--_Articles_, Synt. of
--to what RELATE
--_Article_, with _the poss. and its governing noun_, only _one_, used --one noun admits of one, only; before an adj., relates to a noun understood
--why not repeated, as in Fr., before every noun of a series; why the omission of, cannot constitute a proper ellips. --position of, with respect to its noun; ditto, with respect to an adj. and noun
--relative position of, and adj., not a matter of indifference --excluded by certain pronom. adjectives; what ones precede it; its position in respect to an adj. of quality, limited by _too, so, as_, or _how_
--position of, when an adj. is preceded by another adv. than _too, so, as_, or _how_
--do., when an adj. follows its noun --whether the insertion or the omission of, can greatly affect the import of a sentence
--_Article_, repetition of, with nouns connected --do. with adjectives connected, and, oppos. --added to each of two or more nouns sing., or a plural put ("THE _nominative and_ THE _objective_ CASE," or "THE _nominative and objective_ CASES,")
--use of, in special correspondence of phrases --do., in correspondence peculiar
--do., in a series of terms
--erroneous use of, before the _species_, for THE; do., when the _species_ is said to be of the _genus_ ("A JAY _is a sort of_ A BIRD,")
--not used before names of the virtues, vices, &c., before limited terms, and before nouns of definite signif. --do. before titles or names mentioned merely as such --do. before a part. not taken as a noun --insertion or omission of, with respect to a comparison or an alternation made with two nouns
--required in the construc. which converts a part. into a verbal noun --_Articles_, what the false synt. of, includes --Ellips. of _article_, shown
--_Articles_, derivation of
--frequently omitted by the poets See also _Definite Article_, and _An, A_
_Articulate_ or _elementary sound_, nature of
_Articulation_, as defined by COMST.; do. by BOLLES --_Articulation_, how differs from pronunciation --the principles of, what they constitute --a good one, what, in the view of COMST.; do., in what consists, according to SHERID.; do. importance of; do., how delivers words
_As_, as subject or object of a verb, _its_ CLASS --with a clause or sentence as anteced., do. _As_, as _relative_, WEBST. absurd explanation of; CHAND. do.; BULL. denial --to what construc. limited
--peculiarities with respect to position --declined
--derivation of, from Teuton., DR. JOH. --_As follow, as follows_, &c., construction of; MURR., himself perplexed by TOOKE and CAMPB., delivers dubious instructions concerning
--Opinion of NIX. and CROMB. concerning. _As_, as a conjunc., uniting words in appos.
--between adj. or part. and its noun ("_Actions_ AS _such_") --with ellips. of latter term of comparison ("_For such_ AS HE") --_As_ and _than_, character and import of --words connected by, generally put in the same case --_As
--as; as
--so; so_ (preceded by a negative,) --_as; so
--as_ (with an infin. following;) correspondents
_Asking_ and _exclaiming_, simple and appropriate _names_ for _the marks of_, desirable
_Aspirates_, see _Semivowels_
_Asterisk_, use of. _Asterism_, do.
_Ate_, particular words ending in, peculiarities of
_Auxiliary_, defined
--_Auxiliary_, form of a verb, when preferable to the simp. --verbs, are mostly defective
--do., are needful in the conjug. of English verbs --do., inflection of, shown
--_Auxiliaries_ used as expletives --_Auxiliary_, poet. placed after verb
_Averse, aversion_, whether to be construed with _from_ or _to_
_Avoiding_, verbs of, with part. in stead of infin.
_Awkwardness, literary_, Crit. N. censuring
_Ay, I_, assentive adv.
--_Ay_, sometimes improp. written for _ah_
B.
B, its name and plur. number
--its sound
--in what situations silent
_Bacchy_, described
BE, how varied
--CONJUGATED, affirmat.
--Use of the form _be_ for the pres. indic. --_Be_, ellips. of the infin. often needlessly supposed by ALLEN _et al._
--whether it should be inserted after the verb _make_ --_Is_, contracted, giving its nom. the same form as that of the poss. case ("_A_ WIT'S _a feather_," &c., POPE)
_Become_, &c., whether they demand the auxiliary _am_ or _have_
_Besides_, prep., in what cases proper to be used after _else_ or _other_, in lieu of _than_
_Between_, cannot refer to more than two things --_Between_ or _betwixt_, how differs in use from _among_ or _amongst_ --_Between, betwixt_, derivation of, from Sax.
_Bible, the Holy_, application of the name --what is shown by Italics in the text of --quotations in, how indicated
--abrupt transitions in
--its general accuracy of lang.
--in the lang. of, _ye_ and _you_, in what constructions not found
_Bid_, as commanding, or as promising, its construction with the infin.
_Blair, Dr._, unjustly censures Addison's frequent use of _that_, as a relative
_Blank verse_, as distinguished from rhyme
_Blunders_, as readily copied, as originated, by makers of school-books --_literary_, Crit. N. concerning
_Bombast_, as opposed to purity, PREC. against _Books_, mentioned by name, rule for capitals
_Both_, as conjunc., corresponding to _and_ --as adj.
--derivation of, acc. to DR. MURR.
_Brace_, its purpose
_Breve_, or _stenotone_, for what used
_Brevity_ of expression, sought in the ordinary business of life
_Brokenness_, or _hitching_, as a fault of style, PREC. censuring
_But, save, as well as_, construc. of two nouns connected by --_But_, how has acquired the signif. of _only_ --in ambiguous construc. ("_There cannot be_ BUT _one_," &c., KAMES) --as used for _that_, contrary to its import --derivation of, from Sax.
--_But_ and _save_, whether they ever govern the obj. case as prepositions
--_Cannot but_, construc. and signif. of --_Not but_, to what equivalent, and the class of _but_
C.
C, name and plur. numb. of
--sounds of
--where silent
--with cedilla placed under (c)
--written for a number
--_Ch_, sounds of
--_Arch_, sound of, before a vowel, and before a conson. --_Ck_, final, for double _c_
_Cadence_, explained
--faulty, precept against, by RIPP. --MURR. direction concerning
_Cadmus_, carried the Phoenician alphabet into Greece
_Caesura_, signif. and application of --_Caesural_ or _divisional pause_; _demi-caesuras_, or _minor rests_; (see _Pauses_)
_Can_, verb, varied
--derivation and signif. of
--_Can not_ and _cannot_, with what distinction used --_Cannot_, with a verb of _avoiding_, or with BUT --_Can, could, would_, as principal verbs, by poet. use
_Capital letters, capitals_, for what used; how marked for the printer, in manuscript
--what things are exhibited wholly in, --Rules for the use of,
--use of, in comp. prop, names,
--needless,
--lavish use of, its effect,
--discrepancies with respect to, abound in books.
_Cardinal numeral_, distinguished from its corresponding ordinal, --should _follow_ the ordinal, in a specification of a part of a series, ("_The first_ TWO,").
_Caret_, in what used, and for what purpose.
_Cases_, in grammar, what,
--named and defined,
--nom. and obj., alike in form, how distinguished, --on what founded, and to what parts of speech belong. --(See _Nominative Case_, &c.)
--_Cases_, whether infinitives, participles, &c., can take the nature of,
--what is the proper number of, to be assigned to Eng. nouns, --what authorities for the true doctrine of three, --discordant doctrine of sundry grammarians concerning the numb, of, --WEBST. and MURR. opposite instructions concerning do. --_Cases_, whether personal pronouns have two, only, --rules for the construc. of,
--whether a noun may be in two, at once, --whether Eng. verbs govern two,
--whether in Eng., as in Lat., when a verb governs two, the pass. retains the latter case.
--_Cases, same_, (see _Same Cases_.) --_Cases_, what kinds of words take different, after them. --_Case_ of noun or pron. after part. governed by prep., whether undetermined; err. of SANB. and BULL. hereon expos.; GREE. false teaching, do.,
--_doubtful_, after participles, in what kind of examples found; canon concerning do.
_Case_, technical term with printers, ("Letters of the _lower case_.")
_Catachresis_, how commonly explained, and what sort of fig.
_Catalectic_, when a measure is said to be.
_Cedilla_, from whom borrowed, and how applied.
_Change_, of numb. in the second pers., ineleg., --of the connective of two nominatives appar. requiring a plur. verb, canon concerning.
--_Changing_ the scene, or deserting the principal subj., in a sent., PREC. against.
_Chaucer's_ imperfect measures, DRYDEN'S remarks on.
_Cherokee_ alphabet, some account of.
_Cherubim_ and _seraphim_, Heb. plurals, sometimes mistaken for singulars.
_Chief terms_, or _principal parts_, of a verb, necessary to be first ascertained.
--_Chief words_ may be distinguished by capitals.
_Circumflex_, inflection, (see _Inflection_,) --mark, use of.
_Classes_ under the parts of speech, what meant by.
_Classification_ of words, explanations to assist beginners in making, --DR. WILSON'S observations on.
_Clause_, see _Member_.
_Climax_, defined.
_Cognomination_, relation of the article, in instances of, ("_Alexander the Great_").
_Collective noun_, defined.
--_Collective nouns_, forms of, sing. and plur.; how understood, --gend. of, how determined,
--by what relative represented.
--_Collec. noun_, represented by plur. pron., --in what two ways may be taken, and with what accord of pron.; the plur. construc. of, under what fig. of synt. ranked by the old grammarians,
--whether with a sing. definitive, admits a plur. verb or pronoun. --_Collec. nouns_ generally admit of plur. form. --_Collect. noun_, represented by sing. pron. neut., --uniformity of numb. to be preserved in words constructed with, --agreem. of verb with,
--how determined whether it conveys the idea of plurality or not, --strictures on the rules of ADAM, LOWTH, _et. al._, concerning, --NIX. notion of the construc. of verb and. --_Coll. nouns_, partitive of plur., construc. of, --as expressing collections of persons, or coll. of things, which most often taken plurally,
--when not plur. in form, whether it admits of plur. adj. before it.
_Colon_, from what takes its name,
--for what used,
--in what year adopted in England, --its utility maintained against some objectors, --Rules for the use of,
--used by some between numb. of chap. and that of verse, in quotations from the Bible.
_Comma_, from what takes its name,
--what denotes,
--less common in Germ. than in Eng., --its ancient form,
--Rules for the use of,
--use of, in a series of words.
_Commanding, desiring, expecting_, &c., verbs of, to what actions or events, refer.
_Commandments_, the ten, how expressed as to _forms_ of verb, --by what points divided in books,
--example of, versified in iamb. hexameter, by DR. WATTS.
_Common gender_, unnecessary and improper term in Eng. gram.
_Common noun_, defined,
--when admits of no art.,
--with def. art. sometimes becomes proper, --by personif. often do.
--_Common nouns_ include the classes, _collective, abstract_, and _verbal_.
--_Common nouns_, their nature and numerical distribution, as distinguished from proper.
_Comparative degree_, defined.
--_Compar. degree_, why BROWN presents a new definit. of, in place of his former one,
--true nature of
--whether always required in a comparison of two objects --with what construc. proper in exclusive comparisons, canon of BROWN --_Comparatives_, certain, not construed with the conjunc. _than_ --double, how to be considered and treated --_Comparative_ terminations, to what adjectives not to be applied --_Compar. degree_ in Gr. and in Lat., construc. of --poet. connected to the positive
_Comparison_, defined
--_Comparison, degrees of_, named and defined --what adjectives admit not of
--CHURCH. on the different, (and BROWN on CHURCH.) --character of BROWN'S definitions of; do. of those of MURR. _et al._, exhibited
--MURR. definitions of, criticised --relative nature of
--_Comparison_, regular
--to what adjectives applicable
--when preferable to the comparison by adverbs --_Comparison_, HARR. on the degrees of; the positive a _degree_ --(in oppos. to HARR. _et al._)
--_Comparison of equality_, what; sometimes involves solec., ("_Nothing_ SO _uncertain_ AS,")
--_Comparison of equality and of ineq._, canon on --_Comparison_, adaptation of the terms of, to the deg. to be expressed --belongs chiefly to comm. adjectives
--_Comparis._, irregular
--_Comparis._, whether to be mentioned in parsing adverbs --inclusive, and exclusive
--_Comparisons, extra_, their impropriety --Crit. N. on, See also _Comparative Degree_, and _Superlative Degree_.
_Comparison_ or _contrast_ of things, the resemblance or opposition how rendered more striking
_Complex prepositions_, how may be formed
_Composite orders_ of verse, what uniformity of construc. they require --_Composite verse_
--description of; why requires rhythm --kinds of, unlimited; which preferable --liable to doubtful scansion
_Composition_, the frequent practice of, necessary, in order to acquire a good style, _Composition_ of language, two kinds of
_Compound_ or _progressive form_ of verb, how made --exemplified in the verb READ, conjugated, what verbs do not admit of; what it implies
--verbs of, having a pass. signif.
_Compound word_, defined, _Compounds_, permanent, consolidated; temporary, formed by hyphen
--_Comp. words_, not to be needlessly broken --two or more, not to be split
--when to be written with hyphen; when without it --_Compounding of words_, unsettled usage respecting; manner of, in Lat. and Gr.; arbitrary practice of, in Eng., its effect --does not necessarily preclude their separate use --propriety of, sometimes difficult to decide --_Compounds_, orthog. of
--_Compounding_ the words of a reg. phrase, its impropriety --_Compound adjectives_, see _Adjectives, Compound_.
_Concord_, (see _Agreement_.)
--_Concords_ and _governments_, examples of false ones from the grammarians
--in Lat., diversely enumerated by the Lat. grammarians
_Concrete _terms for abstract qualities, poet. use of
_Confusion_ of senses, in use of pron., to be avoided
_Conjugation_ of a verb, defined
--what some teachers choose to understand by --Conjugating a verb, four ways of, named --_Conjugation_ of an Eng. verb, what the simplest form of --_Conjug._ of verbs, shown in five Examples --(See also _Compound_ or _Progressive_, &c.) --_Conjugat._ negative, how made, interrogative, do. --interrog. and negative, do.
CONJUNCTIONS, Etymol. of
--_Conjunction_, defined
--_Conjunctions_, how differ from other connectives --nature and office of; R. F. MOTT quot. --nature of the connexions made by
--how many in common use
--how parsed
--as "connecting the same moods, &c.," strictures on the doctrine of MURR. _et al._, concerning
--_Conjunctions_, classes of, named and defined --(See _Copulative Conjunction, Disjunc. Conj._, and _Corresp. Conjunc.)
--Conjunctions_, List of
--appar. used as adverbs
--peculiar phrases having the force of --importance of, as copulative or as disjunctive, to be carefully observed
--_Conjunctions_, Synt. of
--do., in what consists, (MURR. _et al._ teaching erron.) --what connect
--declinable words connected by, why in the same case --power and position of those that connect sentences or clauses --absurd and contradictory notions concerning the office of, by LENN., BULL., _et al._
--two or three coming together, how parsed --_Conjunction_, followed by a phrase, and not a whole member --connecting two terms to one
--do. two terms the same in kind or quality --_Conjunctions_, to be used with due regard to import and idiom --punct. of
--ellips. of, shown
--derivation of
--are mostly of Anglo-Sax. origin --H. TOOKE'S derivations of, given
--poet. usage of _or
--or_, and _nor
--nor_
_Conjunctive adverbs_, what office perform; what classes of words embrace --often relate equally to two verbs in different clauses --list of
--_whence, whither_, &c., sometimes partake of the nature of pronouns _Connected terms_, two, limited by a third, what both must be --should be the same in kind or quality. _Connected_ adjectives, how should be placed. _Connective_ words, or connectives, kinds of, named --do., how may be distinguished
_Consonants_, divisions and subdivisions of --properties of, as _sharp, flat, labial_, &c.
_Construing_, whether differs from parsing
_Continuance_ of action, see _Compound_ or _Progressive_
_Contractions_, in the orthog. and the pronunciation of words --ocular, in printing poetry, not important
_Correlatives_, combinations of, ("_Father's son_,") how to be regarded
_Corresponding_, or _corresponsive conjunctions_, in what manner used --named and exemplified in their several pairs --nature of the terms standing in the relat. of --the former of two, how parsed
--CHURCH. canon on the use of
--_Or_
--_or_, and _nor_
--_nor_, by poet. usage _Crotchets_, or _brackets_, how used --confused and inaccurate teaching of WEBST. _et al._, concerning
_Cum_ with an ablative, Lat., ("_Dux_ CUM _aliquibus_," &c.,) the construc. imitated in Eng.
--canon on do.
_Curves_, or _marks of parenthesis_
--have been in use for centuries
--the use of, not to be discarded --confused teaching of WEBST. _et al._, respecting do. --what used to distinguish
--clause enclosed by, how to be uttered; pause of do. --Rules for the application of
_Customary_ actions require to be expressed by indic. pres.
D.
D, name and plur. numb.
--sounds of
--written for a number
_Dactyl_, defined
_Dactylic verse_
--stress, on what syll. laid; what rhyme it generally forms --is not very common; seldom pure and regular --shown in its eight measures
--has been but little noticed by prosodists and grammarians --misconceived and misrepresented Rev. D. BLAIR
_Dare_, construc. with infin. foll.
--Use of the form DARE for the third pers. sing.
_Dash_, the mark, explanation of
--LOWTH _et al._ make no mention of --Rules for the application of
--_Dash_, needless, how to be treated --between quotation and name of the author --applied to side-title
--used to signify omission
_Dates_, ordinarily abbreviated; how best written --objectives in, without their prepositions
_Dative case_, faulty relic, in Eng., of old Sax., ("_It ascends_ ME _into_," &c., SHAK.)
_Days_ of the week, names of, to be reckoned prop. names, and written with capital
_Deaf and dumb_
--The _deaf and dumb_, to whom the letters represent no sounds, learn to read and write; what inferred herefrom
_Defective verb_, what verb so called --which tenses of, wanting
--_Defective verbs_, whether they should be reckoned a distinct class --_may, can, must_, and _shall_, not to be referred to the class of --_will, beware_, &c., construc. and import of explained --_Defec. verbs_, List of
_Definite article_, defined
--_Definite art._, its demonstrative character --used before names of rivers
--do. by way of eminence
--no rule of agreem. for, in Eng. --prefixed as an adv., to comparatives and superlatives --repeated before every term in a series of adjectives used ellipt. as nouns
--used for a poss. pron., ("_Full in_ THE _face_") --position with respect to its noun
--required before antecedent to a restricted relative. See also _The_
_Definition_, defined
--A _perfect definition_, what
--_Definitions_, needful qualities of certain, in gram. --bad, peculiar vice of
--Crit. N. on
_Definitives_, what, in Eng., and how to be classed --example to show what is meant by
--_Definitive_ word required before antecedent to restricted relative
_Degrees of comparison_, see _Comparison_
_Deity_, names of, use of capitals in --in all languages, masc.; direct names of, do.. The sing. numb, universally employed in reference to the Supreme Being
_Demonstratives_, from the class, pronominal adjectives
_Derivation_, as a topic of gram., what explains --importance of
--a knowledge of what languages will throw light on the subject of Eng.
_Desiring_, verbs of; see _Commanding_
_Desisting_, verbs of; with part., in stead of infin.
_Despauter_, (Despauterius Joannes,) grammarian, when died --his Lat. Gram.
--his remark on the origin of using plur. pron. of second pers. for sing.
--gives the rule that the _verb governs the nominative before it_
_Diaeresis_, or _dialysis_, mark, place and use of --explained
_Diesis_, or _double dagger_, for what purpose used. _Dimeter_, line, _iambic_, examples of
--_trochaic_, do.
--_anapaestic_, do.
--_dactylic_, do.
_Diphthong_, defined
--_Diphthongs_, distinction of
--enumeration and specification of the Eng.
_Discourse_, or _narration_, its nature and requirements
_Disjunctive conjunction_, defined
--_Disjunctives_, List of
--_Disjunctive_ OR, see _Or_
_Distance_, see _Time_, &c.
_Distribution_, of words into classes, a matter of some difficulty; explanations concerning, for learners
--of verbs in Lat., grammarians have disputed respecting
_Distributives_, of the class _pronominal adjectives_ --_Distributive_ term sing. in apposit. with a plur.
_Division, literary_, see _Literary Division_
_Do_, verb, how varied:
--particular uses of
--in what manner may be substituted for an other term
_Double comparatives_ and _double superlatives_, how may be regarded; canon; (LATH. and CHILD)
_Double negatives_, see _Negation_, and _Negatives_
_Doubling_ of the final consonant before additional syll.; not doubling, before do.
--_Double_ letter retained
--_Doubling_, certain letters incline to; others, do not
_Doubtful case_ after a part., in what kind of examples found; the construc. to be avoided
_Drink_, verb, grammarians greatly at variance respecting the pret. and the perf. part. of
_Dual_ number, found in Gr. and in Arab., what denotes
_Duplication_, see _Doubling_
_Du Vivier, G._, his _Grammaire des Grammaires_, and his _Traite des Participes_, a copious treatment of the Fr. participle
E.
E, (as A, O, I, and U,) self-naming: --how spoken and written
--its plur.
--sounds properly its own
--final, mute, and to what belongs; exceptions --effect on preced. vowel, of _e_ mute after a sing. conson., or after _st_, or _th_
--diphthongs beginning with
--triphthongs do.
_Each_, pronom. adj., always of the third pers. sing.; its agreements. _Each other_, see _Other_
_Ecphoneme_, or note of exclamation
--occasional introduction into the classics --diversely called by MURR. _et al._
--for what used, and of what a sign --Rules for the application of
_Ecphonesis_, defined
_Either_ and _neither_, pronom. adjectives, relate to two only --M. HARR. on the illegit. use of
--their numb. and pers.; what agreements they require, when they are the leading words in their clauses
--derivation of, from the Sax.
_Either
--or, neither
--nor_, corresponsives:
--transposed, with repeated disjunction or negat.
_Elegiac stanza_, description of
_Elementary sound_, or _elements of speech_, defined. See _Sounds_
_Ellipsis_, figure defined
--either not defined by grammarians in general, or absurdly defined --frequent in comp. sentences
--to be supplied in parsing
--_supposed_, may change the construc. without affecting the sense --the principle of, as explaining several questionable but customary expressions, ("_Fair and softly_ GOES _far_") --MURR. on "THE _ellipsis_"
--_Ellipsis supplied_, EXAMPLES of --Needless _ellipses_, the supposition of, to be avoided --_Ellipses_, faulty, as opposed to perspicuity, PREC. against. _Ellipsis_, or _suppression_, mark of, how figured, and what used to denote
_Elliptical_ construction of nouns, ("_A horse, a horse_," &c., SHAK.)
_Elocution_, defined
_Else, other_, &c., with _than_, in exclusive comparisons --_Else_ or _other_, sometimes construed with _besides_ --_Else_, derivation of
_Emphasis_, defined:
--comparative view of accent and
--as connected with quantity, MURR. --as affecting accent
--what the guide to a right.
--_Emphatic_ words, not to be multiplied
_Enallage_, defined
--signif. of the Gr. word
--special application of the term --with what other terms synonymous
--the most common forms of, in Eng. --examples of, how differ from solecisms --too much latitude was given to the fig. by Despauter, and by others
_Enallixis_, see _Enallage_
_Ending_ of a sentence with an adv., a prep., or any inconsid. word or phrase, PREC. concerning
_English Grammar_, see _Grammar_
_English language_, some account of its origin --its character
--its simplicity and facility asserted by LOWTH --its chief defect, according to DR. JOH.
_Enumeration_ of numbers, see _Addition_
_Epicene nouns_, see _Generic Names_ _Epithets_, new compound, poets frequently form
_Equivalence_, the argument of, has often led into errors
_Equivocal_, or _ambiguous construc._ of cases, to be avoided --of rel. pron., by misplacement
--of prep. with converted part., how amended --of the word _but_, ("_There cannot be_ BUT _one_," &c.) --of words, leaving the classification doubtful, Crit. N. concerning --_Equiv._, or _ambig_. expressions, as opposed to propriety, PREC. against
_Eroteme_, its form in Greek
--derivation; fitness of the name --diversely called by MURR. _et al_.
--its use
--Rules for do.
--its value as a sign of pause
--retained by a quoted question
_Erotesis_, explained
_Errors, incorrigible_, Crit. N. concerning
ETYMOLOGY
--_Etymol._, of what treats
--when and how should be taught
--_figures of_, term defined; the principal do., named and defined --_Etymology_ and meaning of words, HARRIS on the usefulness of disquisitions into
_Ever_, contrac., _e'er_; so in comp. rel. pronouns --_Ever a one_, contrac. by the comm. people into _e'er a one_ --_Ever_ and _never_, opposite to each other in sense, yet freq. confounded and misapplied; canon on the employment of --_Ever so_, (prop., _everso_,) signif. of --_Ever so wisely_, its propriety determined, against the false phraseology _never so wisely_
--_Ever_, derivation of, from Sax.
_Example_, as used in teaching, meaning of --_Examples_, use of capitals in
_Exception_, noun, and _except_, verb, whether more properly followed by _from_ or by _to_
_Exclamation_, note of, (see _Ecphoneme_) --_Exclamation_, nom. absolute by
--the _case_ of nouns used in
_Exclusive_ and _inclusive terms_ of a comparison
_Exercise_, in grammar, what
_Expecting_, &c., verbs of, see _Commanding_
_Extended_ compositions, gradation of the parts in
F.
F, its name and plur. numb.
--final in monosyllables, to be doubled --formation of the plur. of nouns in, and in _ff_ --its sound
_Fable_, how may be defined
--What the term denotes in the Scriptures
_Fall short of, make bold with_, &c., how the adjective in such phrases is to be explained in parsing
_False identification_, (under synt. of SAME CASES,) Note exposing the error of
_Falsities_ in sentences, Crit. N. directed against
_Feel_, its construc. with the infin.
_Few_ and _many_, form and construc. of. _Fewer_, see _Little_
FIGURES, treated
--_Figure_, in gram., what
--_Figures_, distinctive names of some; frequent occurrence of those of rhetoric
--_Figure of words_, signif. of the term --_Figure of words_, Rules for
--suggestions additional to do.
--unsettled and variable usage in that which relates to --_Figure of orthog._, what; what the principal _figures of_ do. --_Figure of etymol._, what
--_Figures of etymol._, the principal, named and defined --_Figure of synt._, what
--_Figures of synt._, the principal, named and defined --_Figure of rhet._, what
--_Figures of rhet._, why certain are called _tropes_ --on what mostly founded
--the principal, named and defined --affect the agreem. of pronouns with their antecedents --_Figures_, how many BROWN deems it needful to define and illustrate --_Figures_, definitions of sundry, in the lang. of authors, _corrected_, KEY. _Figures_, Arabic, in what cases _pointed_ by some
_Final f, l_, or _s_, in spelling; other finals than, in do. --_ck_ or _c_, use of
--_ll_, to what confined
--_e_ of a primitive, when omitted; when retained --_y_ of a prim. word before a terminat., how managed --_ise_ or _ize_, which termination to be taken --_Finals_, what letters may assume the position of; what may not, and why
_Finite_ verbs, _agreem. of, with subjects_, a principle of Univ. Gram. --Rules concerning
--_Fin. verb_ understood, punct. of _First words_, initial capital to --faulty practice of grammarians with respect to
_Foot, poetic_, see _Poetic Feet_
_Foreign_ words or idioms, unnecessary use of, in opposition to purity
_For_, with _all_, as equivalent to _although_ --_For as much as_, &c., having the nature of conjunctions --_For that_
--_For_, with perf. part., ("FOR _lost_") --with _ever_
--before TO _and infin._
--as introducing its object before an infin.. _For_, conj., _because_, from Sax.; anc. expressed _for that_
_Forever_, or _for ever_, its class
_Former_ and _latter_, nature and applic. of _Forms of letters_, in type or character
--_Forms_ OF VERBS, a knowledge of THE TRUE, nothing more important in gram. than _Forsooth_, signif. and use of
_Friends_, the Society of; their employment, in familiar discourse, of the sing. pron. of the second pers.
--generally neglect to compound their numeral names of the months and days
--their misemployment of _thee_ for _thou_ --their manner of speaking, different from the solemn style --examples of their manner of forming the verb with the pron. _thou_; their simplificat. of the verb
_From_, derivation of, from Sax.
--_From forth, from out_, construc. of, explained --_Off from_, examp. of the use of
_Full_, in permanent compounds, how written; in temporary do., do. --compounds in, (_spoonful, handful_, &c.,) how pluralized
_Future, contingency_, how best expressed
_Future tense_, FIRST, how formed, and what expresses --SECOND, do., do., and how varied
_Futurity_, often denoted by the infin., ("_The world_ TO COME")
G.
G, its name and plur.
--its sounds
--when silent
--_Gh_, sounds of, and silence
_Gardiner, W._, his new analysis of the Eng. alphab., noticed
_Genders_, term defined
--_Genders_, the diff., named and defined --on what founded, and to what belong
--_Gender_, inconsistent views of, as given by many of the grammarians; WELLS and MURR. criticised
--confounded with _sex_ by some writers; others otherwise confuse the matter
--_Common gender_, of the old grammarians, the term objectionable with respect to Eng.
--_Gender_, how in many instances determined --figuratively ascribed, how indicated --denoted by _he_ and _she_ prefixed to nouns --denied by MURR. _et al_. to pronouns of the first and second persons --of pron., the _preference_ of, when joint antecedents are of different genders
_General_ truths and customary actions, to be expressed by the indic. pres.
_Generic_ names, sense and construc. of
"_Genitives, double_," discovered by our grammarians, the true explanation of all such
_Gentile names_, nature and construc. of
_German language_, form of its type
--use of the comma less freq. in, than in Eng.
_Gerund_, Lat., explanation of
--what form of an Eng. participle corresponds to --"Gerund in English," how becomes "a substantive," according to DR. ADAM _et al._, _Gerundives_, what
_Giving, paying, procuring_, &c., verbs of, with ellips. of _to_ or _for_ before the objective of the person
GOVERNMENT, of words, defined
--to what parts of speech has respect --the rules of, whether to be applied to the governing or the governed words
--do., how many in the best Lat. grammars; usual faults in the distribution of these
--_Governments_ in Eng. synt. how many --false, examples of, cited from grammarians
_Grecism_, literal, in Eng., ("_Before Abraham was_, I AM") comp.
GRAMMAR, defined
--An English Grammar, what professes to be --ENGLISH GRAMMAR, what in itself; what knowledge implies --when worthy to be named a science
--_Grammar_, how to be taught, and its principles how made known --the true principles of, in whose possession --_a rule of_, what
--_Grammar_, how divided; its parts, of what severally treat --what it requires
--rightly learned, what ability it confers --what many vain pretenders to, have shown by their works --on questions of, the practice of authors should have more weight than the dogmatism of grammarians. _Grammars of different languages_, how far must needs differ; strictures on those of PROF. BULL., _A grammar designed for English_, the chief end of. _Grammatical doctrine_, the truth of, in what consists
_Granting, supposing_, &c., see _Admitting_
_Grave accent_, as opposed to _acute_ --as preserving the vocality of _e_
_Greek_ alphabet, characters of, shown and named
_Guillemets_, or _quotation points_, what words they distinguish --how applied to a quotation within a quotation --not used in our common Bibles; the defect in what measure relieved
H.
H, its name and plur. numb.
--its sound
--in what words silent
--in what positions do.
--_an_ used formerly before all words beginning with
_Hand_, or _index_, use of
_Handwriting_, script letters in
_Harmonical pauses_, see _Pauses_
_Have_, verb, how varied
--derivation of; with perf. part., import of the tense --_Had_, with _better, rather_, &c., before the infin.
_He_ and _she_, sometimes used as nouns --as prefixed to nouns to denote gend. --whether to be connected by a hyphen to the nouns to which prefixed
_Hear_, with objective, and an infin. without _to_ --with infin. alone, perhaps ellipt, ("_I_ HAVE HEARD TELL") --_Heard_, verb, why irregular
--its pronunc.
_Hebrew_ letters, some account of; names, characters, and significations of --whether they are, or are not, all consonants, long a subject of dispute
--The
_Hebrew_ names for the months, were prop. nouns --_Hebrew_, what pointing adopted in
_Hence, thence, whence_, with _from_ prefixed. "_I'll_ HENCE," see _Adverbs_
_Heptameter_ line, _iambic_, examples of --_trochaic_, do
--_dactylic_, do.
_Here, there, where_, force of, when compounded with prepositions --with verb of motion, perh. allowable for _hither, thither, whither_. _Hereof, thereof, whereof_, placed after nouns, what to be called. _Herein, therein_, &c., their class and nature
_Heroic verse_, see _Pentameter_
_Heterogeneous terms_, in general, two such not to be connected by a conjunc.
_Hexameter_ line, _iambic_, examples of --_trochaic_, do
--_dactylic_, do.
_Hissing_ sounds, concurrence of, in forming the poss. case, how avoided
_Hold_, noun, after _lay, take_, &c., whether preferably construed with _of, on_, or _upon_
_Hoping_, &c., verbs of, see _Commanding_
_How_, after nouns of manner, its nature --not to be used before _that_, or in stead of it --derivation of, from Anglo-Sax.
_Hyperbaton_, explained
--its frequency in poetry; how should be used --is diff. from synchysis
_Hyperbole_, defined
--_Hyperboles_, by what commonly expressed
_Hypermeter_, meaning of, in scansion
_Hyphen_, its uses
--present use in compound names
--Rules for the insertion of, in compounds --signif. of the name
--_Hyphen_, abuse of
--CHURCH, on the use of, in comp. words --in the _figure_ of an adj., with a change of the synt. and sense --necessary with a verbal noun and an adjunct --do. with comp. participles, converted
_Hypobacchy_, or _antibacchy_, defined
I.
I, lett., self-naming; its plur.
--its usual sounds
--diphthongs beginning with; triphth. do., _I_, pron. with cap. lett., _I_, as written for a number. _I_, adv., see _Ay_
_Iambic verse_, treated
--_Iamb. verse_, stress where laid in; effect of a short syll. added to a line of
--shown in its eight measures
--is seldom pure through a long succession of lines --some of its diversifications shown. See also _Dimeter, Trimeter_, &c.
_Iambus_, or _iamb_, defined
_Idea of unity_, and of _plurality_, how formed
_Identity of words_, the principle of, considered --_Identity, proper_, RULE for, ("Same Cases.") _Identification_, false, N. concerning
_Idioms_ or peculiarities of expression, when to be approved or valued
_If_, the Biblical use of, to express an emphat. negation --its derivation from Sax.
_Ignorance, literary_, Crit. N. concerning
_Imagery_, or _Vision_, explained
_Imperative mood_, defined
--_Imperat. mood_, why so called; in what manner applied --its one tense, and the import of do
--its inflection shown in the verb LOVE, conjugated --what nominatives only it takes
--use of, in the Gr. lang.; do., in Lat., Ital., Fr., and Span --may have all the persons and numbers --poet.
_Imperfect tense_, defined
--_Imperf. tense_, the _form_, how far applicable to the Eng. tense so called
--in its simple form is the _preterit_ --in the pot. and subj. moods, an aorist --of the indic. and the subj., how distinguished --of the sub., to express a mere supposition, with indef. time
_Imperfect participle_, or _first part._, defined --its form
--The _first part._, has been variously called --why rightly termed _imperfect participle_ --for what forms of the Lat. gram., stands --is applicable to time pres., past, or fut.; is not always active, even when derived from an act. verb
--may be turned to a multiplicity of uses --appar. put absolute, (_Admitting,
--Allowing_, &c.)
--distinguished, with respect to governm., from a particip. noun --as equivalent to infin. mood; heads of regular equivalence --how compares with the Lat. gerund
--its nature and construc.
_Impersonal verbs_, so called, their peculiarity of use --called _monopersonal_ by some
_Impropriety_ of language, what embraces
_In_ and _into_, difference between; nature of the relation expressed by each; derivation of, from Sax.
_Inclusive_ and _exclusive_ terms of a comparison
_Incorrigible errors_, Crit. N. concerning
_Indefinite article_, see _An, A_ _Indefinite pronouns_, of the class _pronom. adjectives_
_Independent_, see _Absolute_
_Index_, or _hand_, use of
_Indicative mood_, defined
--_Indic. mood_, why so called; its nature and use --use of its pres. tense
--do. of its form of the pluperf. in lieu of the pot. pluperf. --wherein differs characteristically from the subj.; the two moods continually confounded by writers
--_Indic. mood_, format, and inflec. of its tenses shown in the verb LOVE, conjug.
--employed to express a conditional circumstance assumed as a fact
_Inelegance_ of language, see _Awkwardness_.
_Infinitive mood_, defined
--_Infin. mood_, so called in oppos. to the other moods --usually distinguished by the prep. _to_ before it --its _pres._, the ROOT, or radical verb; what _time_ it expresses --archaic form in _en_
--its two tenses shown in the verb LOVE, conjug. --Synt. of
--_Infin. mood_, by what governed; (see _To_:) --true construc. of, explained by the 18th Rule of the Synt. --why simple of solution in Eng.; whether ever governed by a prep, in Fr., Span., or Ital.
--whimsical account of, given by NIX. --how expressed in the Anglo-Sax. of the 11th century --why may not, as some grammarians teach, be | considered a noun --DR. WILS. on the charac. and import of --to what other terms may be connected --what in its nature, and for what things chiefly may stand --taken abstractly, as subject of finite verb --Loose _infinitives_, improp. in precise language --_Infin. mood_, position of
--misplacement of, to be avoided
--distinction of voice in, often disregarded, ("_You are to_ BLAME;") hypercrit. teachings of SANB. and BLAIR hereon --_Infin._, after _bid, dare_, &c., without TO --whether used with TO after _have, help_, and _find_ --_Infin._, BY WHAT _governed_, often imposs. to say, according to the instructions of MURR.
--_Infinitives_ connected, governed by one preposition --_Infinitive_, ellipsis of, after _to_, whether to be approved --sometimes doubtful whether transitive or intransitive --in pause, or in remote dependence, punct. of --poet. placing of
--Greek construc. of, in poetic use
_Inflections_, defined
--rising and falling, explained; do., as applied to questions --_notation_ of, in writing and printing --the rising more numerous than the falling; predominance of the rising in oral lang.; the falling, for what used, COMST. --what kind of rules for, have been given by writers --the rising and the falling, to be used with prop. discrimination; what should determine the direction of --_Inflection_, what constitutes the _circumflex_
_Innovation_ extravagant, into the system of synt. or gram., a particular instance of, noticed
_Inscriptions_ appear best in full capitals
_Instead_, what reckoned, and how best written
_Intending_, &c., verbs of, see _Commanding_.
_Intensive_ nature of comparatives and superlatives, A. MURR.
_Interrogative pronouns_, defined
--what they severally demand
--their use and construc.
--in what differ from relatives
--are always of the third pers.
--declined
--their place in a sentence
--their construc. of cases, to what similar
_Interrogative_ sentences, agreem. of verbs in
INTERJECTIONS, Etymol. of
--_Interjection_, defined
--derivation and signif. of the term; LOWTH'S error in describing the _interjections_
--_Interjections_, numb. of, in common use --List of
--_Interjections_, the frequent use of, an indication of thoughtlessness; expressiveness of some _interjections_ in earnest utterance, &c.
--should be discriminatively used --chief characteristics of; referred to the class of _adverbs_ by the Gr. grammarians
--significant words uttered as, ("_Out! out!_") --appar. taken substantively
--Synt. of
--absolute construc. of
--have no construc. with cases, as in Lat. and Gr. --appar., sometimes connected to other words by a prep., or by _that_ --place of
--punct. of
--ellips. of, shown
--derivation of
--frequency of, in poet. lang.
_Inversion_ of terms, sometimes of advantage, in respect to strength and vivacity of expression.
_Irony_, figure explained
_Is being_, with a perf. part., or the subject of the UNCO-PASSIVE _form of verbs_, canvassed
_Ise_ or _ize_, which of these terminations to be taken in forming derivatives under Deriv. of Verbs
_Ish_, termination, whether it may be accounted a degree of comparison
_It_. its chief use
--declined
--to what creatures may be applied --put for the distance, ("_How far do you call_ IT?" &c., PRIESTL.,) --without definite reference to an anteced. --as explet., and referring to something expressed afterwards; faulty omission of, before verb, in such construc. --had formerly no variation of cases
--its poss. form ITS, for _of it_, of recent origin, and not found in the text of the common Bible
--wrongly excluded by some from the list of pers. pronouns: --its derivation from Sax., traced
_Italic letters, Italics_, some account of --for what purpose used
--how denoted in preparing manuscripts
J.
J, its name and plur. numb.
--why never doubled
--why never ends a word in Eng.
--impropriety of dividing on the letter, in syllabication --sounds of,
_Johnson, Dr. S._, his authority in Eng. orthography
_Joint nominatives_, agreem. of verb with --whether words connected by _with_ can be used as. _Joint antecedents_, agreem. of pron. with
--of different persons, agreem. of verb or pron. with, in ellipt. construc.
_Jumbling_ together of the active voice and the passive, the manner of some --_Jumbling_, senseless, Crit. N. censuring
K.
K, its name and plur.
--in general, not needed in words derived from the learned languages --its sounds
--when silent
--Two Kays standing together
_Kind, sort_, with _these_ or _those_ improp. preceding
L.
L, its name and plur. numb.
--of the class _liquids_
--final, monosyllables ending in
--final double, to what words peculiar --its sound; in what words silent
--where doubled
--written for a number
_Labial_ letters, how articulated
_Language_, the primitive sense of the term, what embraced; signif. of do., as now used
--in opposition to some grammarians, BROWN confines the term to speech and writing
--loose explanations of the word by certain slack thinkers; WEBST. notion of
--SHERID. idea of; KIRKH. wild and contradictory teachings concerning --_Language_, PROPRIETY of, in what consists; IMPROPRIETY of, what embraces
--PRECISION of, in what consists; Precepts concerning its opposites --_Language_, Eng., (see _English Language_) --_Languages_, uniform SERIES OF GRAMMARS for teaching the Eng., Lat., and Gr., that of DR. BULL., noticed
_Lay, pay_, and _say_, how written in the pret. and the perf. part.
_Leading principles_ in the construc. of sentences, in what embraced in the Grammar
_Least parts_ of language, as written, as spoken, &c., what constituents so called
_Legal_ phraseology, in contrast with that of common life
_Less_, improper use of, for _fewer_, ("_No_ LESS _than three dictionaries_," DR. WEBST.)
_Lest_, use of, for THAT, without due regard to its import, ("_I feared_ LEST," &c.)
--derivation of, from Sax.
_Let_, verb, its construc, with an infin. following
LETTERS, in the Eng. alphabet, numb. of, and numb. of sounds which they represent
--a knowledge of, in what consists --infinite variety in, yet the letters always THE SAME --different sorts of types, or styles of, used in Eng. --names of, in Eng.; do., sing, and plur. --Classes of, named and defined
--_powers_ of
--the JUST POWERS of, (see _Power_) --Forms of, and their distinctions, in the Eng. lang. --different sorts of, to be kept distinct --slanting strokes of the Roman, described --_Italic_, chief use of
--_capital_, employment of
--_small_, do.
--_Letters_, history of
--the names of, are words of a peculiar kind --the names and powers of, not always identical --general neglect of learning to write the names of, in Eng. --importance of learning to write do.
--erron. teaching with respect to certain names of --_Letters_ of the Heb. alphabet given, with their names, and the significations of do.
--of the Gr. alphabet, with their names --of the Lat. alphab., their names nearly lost --of do., as now printed
--_Letters_, the twenty-six, possible combinations and mutations of --of the alphab., _read by their names_, how taken --do., written _for numbers_, what their nature; omission of _period_ after such letters
--DAY'S account of do.
--_Letters_, the SOUNDS of, treated --_Letters_, the small, period of their adoption --used for references
--_Letter_, definition of
--_Letter_, the sound of, called its POWER; yet its _power_ not necessarily identified with its _sound_ --A _letter_, in what consists _Like, near, nigh_, appar., prepositions; why _not placed_ by BROWN with the prep. _Lily, W._, grammarian, his arrangement of Lat. syntax
_Lines, poetic_, technical denominations of
_Liquids_, what letters so called
_Literary division_ of a work, common order of, downwards, and throughout; but all literary works not thus divided. _Literary blunders_, Crit. N. concerning
--_awkwardness_, do.
--_ignorance_, do.
--_silliness_, do.
_Little, lesser, less_, different uses and import of --_Little, much_, &c., preceded by _not, too_, or other such adv., how taken
--_Less_, improp. used as an adj. of number; does not signify _fewer_; not to be used in the sense of do.
--_Less, least_, adv., to be parsed separately, in the comparison of adjectives and adverbs
LOVE, verb active-trans., CONJUGATED _affirmatively_ --BE LOVED, pass., do.
--LOVE, conjug. negatively
--do., interrogatively
--do., interrogatively and negatively
_Low_ and provincial expressions, use of, as opp. to purity, PREC. against
_Ly_, most common terminal of Eng. adverbs; added to nouns to form adjectives
(I,) u; 1055, b; 1053, L:
--when adverbs ending in, are preferable to those of other forms.
M.
M, its name and plur. numb.,
--of the class _liquids_,
--its sounds,
--when silent,
--as written for a number.
_Macron_, or _macrotone_, mark, its use.
_Make_, verb, whether _to_ should be suppressed, and _be_, inserted, after, ("MAKE _yourself_ BE _heard_," BLAIR,)
--its construc. with infin. following.
_Man_ and _woman_, comp. nouns in, (_man-servant, woman-servant_, &c.,) how pluralized.
_Many a_, with noun sing. represented by a plur. pronoun.
_Marks_, or _points_, used in literary composition, the principal; occasional. See _Punctuation_.
_May_, verb, how varied,
--derivation and uses of.
_Mean, means_, use and construc. of.
_Measure_, &c., see _Time. Measure, poetical_, see _Verse_.
_Melody_ or beauty of a sentence, words necessary to, rarely to be omitted.
_Member_, or _clause_, defined.
--_Memb_. and _clause_, generally used as synonymous, are discriminated by some,
--_Clause_ and _phrase_, confounded by some, --_Members_, simple, of a sent., punct. of, --complex, do., do.,
--_Members_ of a sentence, arrangem. of, as affecting STRENGTH.
_Metaphor_, defined,
--what commonly understood to be, --agreem. of pron. with antecedent in cases of.
_Methinks_, explanation of; the lexicographers on the word.
_Metonymy_, defined,
--_Meton._, on what founded,
--agreem. of pron. with its antecedent, in cases of.
_Metres_, more found in actual use, than those acknowledged in the ordinary schemes of prosody. _Metre_, see _Verse_.
_Milton_, MURR. proposed amendment of the "unintelligible" language of a certain passage of, criticised,
--double solec. in a pass, of, noticed, --his poem, _L'Allegro_, what its versificat.; what the management of the orders of its verse,
--do., _Il Penseroso_, what its extent and construction.
_Miss_ or _Misses, Mr_. or _Messrs._, what the proper applicat. of, when _name and title_ are to be used together, in a plur. sense.
_Mistaken, to be_, irregularity of the verb; its import as applied to persons, and as applied to things.
_Mimesis_, explained; droll examples of.
_Minus, plus, versus, via_, Lat., use of, in Eng., in partic. constructions.
_Mixing_ of synt. with etymol., the manner of INGERS., KIRKH., _et al._, censured. _Mixture_ of the _forms_ of style, inelegance of.
_Modifications_, defined,
--sense of the term as employed by BROWN.
_Moloss_, defined.
_Monometer_, scarcely constitutes a line, yet is sometimes so placed. --_Monometer_ line, _iambic_, examples of, --_trochaic_, do.,
--_anapestic_, do.,
--_dactylic_, an examp. of.
_Monopersonal_ verbs, see _Impersonal Verbs_.
_Monotone_, what, and how produced in elocution.
_Months and days_, names of, appar. proper names, and require capitals, --how best expressed in literary compositions.
_Moods_ of a verb, term defined,
--the five, named and defined,
--_Mood_, or MODE, the name. See _Infinitive Mood, Indic. Mood_, &c.
_More_ and _most_, in ambiguous construction, ("_Some people_ MORE _than them_," MURR.,)
--how parsed in comparisons of adjectives and adverbs.
_Moses_, in what characters, is supposed to have written.
_Most_, for _almost_, by vulgarism.
_Motion_, verbs of, with _hither_, &c., in stead of _here_.
_Much, little, all_, &c., as nouns, --preceded by _not, too_, or other such adv., --_This much_, in stead of _thus much_, DR. BLAIR.
_Mulkey, W._, strictures on his system of orthoepy.
_Multiplication_, subject of the verb in, see _Abstract Numbers_.
_Multiplicative_ numerals, as running on in a series; how written above decuple or tenfold.
_Multitude_, noun of, see _Collective Noun_.
_Mute_ or _silent_, epithet applied to what letters. --_Mutes_, what so reckoned; of these, which imperfect. --Where a letter must be _once mute_.
_My_ and _mine, thy_ and _thine_, as duplicate forms of the poss. case, use of.
N.
N, its name and plur. numb.,
--of the class _liquids_,
--its sounds,
--in what position silent.
_Name and title_, see _Proper Names_.
_Naming_ the letters of the alphab., importance of.
_Narration_, see _Discourse_.
_Nasals_, what consonants so called.
_Near_ and _nigh_, see _Like_.
_Need_, as an uninflected third pers. sing. of the verb, --has perh. become an _auxiliary_ of the pot. mood, --to what tenses must be understood to belong, if to be recognized as an auxil. of the pot. mood,
--that good writers sometimes inflect the verb, and sometimes do not, and that they sometimes use _to_ after it, and sometimes do not, how may be accounted for
--three _authorized_ forms of expression, with respect to the verb. _Needs_, as an adv., its composition
_Needless_, mixing of characters in printing, bad effect of --capitals; effect of
--articles, to be omitted
--ellipses, the supposition of, a common error among grammarians --use of participles for nouns, or nouns for participles --words, ineleg.
--possessive or art. before a part., how corrected --periods, or other points, after certain numeral expressions --abbreviations, offend against taste
--dashes inserted, how to be treated
_Negation_, expressed in the early Eng. by multiplied negatives; such manner of expression now obsolete and improper --Effect on a _negation_, of two negatives in the same clause
_Negatives_, the comm. rule of the grammars, that "two negatives, in Eng., destroy each other, or &c.," whether a correct one
_Neither_, see _Either_
_Neuter verb_, defined
--_Neuter verbs_, the _active-trans_. verbs are so called in most grammars and dictionaries; the absurdity of this --extent of this class of verbs; their existence in any lang. denied by some grammarians
--Neut. verb BE, conjugated
--_Neuter verbs_, made from active-transitives, (_am come, is gone_, &c.;) these called by some, "neuter passives" --of passive form, (_am grown, are flown_, &c.,) as errors of conjugat., or of synt.
--do., how may be distinguished from pass. verbs --do., DR. PRIESTL. mistaken notions concerning their nature and propriety
--_Neut. verbs_, and their participles, take the same case after as before them
--_Neuter verb_ between two nominatives, its agreem.
_Nevertheless_, its composition and class
_No_ or _none_, pronom. adj. _No_, as negative adj., "remarkable ambiguity in the use of," noticed by PRIESTL., ("_No laws are better than the English_;") how the ambiguity may be avoided --as a simple negation, its construc.
--as an adv. of deg., relating only to comparatives, ("NO _more_," --"NO _better_")
--set before a noun, is an adj., corresponding to Lat. _nullus_ --In the phrases, _no longer, no more, no where_, DR. JOH. appar. suggests wrongly the class; its true class according to its several relations
--_No_, or an other independent negative, _repeated_, its effect --_No_, adv., not to be used with reference to a verb or part. --derivation of, from Anglo-Sax.
_Nominative case_, defined
--_Nom. case_, how distinguished from the objective in nouns --as subj. of a finite verb
--different ways of using
--_Nominative_ and verb, usual position of, and when varied --_Nom. case_ and _object._, at the same time, noun placed in the relation of
--_Nom_. following a verb or part, with what must accord in signif. See also _Subject_, &c.
_Nominative sentences_, examples of what MURR. erron. so terms; the prop. construc. shown
_Nor_, see _Or_.
_Not_, its place in negative questions --how spoken in grave discourse, and how ordinarily --vulg. contractions of, with certain verbs --used with other negatives
--do. with _nor_ (in stead of _or_) following, whether correctly, or not
--derivation of, from Anglo-Sax. _Not but_, how resolved. _Not only, not merely_, to what are correspondents
_Notwithstanding_, import and construc. of; misunderstood by DR. WEBST. --formation and signif. of
NOUNS, Etymol. of
--_Noun_, defined
--_Nouns_, Classes of, named and defined --Modifications of, named
--Persons of, named and defined; (see _Persons_) --Numbers of, do.; (see _Plural Number_) --Genders of, do.; (see _Genders_)
--Cases of, do.; (see _Cases_)
--Declension of
--_Nouns_, number of, in Eng.
--the sense of, how made indefinitely partitive --examples of words commonly belonging to other classes, used as --_collective, abstract_, and _verbal_ or _participial_, included among common nouns; (see _Collective Noun_, and _Particip. Noun_) --proper, (see _Proper Names_)
--_Nouns_, Synt. of
--_Noun_, why may not be put in the relation of two cases at once --taken figuratively sing. for literally plur. --required to be repeated, or inserted, in stead of a pronoun --ellips. of, shown
--_Nouns_ of _time, measure, distance_, &c., (see _Time_) --_Nouns_, derivation of, from nouns, adjectives, verbs, or participles --poet. peculiarities of
_Numbers_, the distinction of, to what belongs, and how applied. (See _Plural Number_.) _Numbers_, cardinal, ordinal, &c., (see _Cardinal Numbers_, &c.)
--_Numbers_, abstract, expressions of multiplication in, ("_Twice one_ IS _two_,"
--"_Twice two_ ARE _four_," &c.,) seven different opinions of grammarians respecting, examined by BROWN; who determines the prop. forms of expression
--_Numbers_, expressed by letters, how to be considered; whether to be marked by the period
--combined arithmetical, one adjective relating to an other
_Numerals, numeral adjectives_, see _Adjectives, Numeral_. _Numerical figures_ used for references
O.
O, lett., as A, E, I, and U, self-naming --its plural
--formation of the plur. of nouns in --sounds properly its own
--where sounded as short _u_
--do. as obscure _e_
--diphthongs beginning with
--triphth. do. _O_, interj., with cap. lett. --what emotion indicates
--differs from _oh_
--as denoting earnestness, before nouns or pronouns put absol. by direct address; is no positive index of the vocative --_O_, &c., MURR., erron. doctrine concerning, to what teaching it has given rise
--_O_, &c., with a case following, Lat. construc. of, examined --_O_, not unfreq. confounded with _oh_, even by grammarians.
_Obelisk_, or _dagger_, as mark of reference.
_Objective case_, defined
--_Obj. case_, how distinguished from the _nom._ in nouns --before the infin. mood, how taken in Eng. --as governed by active-trans. verb or part. --"Active verbs govern the _obj. case_," MURR., defect of this brief assertion; its uselessness as a RULE for "the syntax of verbs." --_Obj. case_, of how many constructions susceptible --whether infinitives, participles, &c., can be in --two nouns in, after a verb, how parsed, --Whether any verb in Eng. governs _two objectives_ not coupled --_Obj. case_ as governed by passive verbs, erron. allowed by some --what verbs not to be employed without --_Obj. case_ as governed by prep.
--"Prepositions gov. the _obj. case_," why the brief assertion is exceptionable, as the sole RULE, in parsing prep.
_Obsolete_ or antiquated words, use of, as opposed to purity, PREC. against --_Things obsolete_ in Eng., DR. LATHAM'S attempts to revive.
_Ocean_, figurative representation of, as uttering his voice in tones of varied quantity.
_Octometer_ line, may be reduced to tetrameter --iambic, examples of
--_trochaic_, do
--dactylic, example of
--_Octometer_, trochaic, rhyme and termination of; its pauses, and how may be divided; the most common form of.
_Of_ and _on_ or _upon_, difference between.
_Old English_, characters of its alphabet, shown --occasional use of do.
_Omissions_ of words that are needful to the sense, Crit. N. against.
_Omitting_, verbs of, with part. in stead of infin.
_One_, employment of, as a noun or as a substitute for a noun; how classed by some grammarians
--may be preceded by the articles, or by adjectives --like Fr. _on_ or _l'on_, used indef. for any person; in this sense preferable to a _pers._ pron. applied indefinitely --CHURCH., citation ridiculing the too frequent use of, for pers. pron. --as pronom. adj., requires verb and pron. in the third pers. sing. to agree with it. _One an other_, see _Other. One_, or _a unit_, whether it is a _number_.
_Only_, derivation of; class and meaning of, in its several different relations
--strictures on the instructions of grammarians respecting the classification and placing of
--ambiguous use of, (as also of _but_,) --use of, for _but_, or _except that_, not approved of by BROWN --_Not only, not merely
--but_, &c., correspondents.
_Onomatopoeia_ described and exemplified (extr. from SWIFT.)
_Or_, as expressing an alternation of terms, (Lat., _sive_.) --in Eng., is frequently equivocal; the ambiguity how avoided --_Or_, perh. contracted from _other_
--_Or_ and _nor_ discriminated
--_Or, nor_, grammarians dispute which of these words should be adopted after an other negative than _neither_ or _nor_; MURR., following PRIESTL., teaches that either word may be used with equal propriety; BURN'S doctrine; BROWN, after revising CHURCH., attempts to settle the question,
--_Or ever_, ("OR EVER _the earth was_,") the term explained.
_Or_ or _our_, terminat., number of Eng. words in; how many of these may be written with _our_; BROWN'S practice and views in respect to this matter.
_Oral_ spelling, the advantage of, to learners.
_Order_ of things or events, the natural, PREC. directing the observance of, in the use of lang.
_Orders of verse_, see _Verse_.
_Ordinal_ numeral, (see _Numerals._)
--_Ordinal_ adjectives may qualify card. numbers; cannot properly be _qualified by_ do.
_Orthoepy_, see _Pronunciation_.
ORTHOGRAPHY
--_Orthography_, of what treats
--difficulties attending it in Eng. --DR. JOHNSON'S improvements in
--DR. WEBSTER'S do., in a different direction --ignorance of, with respect to any word used, what betokens in the user (See also _Spelling._) _Orthography_, figures of, MIMESIS and ARCHAISM
--its substantive or pronominal character; (with _one._) how classed by some; may be preceded by the articles --requires _than_ before the latter term of an exclusive comparison; yet sometimes perhaps better takes the prep. _besides. Each other one an other_, import and just application of, --misapplication of, frequent in books, --DR. WEBST. erron. explanation of _other_, as "a correlative to _each_,"
--_One_ and _other_, frequently used as terms relative and partitive, appar. demanding a plur. form,
--_An other_, in stead of _another_. _Somehow_ or _other, somewhere_ or _other_, how _other_ is to be disposed of.
_Ought_, principal verb, and not auxiliary, as called by MURR. _et al._, --originally part of the verb _to_ OWE; now used as defec. verb, --its tense, as limited by the infin. which follows.
_Ourself_, anomalous form peculiar to the regal style, --peculiar construc. of.
_Own_, its origin and import; its class and construc., --strangely called a _noun_ by DR. JOH.
P.
P, its name and plur. numb.,
--its sound,
--when silent,
--_Ph_, its sounds.
_Pairs_, words in, punct. of.
_Palatals_, what consonants so called.
_Parables_, in the Scriptures, see _Allegory_.
_Paragoge_, explained.
_Paragraph_ mark, for what used.
_Paralipsis_, or _apophasis_, explained.
_Parallels_, as marks of reference.
_Parenthesis_, signif. and twofold application of the term, --_Parenthesis_, marks of, (see _Curves_.) --What clause to be inclosed within the curves as a PARENTHESIS, and what should be its punct.,
--_Parentheses_, the introduction of, as affecting unity.
_Parsing_, defined.
--_Parsing_, its relation to grammar, --what must be considered in,
--the distinction between etymological and syntactical, to be maintained, against KIRKH. _et al._,
--character of the forms of etymological adopted by BROWN, --what implied in the right performance of, --whether different from analysis,
--what to be supplied in.
--_Parsing_, of a prep., how performed, --of a phrase, implies its separation, --the RULES OF GOVERNM., how to be applied in, --of words, is not varied by mere transposition. --_Parsing_, etymological and syntactical, in what order to be taken, --the SENSE, why necessary to be observed in; what required of the pupil in syntactical,
--syntactical, EXAMPLE of.
--_Parsing_ or CORRECTING, which exercise perh. the more useful.
_Participial adjectives_, see _Adjectives, Participial_.
_Participial_ or _verbal noun_, defined, --how distinguished from the participle. --_Participial noun_ and participle, the distinction between, ill preserved by MURR. and his amenders.
--_Participial noun_, distinc. of VOICE in, sometimes disregarded, ("_The day of my_ BURYING,")
--_with_ INFIN. _following_, strictures on MURR., LENN., and BULL., with respect to examples of.
PARTICIPLES, Etymol. of.
--_Participle_, defined.
--_Participles_, whether they ought to be called verbs, --appropriate _naming_ of the kinds of, --often become adjectives,
--become adjectives by composition with something not belonging to the verb,
--number of, simp. and comp.,
--imply _time_, but do not divide it, --retain the _essential_ meaning of their verbs, but differ from them in the _formal_,
--in Eng., from what derived,
--H. TOOKE'S view of the time of; with whom BROWN differs. --_Participles_, Classes of, named and defined, --(See _Imperfect Participle_ and _Perfect Part_.) --_Participles_, grammarians differ in their opinion with respect to the time and voice of,
--how have been called and treated by some, --explanation of the different,
--how distinguished from particip. nouns, --elegantly taken as plur. nouns, ("_All his_ REDEEMED,") --appar. used for adverbs,
--some become prepositions.
--_Participle_ and ADJUNCTS, as forming "one name," and as such, _governing the poss._, whence the doctrine; PRIESTL. criticised; MURR. _et al_. adopt PRIESTL. doctrine, which they badly sustain; teachers of do. disagree among themselves, --governm. of possessives by, how BROWN generally disposes of; how determines with respect to such governm. --_Participles_, Synt. of,
--regular synt. of, twofold; nature of the two constructions; OTHER _less regular_ constructions; which two constructions of all, are legitimate uses of the participle; which constructions are of doubtf. propriety.
--_Participles_, to what RELATE, or in what state GOVERNED. --_Participle_, as relating to a phrase or sentence, --taken abstractly,
--irregularly used in Eng. as substitute for infin. mood, --in irreg. and mixed construc.
--_Participle_, transitive, what case governs, --nom. absol. with, to what equivalent, --each requires its appropriate FORM,
--questionable uses of, admitted by MURR. _et al_.; why BROWN is disposed to condemn these irregularities. --_Participle_ and particip. noun, distinction between, with respect to governm.
--_Participle_ in _ing_, multiplied uses of, lawful and forced, illustrated,
--equivalence of do. to infin. mood, instances of, --every mixed construc. of, how regarded by BROWN, --the "double nature" of, CROMB. on; his views, how accord with those of MURR. _et al._, HILEY'S treatment of; BROWN'S strictures on do. --_Participles_, place of:
--active, governm. of.
--_Participle_, trans., converted to a noun: --converted, _when_ the expression should be changed: --followed by an adj., its conversion into a noun appar. improper: --comp. converted, how managed:
--not to be used for infin., or other more appropriate term: --use of, for a nominative after _be, is, was_, &c., faulty: --following a verb of _preventing_, how to be managed. --_Participles_, converted, disposal of their adverbs: --must be construed with a regard to the leading word in sense: --should have a clear reference to their subjects: --needless use of, for nouns, to be avoided: --punct. of:
--derivation of:
--poet. peculiarities in the use of.
_Parts of speech_, meaning of the term: --_Parts of speech_, named and defined: --what explanations may aid learners to distinguish the different: --why needful that learners be early taught to make for themselves the prop. distribution of:
--WILS. on the distribution of:
--the preferable _number_ with respect to; the office of, specifically stated.
--The _parts of speech_, passage exemplifying all. --Examples of a partic. _part of speech_ accumulated in a sentence. --Etymol. and Synt. of the different _parts of speech_, see _Article, Noun, Adjective_, &c.
_Passions_ of the mind, by what tones to be expressed.
_Passive verb_, defined.
--_Pass. verbs_ contrasted with active-trans, verbs, in respect to the object or the agent of the action; their compos, and construc.: --their FORM in Eng.
--_Pass. verb_ BE LOVED, conjug. affirmatively. --_Pass. verbs_, how distinguished from neuters of the same form: --having active forms nearly equivalent to them, (_is rejoiced, rejoices_; _am resolved, know_, &c.,): --erroneously allowed by some to govern the obj. case in Eng.; CROMB. in this category, cited, canon, pseudo-canons.