Shakespeare.
14. CONTAKE. T. 87. CONTEKE. E. II. 10.
—-I _contake_ thie waie.
_Conteke_ the dynnynge ayre and reche the skies.
_Conteke_ is used by Chaucer, as a _noun_, for _Contention_. I know no instance of its being used as a _verb_.
15. DERNE. AE 582. DERNIE. E. I. 19. El. 8. M. 106.
Whan thou didst boaste soe moche of actyon _derne_. Oh Raufe, comme lyste and hear mie _dernie_ tale. O gentle Juga, beare mie _dernie_ plainte. He wrythde arounde yn drearie _dernie_ payne.
_Derne_ is a Saxon adj. signifying _secret, private_, in which sense it is used more than once by Chaucer, and in no other.
16. DROORIE. Ep. 47.
Botte lette ne wordes, whiche _droorie_ mote ne heare, Bee placed in the same —-.
The only sense that I know of _druerie_ is _courtship, gallantry_, which will not suit with this passage.
17. FONNES. E. II. 14. AE 421. FONS. T. 4.
Decorn wyth _fonnes_ rare —-
On of the _fonnis_ whych the clerche have made. Quayntyssed _fons_ depictedd on eche sheelde.
A _fonne_ in Chaucer signifies a _fool_, and _fonnes–fools_; and Spenser uses _fon_ in the same sense; nor do I believe that it ever had any other meaning.
18. KNOPPED. M. 14.
Theyre myghte ys _knopped_ ynne the froste of fere.
_Knopped_ is used by Chaucer to signifie _fastened_ with a button, from _knoppe_, a button; but what poet, that knew the meaning of his words, would say that any thing was buttoned with _frost_?
19. LECTURN. Le. 46.
An onlist _lecturn_ and a songe adygne.
I do not see that _lecturn_ can possibly signifie any thing but _a reading-desk_, in which sense it is used by Chaucer.
20. LITHIE. Ep. 10.
Inne _lithie_ moncke apperes the barronnes pryde.
If there be any such word as this, we should naturally expect it to follow the signification of _lithe_; soft, limber: which will not suit with this passage.
* * * * *
I go on to the _third_ general head of words inflected contrary to grammar and custom. In a language like ours, in which the inflections are so few and so simple, it is not to be supposed that a writer, even of the lowest class, would commit very frequent offences of this sort. I shall take notice of some, which I think impossible to have fallen from a genuine Rowley.
1. CLEVIS. H. 2. 46.
Fierce as a _clevis_ from a rocke ytorne.
_Clevis_ or _cleves_ is the plural number of _Cleve_, a cliff. It is so used by Chaucer. I cannot believe that it was ever used as a singular noun.
EYNE. E. II. 79. T. 169. See also AE 681.
In everich _eyne_ aredynge nete of wyere. Wythe syke an _eyne_ shee swotelie hymm dydd view.
_Eyne_, a contraction of _eyen_, is the plural number of _eye_. It is not more probable that an ancient writer should have used the expressions here quoted, than that any one now should say–In _every eyes_;–_With such an eyes_.
HEIE. E. II. 15. T. 123. Le. 5. 9. Ent. 2. AE 355.
_Heie_, the old plural of _He_, was obsolete, I apprehend, in the time of the supposed Rowley. At least it is very improbable that the same writer, at any time, should use _heie_ and _theie_ indifferently, as in these poems.
THYSSEN. E. II. 87.
Lette _thyssen_ menne, who haveth sprite of love.
I cannot believe that _thyssen_ was ever in use as the plural number of _this_. The termination seems to have been added, for the sake of the metre, by one who knew that many words formerly ended in _en_, but was quite ignorant of what particular sorts they were. In the same manner _coyen_, AE. 125. and _sothen_, AE. 227. are put for _coy_ and _sothe_, contrary to all usage or analogy.
And this leads me to the capital blunder, which runs through all these poems, and would alone be sufficient to destroy their credit; I mean, the termination of _verbs in the singular number_ in _n_[3]. I will set down a number of instances, in which _han_ is used for the present or past time _singular_ of the v. _Have_; only premising, that _han_, being an abbreviation of _haven_, is never used by any ancient writer except in the present time _plural_ and the infinitive mode.