languages which admit but two genders, all nouns are either masculine or feminine, even though they designate beings _that_ are neither male _nor_ female.”–_Id._ “It is called _Verb_ or _Word_ by way of eminence, because it is the most essential word in a sentence, _and one_ without which the other parts of speech _cannot_ form _any_ complete sense.”–_Gould cor._ “The sentence will consist of two members, _and these will_ commonly _be_ separated from _each_ other by a comma.”–_Jamieson cor._ “Loud and soft in speaking _are_ like the _forte_ and _piano_ in music; _they_ only _refer_ to the different degrees of force used in the same key: whereas high and low imply a change of key.”–_Sheridan cor._ “They are chiefly three: the acquisition of knowledge; the assisting _of_ the memory to treasure up this knowledge; _and_ the communicating _of_ it to others.”–_Id._
“_This_ kind of knaves I know, _who_ in this plainness Harbour more craft, and _hide_ corrupter ends, Than twenty silly ducking observants.”–_Shak. cor._
LESSON XVII.–MANY ERRORS.
“A man will be forgiven, even _for_ great errors, _committed_ in a foreign language; but, in _the use he makes of_ his own, even the least slips are justly _pointed out_ and ridiculed.”–_Amer. Chesterfield cor._ “LET expresses _not only_ permission, but _entreaty, exhortation, and command_.”–_Lowth cor._; also _Murray, et al._ “That death which is our leaving _of_ this world, is nothing else _than the putting-off of_ these bodies.”–_Sherlock cor._ “They differ from the saints recorded _in either_ the Old _or the_ New _Testament_.”–_Newton cor._ “The nature of relation, _therefore_, consists in the referring or comparing _of_ two things to _each_ other; from which comparison, one or both _come_ to be denominated.”–_Locke cor._ “It is not credible, that there _is_ any one who will say, that _through_ the whole course of _his life he_ has kept _himself entirely_ undefiled, _without_ the least spot or stain of sin.”–_Witsius cor._ “If _to act_ conformably to the will of our Creator,–if _to promote_ the welfare of mankind around us,–if _to secure_ our own happiness, _is an object_ of the highest moment; then are we loudly called upon to cultivate and extend the great interests of religion and virtue.” Or: “If, to act conformably to the will of our Creator, to promote the welfare of mankind around us, _and_ to secure our own happiness, _are objects_ of the highest moment; then,” &c.–_Murray et al. cor._ “The verb being in the plural number, it is supposed, that _the officer and his guard are joint agents. But this_ is not the case: the only nominative to the verb is ‘_officer_.’ In the expression, ‘_with his guard_,’ the _noun ‘guard’ is_ in the objective case, _being_ governed by the preposition _with_; and _consequently it_ cannot form the nominative, or any part of it. The prominent subject _for the agreement_, the true nominative _to_ the verb, _or the term_ to which the verb peculiarly refers, is the _word ‘officer.’_”–_L. Murray cor._ “This is _an other_ use, that, in my opinion, contributes to make a man learned _rather_ than wise; and is _incapable_ of pleasing _either_ the understanding or _the_ imagination.”–_Addison cor._ “The work is a dull performance; and is _incapable_ of pleasing _either_ the understanding _or_ the imagination.”–_L. Murray cor._ “I would recommend the ‘Elements of English Grammar,’ by Mr. Frost. _The_ plan _of this little work is similar to that of Mr. L. Murray’s smallest Grammar_; but, _in order_ to meet the understanding of children, _its_ definitions and language _are_ simplified, _so_ far as the nature of the subject will admit. It also embraces more examples _for_ Parsing, than _are_ usual in elementary treatises.”–_S. R. Hall cor._ “More rain falls in the first two summer months, than in the first two _months_ of winter; but _what falls_, makes a much greater show upon the earth, in _winter_ than in _summer_, because there is a much slower evaporation.”–_L. Murray cor._ “They often contribute also to _render_ some persons prosperous, though wicked; and, _what_ is still worse, to _reward_ some actions, though vicious; and _punish_ other actions, though virtuous.”–_Bp. Butler cor._ “Hence, to such a man, _arise_ naturally a secret satisfaction, _a_ sense of security, and _an_ implicit hope of somewhat further.”–_Id._ “So much for the third and last cause of illusion, that was _noticed above; which arises_ from the abuse of very general and abstract terms; _and_ which is the principal source of the _abundant_ nonsense that _has_ been vented by metaphysicians, mystagogues, and theologians.”–_Campbell cor._ “As to those animals _which are_ less common, or _which_, on account of the places they inhabit, fall less under our observation, as fishes and birds, or _which_ their diminutive size removes still further from our observation, we generally, in English, employ a single noun to designate both genders, _the_ masculine and _the_ feminine.”–_Fosdick cor._ “Adjectives may always be distinguished by their _relation to other words: they express_ the quality, condition, _or number_, of whatever _things are_ mentioned.”–_Emmons cor._ “_An_ adverb _is_ a word added to a verb, _a_ participle, _an_ adjective, or _an_ other adverb; _and generally expresses time, place, degree, or manner_.”–_Brown’s Inst._, p. 29. “The _joining-together of_ two objects, _so_ grand, and the representing _of_ them both, as subject at one moment to the command of God, _produce_ a noble effect.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “Twisted columns, for instance, are undoubtedly ornamental; but, as they have an appearance of weakness, they displease _the eye, whenever_ they are _used_ to support any _massy_ part of a building, _or what_ seems to require a more substantial prop.”–_Id._ “_In_ a vast number of inscriptions, some upon rocks, some upon stones of a defined shape, is found an Alphabet different from the _Greeks’, the Latins’_, and _the Hebrews’_, and also unlike that of any modern nation.”–_W. C. Fowler cor._
LESSON XVIII.–MANY ERRORS.
“The empire of Blefuscu is an island situated on the northeast side of Lilliput, from _which_ it is parted by a channel of _only_ 800 yards _in width_.”–_Swift and Kames cor._ “The nominative case usually _denotes_ the agent or doer; and _any noun or pronoun which is_ the subject of a _finite_ verb, _is always in this case_.”–_R. C. Smith cor._ “There _are, in_ his allegorical personages, an originality, _a_ richness, and _a_ variety, which almost _vie_ with the splendours of the ancient mythology.”–_Hazlitt cor._ “As neither the Jewish nor _the_ Christian revelation _has_ been universal, and as _each has_ been afforded to a greater or _a_ less part of the world at different times; so likewise, at different times, both revelations have had different degrees of evidence.”–_Bp. Butler cor._ “Thus we see, that, _to kill_ a man with a sword, _and to kill one_ with a hatchet, are looked upon as no distinct species of action; but, if the point of the sword first enter the body, _the action_ passes for a distinct species, called _stabbing_.”–_Locke cor._ “If a soul sin, and commit a trespass against the Lord, and lie unto his neighbour _concerning_ that which was delivered him to keep, or _deceive_ his neighbour, or _find_ that which was lost, and _lie_ concerning it, and _swear_ falsely; in any of all these that a man doeth, sinning therein, then it shall be,” &c.–_Bible cor._ “As, _to do_ and _teach_ the commandments of God, is the great proof of virtue; so, _to break_ them, and _to teach_ others to break them, _are_ the great _proofs_ of vice.”–_Wayland cor._ “The latter simile, _in_ Pope’s terrific maltreatment of _it_, is true _neither_ to _the_ mind _nor to the_ eye.”–_Coleridge cor._ “And the two brothers were seen, transported with rage and fury, like Eteocles and Polynices, _each endeavouring_ to plunge _his sword_ into _the other’s heart_, and to assure _himself_ of the throne by the death of _his_ rival.”–_Goldsmith cor._ “Is it not plain, therefore, that neither the castle, _nor_ the planet, nor the cloud, which you _here_ see, _is that_ real _one_ which you suppose _to_ exist at a distance?”–_Berkley cor._ “I have often wondered, how it comes to pass, that every body should love _himself_ best, and yet value _his neighbours’_ opinion about _himself_ more than _his_ own.”–_Collier cor._ “Virtue, ([Greek: Aretae], _Virtus_,) as well as most of its species, _when sex is figuratively ascribed to it, is made_ feminine, perhaps from _its_ beauty and amiable appearance.”–_Harris cor._ “Virtue, with most of its species, is _made_ feminine _when personified_; and so is Vice, _perhaps_ for being Virtue’s opposite.”–_Brit. Gram. cor._; also _Buchanan_. “From this deduction, _it_ may _easily_ be seen, how it comes to pass, that personification makes so great a figure in all compositions _in which_ imagination or passion _has_ any concern.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “An Article is a word _placed before a noun_, to point _it_ out _as such_, and to show how far _its_ signification extends.”–_Folker cor._ “All men have certain natural, essential, and inherent rights;–among which are the _rights of_ enjoying and defending life and liberty; _of_ acquiring, possessing, and protecting property; and, in a word, of seeking and obtaining happiness.”–_Const. of N. H. cor._ “From _those_ grammarians who form their ideas and make their decisions, respecting this part of English grammar, _from_ the principles and construction of _other_ languages,–_of languages_ which do not in these points _accord with_ our own, but _which_ differ considerably from it,–we may naturally expect grammatical schemes that _will be neither_ perspicuous nor consistent, and _that_ will tend _rather_ to perplex than _to_ inform the learner.”–_Murray and Hall cor. “Indeed_ there are but very few who know how to be idle and innocent, or _who_ have a relish _for_ any pleasures that are not criminal; every diversion _which the majority_ take, is at the expense of some one virtue or _other_, and their very first step out of business is into vice or folly.”–_Addison cor._
“Hail, holy Love! thou _bliss_ that _sumst_ all bliss! _Giv’st_ and _receiv’st_ all bliss; fullest when most Thou _giv’st_; spring-head of all felicity!”–_Pollok cor._
CHAPTER XIII–GENERAL RULE.
CORRECTIONS UNDER THE GENERAL RULE.
LESSON I.–ARTICLES.
(1.) “_The_ article is a part of speech placed before nouns.” Or thus: “_An_ article is a _word_ placed before nouns.”–_Comly cor._ (2.) “_The_ article is a part of speech used to limit nouns.”–_Gilbert cor._ (3.) “An article is a _word_ set before nouns to fix their vague signification.”–_Ash cor._ (4.) “_The_ adjective is a part of speech used to describe _something named by a_ noun.”–_Gilbert cor._ (5.) “A pronoun is a _word_ used _in stead_ of a noun.”–_Id. and Weld cor.: Inst._, p. 45. (6.) “_The_ pronoun is a part of speech which is often used _in stead_ of a noun.”–_Brit. Gram. and Buchanan cor._ (7.) “A verb is a _word_ which signifies _to be, to do_, or _to be acted upon_.”–_Merchant cor._ (8.) “_The_ verb is a part of speech which signifies _to be, to act_, or _to receive an action_.”–_Comly cor._ (9.) “_The_ verb is _the_ part of speech by which any thing is asserted.”–_Weld cor._ (10.) “_The_ verb is a part of speech, which expresses action or existence in a direct manner.”–_Gilbert cor._ (11.) “A participle is a _word_ derived from a verb, and expresses action or existence in an indirect manner.”–_Id._ (12.) “_The_ participle is a part of speech derived from _the_ verb, and denotes being, doing, or suffering, and implies time, as a verb does.”–_Brit. Gram. and Buchanan cor._ (13.) “_The_ adverb is a part of speech used to add _some modification_ to the meaning of verbs, adjectives, and participles.”–_Gilbert cor._ (14.) “An adverb is an indeclinable _word_ added to a verb, [_a participle,] an_ adjective, or _an_ other adverb, to express some circumstance, _accident_, or manner of _its_ signification.”–_Adam and Gould cor._ (15.) “An adverb is a _word added_ to a verb, an adjective, a participle, _or an_ other adverb, to express the circumstance of _time, place, degree, or manner_.”–_Dr. Ash cor._ (16.) “An adverb is a _word added_ to a verb, _an_ adjective, _a_ participle, _or_, sometimes, _an_ other adverb, to express some _circumstance_ respecting _the sense_.”–_Beck cor._ (17.) “_The_ adverb is a part of speech, which is _added_ to _verbs, adjectives, participles_, or to other _adverbs_, to express some modification or circumstance, quality or manner, of their signification.”–_Buchanan cor._ (18.) “_The_ adverb is a part of speech _which we add_ to _the verb_, (whence the name,) _to the adjective or participle likewise_, and sometimes even to _an other adverb_.”–_Bucke cor._ (19.) “A conjunction is a _word_ used to connect words _or_ sentences.”–_Gilbert and Weld cor._ (20.) “_The_ conjunction is a part of speech that joins words or sentences together.”–_Ash cor._ (21.) “_The_ conjunction is that part of speech which _connects_ sentences, or parts of sentences, or single words.”–_D. Blair cor._ (22.) “_The_ conjunction is a part of speech that is used principally to connect sentences, so as, out of two, three, or more sentences, to make one.”–_Bucke cor._ (23.) “_The_ conjunction is a part of speech that is used to connect _words or_ sentences _together; but_, chiefly, _to join_ simple sentences into _such as are_ compound.”–_Kirkham cor._ (24.) “A conjunction is a _word_ which joins _words or_ sentences together, and _shows_ the manner of their _dependence, as they stand in connexion_.”–_Brit. Gram. et al. cor._ (25.) “A preposition is a _word_ used to show the relation between other words, _and govern the subsequent term_.”–_Gilbert cor._ (26.) “A preposition is a _governing word_ which serves to connect _other_ words, and _to_ show the relation between them.”–_Frost cor._ (27.) “A preposition is a _governing particle_ used to connect words and show their relation.”–_Weld cor._ (28.) “_The_ preposition is that part of speech which shows the _various positions_ of persons or things, _and_ the _consequent relations_ that _certain words bear_ toward _one an_ other.”–_David Blair cor._ (29.) “_The_ preposition is a part of speech, which, being added to _certain_ other parts of speech, serves to _show_ their state _of_ relation, or _their_ reference to each other.”–_Brit. Gram. and Buchanan cor._ (30.) “_The_ interjection is a part of speech used to express sudden passion or _strong_ emotion.”–_Gilbert cor._ (31.) “An interjection is an _unconnected word_ used in giving utterance to some sudden feeling or _strong_ emotion.”–_Weld cor._ (32.) “_The_ interjection is that part of speech which denotes any sudden affection or _strong_ emotion of the mind.”–_David Blair cor._ (33.) “An interjection is _an independent word or sound_ thrown into discourse, and denotes some sudden passion or _strong_ emotion of the soul.”–_Brit. Gram. and Buchanan cor._
(34.) “_The_ scene might tempt some peaceful sage To rear _a lonely_ hermitage.”–_Gent. of Aberdeen cor._
(35.) “Not all the storms that shake the pole, Can e’er disturb thy halcyon soul,
And _smooth unalter’d_ brow.”–_Barbauld’s Poems_, p. 42.
LESSON II.–NOUNS.
“The _throne_ of every monarchy felt the shock.”–_Frelinghuysen cor._ “These principles ought to be deeply impressed upon the _mind_ of every American.”–_Dr. N. Webster cor._ “The _words_ CHURCH and SHIRE are radically the same.”–_Id._ “They may not, in their present form, be readily accommodated to every circumstance belonging to the possessive _case_ of nouns.”–_L. Murray cor. “Will_, in the second and third _persons_, only _foretells_.”–_Id.; Lowth’s Gram._, p. 41. “Which seem to form the true distinction between the subjunctive and the indicative _mood_.”–_L. Murray cor._ “The very general approbation which this performance of _Walker’s_ has received from the public.”–_Id._ “Lest she carry her improvements _of this kind_ too far.” Or thus: “Lest she carry her improvements _in_ this way too far.”–_Id. and Campbell cor._ “Charles was extravagant, and by _his prodigality_ became poor and despicable.”–_L. Murray cor._ “We should entertain no _prejudice_ against simple and rustic persons.”–_Id._ “These are indeed the _foundation_ of all solid merit.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “And his embellishment, by means of _figures, musical cadences_, or other _ornaments_ of speech.”–_Id._ “If he is at no pains to engage us by the employment of figures, musical arrangement, or any other _ornament of style_.”–_Id._ “The most eminent of the sacred poets, are, _David, Isaiah_, and the _author_ of the Book of Job.”–_Id._ “Nothing in any _poem_, is more beautifully described than the death of old Priam.”–_Id._ “When two vowels meet together, and are _joined in one syllable_, they are called _a diphthong_.”–_Inf. S. Gram. cor._ “How many _Esses_ would _goodness’_ then end with? Three; as _goodness’s_.”–_Id. “Birds_ is a noun; it is the _common_ name of _feathered animals_.”–_Kirkham cor._ “Adam gave names to _all_ living _creatures_.” Or thus: “Adam gave _a name_ to every living creature.”–_Bicknell cor._ “The steps of a _flight of stairs_ ought to be accommodated to the human figure.” Or thus: “_Stairs_ ought to be accommodated to the _ease of the users_.”–_Kames cor._ “Nor ought an emblem, more than a simile, to be founded on _a_ low or familiar _object_.”–_Id._ “Whatever the Latin has not from the Greek, it has from the _Gothic_.”–_Tooke cor._ “The _mint_, and _the office of the secretary of state_, are neat buildings.”–_The Friend cor._ “The scenes of dead and still _existence_ are apt to pall upon us.”–_Blair cor._ “And Thomas Aquinas and Duns Scotus, the angelical _doctor_ and the subtle, are the brightest stars in the scholastic constellation.”–_Lit. Hist. cor._ “The English language has three methods of distinguishing the _sexes_.”–_Murray et al. cor._; also _R. C. Smith_. “In English, there are the three following methods of distinguishing _the sexes_.”–_Jaudon cor._ “There are three ways of distinguishing the _sexes_.”–_Lennie et al. cor._; also _Merchant. “The sexes are_ distinguished in three ways.”–_Maunder cor._ “Neither discourse in general, nor poetry in particular, can be called altogether an imitative _art_.”–_Dr. Blair cor._
“Do we for this the gods and conscience brave, That one may rule and _all_ the rest _enslave_?”–_Rowe cor._
LESSON III.–ADJECTIVES.
“There is a deal _more_ of heads, than _of_ either heart or horns.”–_Barclay cor._ “For, of all villains, I think he has the _most improper name_.”–_Bunyan cor._ “Of all the men that I met in my pilgrimage, he, I think, bears the _wrongest_ name.”–_Id._ “I am _surprised_ to see so much of the distribution, and _so many of the_ technical terms, of the Latin grammar, retained in the grammar of our tongue.”–_Priestley cor._ “Nor did the Duke of Burgundy bring him _any_ assistance.”–_Hume and Priestley cor._ “Else he will find it difficult to make _an_ obstinate _person_ believe him.”–_Brightland cor._ “Are there any adjectives which form the degrees of comparison _in a manner_ peculiar to themselves?”–_Inf. S. Gram. cor._ “Yet _all_ the verbs are of the indicative mood.”–_Lowth cor._ “The word _candidate_ is _absolute_, in the _nominative_ case.”–_L. Murray cor._ “An Iambus has the first syllable unaccented, and the _last_ accented.”–_L. Murray, D. Blair, Jamieson, Kirkham, Bullions, Guy, Merchant_, and others. “A Dactyl has the first syllable accented, and the _last two [syllables_] unaccented.”–_Murray et al. cor._ “It is proper to begin with a capital the first word of every book, chapter, letter, note, or[553] other piece of writing.”–_Jaudon’s Gram._, p. 195; _John Flint’s_, 105. “Five and seven make twelve, and one _more_ makes thirteen.”–_L. Murray cor._ “I wish to cultivate a _nearer_ acquaintance with you.”–_Id._ “Let us consider the means _which are proper_ to effect our purpose.” Or thus: “Let us consider _what_ means _are_ proper to effect our purpose.”–_Id._ “Yet they are of _so_ similar a nature as readily to mix and blend.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “The Latin is formed on the same model, but _is_ more imperfect.”–_Id._ “I know very well how _great_ pains have been taken.” Or thus: “I know very well how much _care has_ been taken.”–_Temple cor._ “The management of the breath requires a _great_ deal of care.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “Because the mind, during such a momentary stupefaction, is, in a _great_ measure, if not totally, insensible.”–_Kames cor._ “Motives of reason and interest _alone_ are not sufficient.”–_Id._ “To render the composition distinct in its parts, and on the whole _impressive_.”–_Id._ “_A_ and _an_ are named _the Indefinite article_, because they denote _indifferently any_ one thing of a kind.”–_Maunder cor._ “_The_ is named _the Definite article_, because it points out some particular thing _or things_.”–_Id._ “So much depends upon the proper construction of sentences, that, in _any_ sort of composition, we cannot be too strict in our attention to it.” Or:–“that, in _every_ sort of composition, we _ought to be very_ strict in our attention to it.” Or:–“that, in _no_ sort of composition, _can we be_ too strict,” &c.–_Dr. Blair cor._ “_Every_ sort of declamation and public speaking was carried on by them.” Or thus: “All _sorts_ of declamation and public speaking, _were_ carried on by them.”–_Id._ “The _former_ has, on many occasions, a sublimity to which the latter never attains.”–_Id._ “When the words, _therefore, consequently, accordingly_, and the like, are used in connexion with conjunctions, they are adverbs.”–_Kirkham cor._ “Rude nations make _few_ or no allusions to the productions of the arts.”–_Jamieson cor._ “While two of her maids knelt on _each_ side of her.” Or, if there were only two maids kneeling, and not four: “While two of her maids knelt _one_ on _each_ side of her.”–_Mirror cor._ “The personal pronouns _of the third person_, differ from _one an_ other in meaning and use, as follows.”–_Bullions cor._ “It was happy for the state, that Fabius continued in the command with _Minutius_: the phlegm _of the former_ was a check _on_ the vivacity _of the latter_.”–_L. Murray and others cor._: see _Maunders Gram._, p. 4. “If it be objected, that the words _must_ and _ought_, in the preceding sentences, are _both_ in the present tense.” Or thus: “If it be objected, that _in all_ the preceding sentences the words _must_ and _ought_ are in the present tense.”–_L. Murray cor._ “But it will be well, if you turn to them now and then.” Or:–“if you turn to them _occasionally_.”–_Bucke cor._ “That every part should have a dependence on, and mutually contribute to support, _every_ other.”–_Rollin cor._ “The phrase, ‘_Good, my lord_,’ is not common, and _is_ low.” Or:–“is _uncommon_, and low.”–_Priestley cor._
“That brother should not war with brother, And _one_ devour _or vex an_ other.”–_Cowper cor._
LESSON IV.–PRONOUNS.
“If I can contribute to _our_ country’s glory.” Or:–“to _your glory_ and _that of my country_.”–_Goldsmith cor._ “As likewise of the several subjects, which have in effect each _its_ verb.”–_Lowth cor._ “He is likewise required to make examples _for_ himself.” Or: “He _himself_ is likewise required to make examples.”–_J. Flint cor._ “If the emphasis be placed wrong, _it will_ pervert and confound the meaning wholly.” Or: “If the emphasis be placed wrong, the meaning _will be perverted_ and _confounded_ wholly.” Or: “If _we place_ the emphasis wrong, we pervert and confound the meaning wholly.”–_L. Murray cor._; also _Dr. Blair_. “It was this, that characterized the great men of antiquity; it is this, _that_ must distinguish the moderns who would tread in their steps.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “I am a great enemy to implicit faith, as well the Popish as _the_ Presbyterian; _for_, in that, _the Papists and the Presbyterians_ are _very_ much alike.”–_Barclay cor._ “Will he thence dare to say, the apostle held _an other_ Christ than _him_ that died?”–_Id._ “_Why_ need you be anxious about this event?” Or: “What need _have_ you to be anxious about this event?”–_Collier cor._ “If a substantive can be placed after the verb, _the latter_ is active.”–_A. Murray cor._ “_To see_ bad men honoured and prosperous in the world, is some discouragement to virtue.” Or: “_It_ is some discouragement to virtue, _to see_ bad men,” &c.–_L. Murray cor._ “It is a happiness to young persons, _to be_ preserved from the snares of the world, as in a garden enclosed.”–_Id._ “_At_ the court of Queen Elizabeth, _where all_ was prudence and economy.”–_Bullions cor._ “It is no wonder, if such a man did not shine at the court of Queen Elizabeth, who was _so remarkable_ for _her_ prudence and economy.”–_Priestley, Murray, et al cor._ “A defective verb is _a verb_ that wants some parts. _The defective verbs_ are chiefly the _auxiliaries_ and _the_ impersonal verbs.”–_Bullions cor._ “Some writers have given _to the_ moods a much greater extent than _I_ have assigned to them.”–_L. Murray cor._ “The personal pronouns give _such_ information _as_ no other words are capable of conveying.”–_M’Culloch cor._ “When the article _a, an_, or _the_, precedes the participle, _the latter_ also becomes a noun.”–_Merchant cor._ “To some of these, there is a preference to be given, which custom and judgement must determine.”–_L. Murray cor._ “Many writers affect to subjoin to any word the preposition with which it is compounded, or _that_ of which it _literally_ implies the idea.”–_Id. and Priestley cor._
“Say, dost thou know Vectidius? _Whom_, the wretch Whose lands beyond the Sabines largely stretch?”–_Dryden cor._
LESSON V.–VERBS.
“We _should_ naturally expect, that the word _depend_ would require _from_ after it.”–_Priestley’s Gram._, p. 158. “A dish which they pretend _is_ made of emerald.”–_L. Murray cor._ “For the very nature of a sentence implies _that_ one proposition _is_ expressed.”–_Murray’s Gram._, 8vo, p. 311. “Without a careful attention to the sense, we _should_ be naturally led, by the rules of syntax, to refer it to the rising and setting of the sun.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “For any rules that can be given, on this subject, _must be_ very general.”–_Id._ “He _would be_ in the right, if eloquence were what he conceives it to be.”–_Id._ “There I _should_ prefer a more free and diffuse manner.”–_Id._ “Yet that they also _resembled one an other, and agreed_ in certain qualities.”–_Id._ “But, since he must restore her, he insists _on having an other_ in her place.”–_Id._ “But these are far from being so frequent, or so common, as _they have_ been supposed _to be_.”–_Id._ “We are not _led_ to assign a wrong place to the pleasant or _the_ painful feelings.”–_Kames cor._ “Which are of greater importance than _they are_ commonly thought.”–_Id._ “Since these qualities are both coarse and common, _let us_ find out the mark of a man of probity.”–_Collier cor._ “Cicero did what no man had ever done before him; _he drew_ up a treatise of consolation for himself.”–_Biographer cor._ “Then there can _remain_ no other doubt of the truth.”–_Brightland cor._ “I have observed _that_ some satirists use the term.” Or: “I have observed some satirists _to_ use the term.”–_Bullions cor._ “Such men are ready to despond, or _to become_ enemies.”–_Webster cor._ “Common nouns _are_ names common to many things.”–_Inf. S. Gram. cor._ “To make ourselves _heard_ by one to whom we address ourselves.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “That, in reading poetry, he may be the better able to judge of its correctness, and _may_ relish its beauties.” Or:–“and _to_ relish its beauties.”–_L. Murray cor._ “On the stretch to keep pace with the author, and _comprehend his meaning_.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “For it might have been sold for more than three hundred pence, and _the money_ have been given to the poor.”–_Bible cor._ “He is a beam that _has_ departed, and _has_ left no streak of light behind.”–_Ossian cor._ “No part of this incident ought to have been represented, but _the whole should have been_ reserved for a narrative.”–_Kames cor._ “The rulers and people debauching themselves, _a country is brought to ruin_.” Or: “_When_ the rulers and people _debauch_ themselves, _they bring_ ruin on a country.”–_Ware cor._ “When _a title_, (as _Doctor, Miss, Master_, &c.,) is prefixed to a name, the _latter only_, of the two words, is commonly _varied to form the_ plural; as, ‘The _Doctor Nettletons_,’–‘The two _Miss Hudsons_.'”–_A. Murray cor._ “Wherefore that field _has been_ called, ‘_The Field of Blood_,’ unto this day.”–_Bible cor._ “To comprehend the situations of other countries, which perhaps _it_ may be necessary for him to explore.”–_Dr. Brown cor._ “We content ourselves now with fewer conjunctive particles than our ancestors _used_.”–_Priestley cor._ “And who will be chiefly liable to make mistakes where others have _erred_ before them.”–_Id._ “The voice of nature _and that of_ revelation _unite_.” Or: “_Revelation and_ the voice of nature _unite_.” Or: “The voice of nature _unites with revelation_.” Or: “The voice of nature unites _with that of_ revelation.”–_Wayland cor._
“This adjective, you see, we can’t admit; But, changed to ‘WORSE,’ _the word is_ just and fit.”–_Tobitt cor._
LESSON VI.–PARTICIPLES.
“Its application is not arbitrary, _or dependent_ on the caprice of readers.”–_L. Murray cor._ “This is the more expedient, _because the work is_ designed for the benefit of private learners.”–_Id._ “A man, he tells us, ordered by his will, to have _a statue erected_ for him.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “From some likeness too remote, and _lying_ too far out of the road of ordinary thought.”–_Id._ “In the commercial world, money is a _fluid, running_ from hand to hand.”–_Dr. Webster cor._ “He pays much attention to _the_ learning and singing _of_ songs.”–_Id._ “I would not be understood to consider _the_ singing _of_ songs as criminal.”–_Id._ “It is a _case decided by Cicero_, the great master of writing.”–_Editor of Waller cor._ “Did they ever bear a testimony against _the_ writing _of_ books?”– _Bates’s Rep. cor._ “Exclamations are sometimes _mistaken_ for interrogations.”–_Hist. of Print, cor._ “Which cannot fail _to prove_ of service.”–_Smith cor._ “Hewn into such figures as would make them _incorporate_ easily and firmly.”–_Beat, or Mur. cor._ “_After_ the rule and example, _there_ are practical inductive questions.”–_J. Flint cor._ “I think _it_ will be an advantage, _that I have_ collected _my_ examples from modern writings.”–_Priestley cor._ “He was eager _to recommend_ it to his fellow-citizens.”–_Id. and Hume cor._ “The good lady was careful _to serve_ me _with_ every thing.”–_Id._ “No revelation would have been given, had the light of nature been sufficient, in such a sense as to render one _superfluous_ and useless.”–_Bp. Butler cor._ “Description, again, is _a representation which raises_ in the mind the conception of an object, by means of some arbitrary or instituted symbols.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “Disappointing the expectation of the hearers, when they look for _an end_.” Or:–“for _the termination of_ our _discourse_.”–_Id._ “There is a distinction, which, in the use of them, is _worthy_ of attention.”– _Maunder cor._ “A model has been contrived, which is not very expensive, and _which_ is easily managed.”–_Ed. Reporter cor._ “The conspiracy was the more easily discovered, _because the conspirators were_ many.”–_L. Murray cor._ “Nearly ten years _had_ that celebrated work _been published_, before its importance was at all understood.”–_Id._ “_That_ the _sceptre is_ ostensibly grasped by a female hand, does not reverse the general order of government.”–_West cor._ “I have hesitated _about_ signing the Declaration of Sentiments.”–_Lib. cor._ “The prolonging of men’s lives when the world needed to be peopled, and _the subsequent_ shortening _of_ them when that necessity _had_ ceased.”–_Rev. John Brown cor._ “Before the performance commences, we _see_ displayed the insipid formalities of the prelusive scene.”–_Kirkham cor._ “It forbade the lending of money, or _the_ sending _of_ goods, or _the_ embarking _of_ capital in anyway, in transactions connected with that foreign traffic.”–_Brougham cor._ “Even abstract ideas have sometimes the same important _prerogative conferred_ upon them.”–_Jamieson cor._ “_Ment_, like other terminations, changes _y_ into _i_, when _the y is preceded_ by a consonant.”–_Kirkham’s Gram._, p. 25. “The term PROPER is from the French _propre_, own, or the Latin _proprius_; and _a Proper noun_ is _so called, because it_ is peculiar to the individual _or family_ bearing the name. The term COMMON is from the Latin _communis_, pertaining equally to several or many; and _a Common noun_ is _so called, because it is common_ to every individual comprised in the class.”–_Fowler cor._
“Thus oft by mariners are _showed_ (Unless the men of Kent are liars) Earl Godwin’s castles _overflowed_, And palace-roofs, and steeple- spires.”–_Swift cor._
LESSON VII.–ADVERBS.
“He spoke to every man and woman _who was there_.”–_L. Murray cor._ “Thought and language act and react upon each other.”–_Murray’s Key_, p. 264. “Thought and expression act _and react_ upon each other.”–_Murray’s Gram._, 8vo, p. 356. “They have neither the leisure nor the means of attaining any knowledge, except what lies within the contracted circle of their several professions.”–_Campbell’s Rhet._, p. 160. “Before they are capable of understanding _much_, or indeed any thing, of _most_ other branches of education.”–_Olney cor._ “There is _no_ more beauty in one of them, than in _an other_.”–_L. Murray cor._ “Which appear to be constructed according to _no_ certain rule.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “The vehement manner of speaking became _less_ universal.”–Or better:–“_less general_.”–_Id._ “_Not_ all languages, however, agree in this mode of expression.” Or: “This mode of expression, however, _is not common to all_ languages.”–_Id._ “The great occasion of setting _apart_ this particular day.”–_Atterbury cor._ “He is much more promising now, than _he was_ formerly.”–_L. Murray cor._ “They are placed before a participle, _without dependence_ on the rest of the sentence.”–_Id._ “This opinion _does not appear to have been_ well considered.” Or: “This opinion appears to _have been formed without due consideration_.”–_Id._ “Precision in language merits a full explication; and _merits it_ the more, because distinct ideas are, perhaps, _but rarely_ formed _concerning_ it.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “In the more sublime parts of poetry, he is _less_ distinguished.” Or:–“he is not so _highly_ distinguished.”–_Id._ “_Whether_ the author was altogether happy in the choice of his subject, may be questioned.”–_Id._ “But, _with regard to this matter_ also, there is a great error in the common practice.”–_Webster cor._ “This order is the very order of the human mind, which makes things we are sensible of, a means to come at those that are not _known_.” Or:–“which makes things _that_ are _already known, its_ means _of finding out_ those that are not so.”–_Foreman cor._ “Now, who is not discouraged, and _does not fear_ want, when he has no money?”–_C. Leslie cor._ “Which the authors of this work consider of little or no use.”–_Wilbur and Liv. cor._ “And here indeed the distinction between these two classes begins to be _obscure_.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “But this is a manner which deserves to be _avoided_.” Or:–“which _does not deserve_ to be imitated.”–_Id._ “And, in this department, a person effects _very_ little, _whenever_ he attempts too much.”–_Campbell and Murray cor._ “The verb that signifies _mere_ being, is neuter.”–_Ash cor._ “I hope to tire _but little_ those whom I shall not happen to please.”–_Rambler cor._ “Who were utterly unable to pronounce some letters, and _who pronounced_ others very indistinctly.”–_Sheridan cor._ “The learner may point out the active, passive, and neuter verbs in the following examples, and state the reasons _for thus distinguishing them_.” Or: “The learner may point out the active, _the_ passive, and _the_ neuter verbs in the following examples, and state the reasons _for calling them so_.”–_C. Adams cor._ “These words are _almost_ always conjunctions.”–_Barrett cor._
“_How glibly_ nonsense trickles from his tongue! How sweet the periods, neither said nor sung!”–_Pope cor._
LESSON VIII.–CONJUNCTIONS.
“Who, at least, either knew not, _or did not love_ to make, a distinction.” Or better thus: “Who, at least, either knew _no distinction_, or _did not like_ to make _any_.”–_Dr. Murray cor._ “It is childish in the last degree _to let_ this become the ground of estranged affection.”–_L. Murray cor._ “When the regular, _and when_ the irregular verb, is to be preferred [sic–KTH], p. 107.”–_Id._ “The books were to have been sold this day.” Or:–“_on_ this day.”–_Priestley cor._ “Do, _an_ you will.” Or: “Do, _if_ you will.”–_Shak. cor._ “If a man had a positive idea _either_ of infinite duration or _of infinite_ space, he could add two infinites together.” Or: “If a man had a positive idea of _what is_ infinite, either _in_ duration or _in_ space, he could,” &c.–_Murray’s proof-text cor._ “None shall more willingly agree _to_ and advance the same _than_ I.”–_Morton cor._ “That it cannot _but_ be hurtful to continue it.”–_Barclay cor._ “A conjunction joins words _or_ sentences.”–_Beck cor._ “The copulative conjunction connects words _or_ sentences together, and continues the sense.”–_Frost cor._ “The _copulative_ conjunction serves to connect [_words or clauses_,] _and_ continue a sentence, by expressing an addition, a cause, or a supposition.”–_L. Murray cor._ “All construction is either true or apparent; or, in other words, _either literal or_ figurative.”–_Buchanan and Brit. Gram. cor._ “But the divine character is such _as_ none but a divine hand could draw.” Or: “But the divine character is such, _that_ none but a divine hand could draw _it_.”–_A. Keith cor._ “Who is so mad, that, on inspecting the heavens, _he_ is insensible of a God?”–_Gibbons cor._ “It is now submitted to an enlightened public, with little _further_ desire on the part of the _author_, than for its general utility.”–_Town cor._ “This will sufficiently explain _why_ so many provincials have grown old in the capital without making any change in their original dialect.”– _Sheridan cor._ “Of these, they had chiefly three in general use, which were denominated ACCENTS, the term _being_ used in the plural number.”–_Id._ “And this is one of the chief reasons _why_ dramatic representations have ever held the first rank amongst the diversions of mankind.”–_Id._ “Which is the chief reason _why_ public reading is in general so disgusting.”–_Id._ “At the same time _in which_ they learn to read.” Or: “_While_ they learn to read.”–_Id._ “He is always to pronounce his words with _exactly_ the same accent that he _uses in speaking_.”–_Id._ “In order to know what _an other_ knows, and in the same manner _in which_ he knows it.”–_Id._ “For the same reason _for which_ it is, in a more limited state, assigned to the several tribes of animals.”–_Id._ “Were there masters to teach this, in the same manner _in which_ other arts are taught.” Or: “Were there masters to teach this, _as_ other arts are taught.”–_Id._
“Whose own example strengthens all his laws; _Who_ is himself that great sublime he draws.”–_Pope cor._
LESSON IX.–PREPOSITIONS.
“The word _so_ has sometimes the same meaning _as_ ALSO, LIKEWISE, _or_ THE SAME.”–_Priestley cor._ “The verb _use_ relates not to ‘pleasures of the imagination;’ but to the terms _fancy_ and _imagination_, which he was to employ as synonymous.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “It never can view, clearly and distinctly, _more than_ one object at a time.”–_Id._ “This figure [Euphemism] is often the same _as_ the Periphrasis.”–_Adam and Gould cor._ “All the _intermediate_ time _between_ youth and old age.”–_W. Walker cor._ “When one thing is said to act _upon an other_, or do something to _it_.”–_Lowth cor._ “Such a composition has as much of meaning in it, as a mummy has _of_ life.” Or: “Such a composition has as much meaning in it, as a mummy has life.”–_Lit. Conv. cor._ “That young men, from fourteen to eighteen _years of age_, were not the best judges.”–_Id._ “This day is a day of trouble, and of rebuke, and _of_ blasphemy.”–_Isaiah_, xxxvii, 3. “Blank verse has the same pauses and accents _that occur in_ rhyme.”–_Kames cor._ “In prosody, long syllables are distinguished by _the macron_ (-); and short ones by what is called _the breve_ (~).”–_Bucke cor._ “Sometimes both articles are left out, especially _from_ poetry.”–_Id._ “_From_ the following example, the pronoun and participle are omitted.” Or: “In the following example, the pronoun and participle are _not expressed_.”–_L. Murray cor._ [But the example was faulty. Say.] “Conscious of his weight and importance,”–or, “_Being_ conscious of his own weight and importance, _he did_ not _solicit_ the aid of others.”–_Id._ “He was an excellent person; _even in his_ early youth, a mirror of _the_ ancient faith.”–_Id._ “The carrying _of_ its several parts into execution.”–_Bp. Butler cor._ “Concord is the agreement which one word has _with_ an other, in gender, number, case, _or_ person.”–_L. Murray’s Gram._, p. 142. “It might perhaps have given me a greater taste _for_ its antiquities.”–_Addison cor._ “To call _on_ a person, and to wait _on_ him.”–_Priestley cor._ “The great difficulty they found in fixing just sentiments.”–_Id. and Hume cor._ “Developing the _differences of_ the three.”–_James Brown cor._ “When the singular ends in x, ch soft, sh, ss, or s, we add _es to form_ the plural.”–_L. Murray cor._ “We shall present him a list or specimen of them.” “It is very common to hear of the evils of pernicious reading, how it enervates the mind, or how it depraves the principles.”–_Dymond cor._ “In this example, the verb _arises_ is understood before ‘curiosity’ and _before_ ‘knowledge.'”–_L. Murray et al. cor._ “The connective is frequently omitted, _when_ several words _have the same construction_.”–_Wilcox cor._ “He shall expel them from before you, and drive them _out from_ your sight.”–_Bible cor._ “Who makes his sun _to_ shine and his rain to descend, upon the just and the unjust.” Or thus: “Who makes his sun shine, and his rain descend, upon the just and the unjust.”–_M’Ilvaine cor._
LESSON X.–MIXED EXAMPLES.
“This sentence violates _an established rule_ of grammar.”–_L. Murray cor._ “The words _thou_ and _shall_ are again reduced to _syllables of_ short _quantity_.”–_Id._ “Have the _greatest_ men always been the most popular? By no means.”–_Lieber cor._ “St. Paul positively stated, that ‘He _that loveth an other, hath_ fulfilled the law.'”–_Rom._, xiii, 8. “More _organs_ than one _are_ concerned in the utterance of almost every consonant.”–_M’Culloch cor._ “If the reader will pardon _me for_ descending so low.”–_Campbell cor._ “To adjust them in _such a manner_ as shall consist equally with the perspicuity and the grace of the period.” Or: “To adjust them so, _that they_ shall consist equally,” &c.–_Dr. Blair and L. Mur. cor._ “This class exhibits a lamentable inefficiency, and _a great_ want of simplicity.”–_Gardiner cor._ “Whose style, _in all its course_, flows like a limpid stream, _through which_ we see to the very bottom.”–_Dr. Blair cor._; also _L. Murray_. “We _admit various ellipses_.” Or thus: “An _ellipsis_, or _omission_, of some words, is frequently admitted.”–_Lennie’s Gram._, p. 116. “The ellipsis, of _articles may occur_ thus.”–_L. Murray cor._ “Sometimes the _article a_ is improperly applied to nouns of different numbers; as, ‘A magnificent house and gardens.'”–_Id._ “In some very emphatical expressions, _no_ ellipsis should be _allowed_.”–_Id._ “_Ellipses_ of the adjective _may happen_ in the following manner.”–_Id._ “The following _examples show that there may be an_ ellipsis of the pronoun.”–_Id._ “_Ellipses_ of the verb _occur_ in the following instances.”–_Id._ “_Ellipses_ of the adverb _may occur_ in the following manner.”–_Id._ “The following _brief expressions are all of them elliptical_.” [554]–_Id._ “If no emphasis be placed on any words, not only will discourse be rendered heavy and lifeless, but the meaning _will_ often _be left_ ambiguous.”–_Id._; also _J. S. Hart and Dr. Blair cor._ “He regards his word, but thou dost not _regard thine_.”–_Bullions, Murray, et al., cor._ “I have learned my task, but you have not _learned yours_.”–_Iid._ “When the omission of a word would obscure the _sense_, weaken _the expression_, or be attended with impropriety, _no ellipsis_ must be _indulged_.”–_Murray and Weld cor._ “And therefore the verb is correctly put in the singular number, and refers to _them all_ separately and individually considered.”–_L. Murray cor._ “_He was to me the most intelligible_ of all who spoke on the subject.”–_Id._ “I understood him better than _I did_ any other who spoke on the _subject_.”–_Id._ “The roughness found on the entrance into the paths of virtue and learning _decreases_ as we advance.” Or: “The _roughnesses encountered in_ the paths of virtue and learning _diminish_ as we advance.”–_Id._ “_There is_ nothing _which more_ promotes knowledge, than _do_ steady application and _habitual_ observation.”–_Id._ “Virtue confers _on man the highest_ dignity _of which he is capable; it_ should _therefore_ be _the chief object of_ his desire.”–_Id. and Merchant cor._ “The supreme Author of our being has so formed _the human soul_, that nothing but himself can be its last, adequate, and proper happiness.”–_Addison and Blair cor._ “The inhabitants of China laugh at the plantations of our Europeans: ‘Because,’ _say they_, ‘any one may place trees in equal rows and uniform figures.'”–_Iid._ “The divine laws are not _to be reversed_ by those of men.”–_L. Murray cor._ “In both of these examples, the relative _which_ and the verb _was_ are understood.”–_Id. et al. cor._ “The Greek and Latin languages, though for many reasons they cannot be called dialects of one _and the same tongue_, are nevertheless closely connected.”–_Dr. Murray cor._ “To ascertain and settle _whether_ a white rose or a red breathes the sweetest fragrance.” Or thus: “To ascertain and settle which _of the two_ breathes the _sweeter_ fragrance, a white rose or a red _one_.”–_J. Q. Adams cor._ “To which he can afford to devote _but little_ of his time and labour.”–_Dr. Blair cor._
“Avoid extremes; and shun the fault of such _As_ still are pleased too little or too much.”–_Pope cor._
LESSON XI.–OF BAD PHRASES.
“He _might as well_ leave his vessel to the direction of the winds.”–_South cor._ “Without good-nature and gratitude, men _might as well_ live in a wilderness as in society.”–_L’Estrange cor._ “And, for this reason, such lines _very seldom_ occur together.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “His _greatness_ did not make him _happy_.”–_Crombie cor._ “Let that which tends to _cool_ your love, be judged in all.”–_Crisp cor._ “It is _worth_ observing, that there is no passion in the mind of man so weak but it mates and masters the fear of death.”–_Bacon cor._ “Accent dignifies the syllable on which it is laid, and makes it more _audible_ than the rest.”–_Sheridan and Murray cor._ “Before he proceeds to argue on _either_ side.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “The _general_ change of manners, throughout Europe.”–_Id._ “The sweetness and beauty of Virgil’s numbers, _through all_ his works.”–_Id._ “The French writers of sermons, study neatness and elegance in _the division of their discourses._”–_Id._ “This _seldom_ fails to prove a refrigerant to passion.”–_Id._ “_But_ their fathers, brothers, and uncles, cannot, as good relations and good citizens, _excuse themselves for_ not standing forth to demand vengeance.”–_Murray’s Sequel_, p. 114. “Alleging, that their _decrial_ of the church of Rome, was a _uniting_ with the Turks.”–_Barclay cor._ “To which is added the Catechism _by the_ Assembly of Divines.”–_N. E. Prim. cor._ “This treachery was always present in _the thoughts of both of them_.”– _Robertson cor._ “Thus far their words agree.” Or: “Thus far _the words of both_ agree.”–_W. Walker cor._ “Aparithmesis is _an_ enumeration _of the_ several parts of what, _as a whole_, might be expressed in few words.”–_Gould cor._ “Aparithmesis, or Enumeration, is _a figure in which_ what might be expressed in a few words, is branched out into several parts.”–_Dr. Adam cor._ “Which may sit from time to time, where you dwell, or in the vicinity.”–_J. O. Taylor cor._ “Place together a _large-sized animal and a small one_, of the same species.” Or: “Place together a large and a small animal of the same species.”–_Kames cor._ “The weight of the swimming body is equal to that of the quantity of fluid displaced by it.”–_Percival cor._ “The Subjunctive mood, in all its tenses, is similar to the Optative.”–_Gwilt cor._ “No feeling of obligation remains, except that of _an obligation to_ fidelity.”–_Wayland cor._ “Who asked him _why_ whole audiences should be moved to tears at the representation of some story on the stage.”–_Sheridan cor._ “_Are you not ashamed_ to affirm that the best works of the Spirit of Christ in his saints are as filthy rags?”–_Barclay cor._ “A neuter verb becomes active, when followed by a noun of _kindred_ signification.”–_Sanborn cor._ “But he has judged better in _forbearing_ to repeat the article _the_.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “Many objects please us, _and are thought_ highly beautiful, which have _scarcely any_ variety at all.”–_Id._ “Yet they sometimes follow them.”–_Emmons cor._ “For I know of nothing more _important_ in the whole subject, than this doctrine of mood and tense.”–_R. Johnson cor._ “It is by no means impossible for an _error_ to be _avoided_ or _suppressed_.”–_Philol. Museum cor._ “These are things of the highest importance to _children and youth_.”–_Murray cor._ “He _ought to_ have omitted the word _many_.” Or: “He _might_ better have omitted the word _many_.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “Which _might_ better have been separated.” Or: “Which _ought rather to_ have been separated.”–_Id._ “Figures and metaphors, therefore, should _never_ be _used_ profusely.”–_Id. and Jam. cor._ “Metaphors, _or_ other figures, should _never_ be _used in_ too _great abundance_.”–_Murray and Russell cor._ “Something like this has been _alleged against_ Tacitus.”– _Bolingbroke cor._
“O thou, whom all mankind in vain withstand, _Who with the blood of each_ must one day stain thy hand!” –_Sheffield cor._
LESSON XII.–OF TWO ERRORS.
“Pronouns sometimes precede the _terms_ which they represent.”–_L. Murray cor._ “Most prepositions originally _denoted relations_ of place.”–_Lowth cor._ “WHICH is applied to _brute_ animals, and _to_ things without life.”–_Bullions cor._ “What _thing_ do they describe, or _of what do they_ tell the kind?”–_Inf. S. Gram. cor._ “Iron _cannons_, as well as brass, _are_ now universally cast solid.”–_Jamieson cor._ “We have philosophers, _more_ eminent perhaps _than those of_ any _other_ nation.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “This is a question about words _only_, and _one_ which common sense easily determines.”–_Id._ “The low pitch of the voice, is _that which_ approaches to a whisper.”–_Id._ “Which, as to the effect, is just the same _as to use_ no such distinctions at all.”–_Id._ “These two systems, therefore, _really_ differ from _each_ other _but_ very little.”–_Id._ “It _is_ needless to give many instances, as _examples_ occur so often.”–_Id._ “There are many occasions _on which_ this is neither requisite nor proper.”–_Id._ “Dramatic poetry divides itself into two forms, comedy _and_ tragedy.”–_Id._ “No man ever rhymed _with more exactness_ than he.” [I.e., than Roscommon.]–_Editor of Waller cor._ “The Doctor did not reap from his poetical labours a _profit_ equal to _that_ of his prose.”–_Johnson cor._ “We will follow that which we _find_ our fathers _practised_.” Or: “We will follow that which we _find to have been_ our _fathers’_ practice.”–_Sale cor._ “And I _should_ deeply regret _that I had_ published them.”–_Inf. S. Gram. cor._ “Figures exhibit ideas _with more vividness and power_, than could be _given them_ by plain language.”–_Kirkham cor._ “The allegory is finely drawn, _though_ the heads _are_ various.”–_Spect. cor._ “I should not have thought it worthy _of this_ place.” Or: “I should not have thought it worthy _of being placed_ here.”–_Crombie cor._ “In this style, Tacitus excels all _other_ writers, ancient _or_ modern.”–_Kames cor._ “No _other_ author, ancient or modern, possesses the art of dialogue _so completely as_ Shakspeare.”– _Id._ “The names of _all the things_ we see, hear, smell, taste, _or_ feel, are nouns.”–_Inf. S. Gram. cor. “Of_ what number are _the expressions_, ‘these boys,’ ‘these pictures,’ &c.?”–_Id._ “This sentence _has faults_ somewhat _like those_ of the last.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “Besides perspicuity, he pursues propriety, purity, and precision, in his language; which _qualities form_ one degree, and no inconsiderable one, of beauty.”–_Id._ “Many critical terms have unfortunately been employed in a sense too loose and vague; none _with less precision_, than _the word_ sublime.”–_Id._ “Hence no word in the language is used _with_ a more vague signification, than _the word_ beauty.”–_Id._ “But still, _in speech_, he made use of general terms _only_.”–_Id._ “These give life, body, and colouring, to the _facts recited_; and enable us to _conceive of_ them as present, and passing before our eyes.”–_Id._ “Which carried an ideal chivalry to a still more extravagant height, than _the adventurous spirit of knighthood_ had _ever attained_ in fact.”–_Id._ “We write much more supinely, and _with far less labour_, than _did_ the ancients.”–_Id._ “This appears indeed to form the characteristical difference between the ancient poets, orators, and historians, _and_ the modern.”–_Id._ “To violate this rule, as the English too often _do, shows_ great incorrectness.”–_Id._ “It is impossible, by means of any _training_, to _prevent them from_ appearing stiff and forced.”–_Id. “And it also gives to_ the speaker the disagreeable _semblance_ of one who endeavours to compel assent.”–_Id._ “And _whenever_ a light or ludicrous anecdote is proper to be recorded, it is generally better to throw it into a note, than to _run the_ hazard _of_ becoming too familiar.”–_Id. “It is_ the great business of this life, to prepare and qualify _ourselves_ for the enjoyment of a better.”–_L. Murray cor. “From_ some dictionaries, accordingly, it was omitted; and in others _it is_ stigmatized as a barbarism.”–_Crombie cor._ “You cannot see a thing, or think of _one, the name of which is not_ a noun.”–_Mack cor. “All_ the fleet _have_ arrived, and _are_ moored in safety.” Or better: “The _whole_ fleet _has_ arrived, and _is_ moored in safety.”–_L. Murray cor._
LESSON XIII.–OF TWO ERRORS.
“They have _severally_ their distinct and exactly-limited _relations_ to gravity.”–_Hasler cor._ “But _where the additional s_ would give too much of the hissing sound, the omission takes place even in prose.”–_L. Murray cor._ “After _o_, it [the _w_] is sometimes not sounded at all; _and_ sometimes _it is sounded_ like a single _u_.”–_Lowth cor._ “It is situation chiefly, _that_ decides the _fortunes_ and characters of men.”–_Hume cor._; also _Murray_. “The vice of covetousness is _that_ [vice] _which_ enters _more deeply_ into the soul than any other.”–_Murray et al. cor. “Of all vices_, covetousness enters the _most deeply_ into the soul.”–_Iid._ “_Of all the vices_, covetousness is _that which_ enters the _most deeply_ into the soul.”–_Campbell cor._ “The vice of covetousness is _a fault which_ enters _more deeply_ into the soul _than_ any other.”–_Guardian cor._ “WOULD primarily denotes inclination of will; and SHOULD, obligation: but _they_ vary their import, and are often used to express simple _events_.” Or:–“but _both of them_ vary their import,” &c. Or:–“but _both_ vary their import, and are used to express simple _events_.”–_Lowth, Murray, et al. cor._; also _Comly and Ingersoll_; likewise _Abel Flint_. “A double _condition_, in two correspondent clauses of a sentence, is sometimes made _by the word_ HAD; as, ‘_Had_ he done this, he _had_ escaped.'”–_Murray and Ingersoll cor._ “The pleasures of the understanding are preferable to those of the imagination, _as well as to those_ of sense.”–_L. Murray cor._ “Claudian, in a fragment upon the wars of the giants, has contrived to render this idea of their throwing _of_ the mountains, which in itself _has so much grandeur_, burlesque and ridiculous.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “To which not only no other writings are to be preferred, but _to which_, even in divers respects, _none are_ comparable.”–_Barclay cor._ “To distinguish them in the understanding, and treat of their several natures, in the same cool manner _that_ we _use_ with regard to other ideas.”–_Sheridan cor._ “For it has nothing to do with parsing, or _the_ analyzing _of_ language.”–_Kirkham cor._ Or: “For it has nothing to do with _the_ parsing, or analyzing, _of_ language.”–_Id._ “Neither _has_ that language [the Latin] _ever been_ so _common_ in Britain.”–_Swift cor._ “All that I _purpose_, is, _to give_ some openings into the pleasures of taste.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “But the following sentences would have been better _without it_.”–_L. Murray cor._ “But I think the following sentence _would_ be better _without it_.” Or: “But I think it _should be expunged from_ the following sentence.”– _Priestley cor._ “They appear, in this case, like _ugly_ excrescences jutting out from the body.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “And therefore the fable of the Harpies, in the third book of the AEneid, and the allegory of Sin and Death, in the second book of Paradise Lost, _ought not to have been inserted_ in these celebrated poems.”–_Id._ “Ellipsis is an elegant suppression, or _omission_, of _some_ word or words, _belonging to_ a sentence.”–_Brit. Gram. and Buchanan cor._ “The article A or AN _is not very proper_ in this construction.”–_D. Blair cor._ “Now suppose the articles had not been _dropped from_ these passages.”–_Bucke cor._ “To _have given_ a separate _name_ to every one of those trees, would have been an endless and impracticable undertaking.”–_Blair cor._ “_Ei_, in general, _has_ the same _sound_ as long and slender _a_.” Or better: “_Ei generally has_ the _sound of_ long _or_ slender _a_.”–_L. Murray cor._ “When a conjunction is used _with apparent redundance, the insertion of it_ is called Polysyndeton.”–_Adam and Gould cor._ “EACH, EVERY, EITHER, _and_ NEITHER, denote the persons or things _that_ make up a number, as taken separately or distributively.”–_M’Culloch cor._ “The principal sentence must be expressed by _a verb_ in the indicative, imperative, or potential _mood_”–_S. W. Clark cor._ “Hence he is diffuse, where he ought to _be urgent_.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “All _sorts_ of subjects admit of _explanatory_ comparisons.”–_Id. et al. cor._ “The present or imperfect participle denotes being, action, _or passion_, continued, _and_ not perfected.”–_Kirkham cor._ “What are verbs? Those words which _chiefly_ express what _is said of things_.”–_Fowle cor._
“Of all those arts in which the wise excel, _The very_ masterpiece is _writing-well_.”–_Sheffield cor._
“Such was that muse whose rules and practice tell, _That art’s_ chief masterpiece is _writing-well_.”–_Pope cor._
LESSON XIV.–OF THREE ERRORS.
“_From_ some words, the metaphorical sense has justled out the original sense altogether; so that, in respect _to the latter_, they _have_ become obsolete.”–_Campbell cor._ “_Surely_, never any _other_ mortal was so overwhelmed with grief, as I am at this present _moment_.”–_Sheridan cor._ “All languages differ from _one an_ other in their _modes_ of _inflection_.”–_Bullions cor._ “_The noun_ and _the verb_ are the only indispensable parts of speech: the one, to express the subject spoken of; and the other, the predicate, or what is affirmed of _the subject_.”–_M’Culloch cor._ “The words _Italicized in_ the _last three_ examples, perform the office of substantives.”–_L. Murray cor._ “A sentence _so constructed_ is always _a_ mark of _carelessness in the writer_.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “Nothing is more hurtful to the grace or _the_ vivacity of a period, than superfluous _and_ dragging words at the conclusion.”–_Id._ “When its substantive is not _expressed with_ it, but _is_ referred to, _being_ understood.”–_Lowth cor._ “Yet they _always_ have _substantives_ belonging to them, either _expressed_ or understood.”–_Id._ “Because they define and limit the _import_ of the common _names_, or general _terms_, to which they refer.”–_Id._ “Every new object surprises _them_, terrifies _them_, and makes a strong impression on their _minds_.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “His argument required _a_ more _full development_, in order to be distinctly apprehended, and to _have_ its due force.”–_Id._ “_Those_ participles which are derived from _active-transitive_ verbs, will govern the objective case, as _do_ the verbs from which they are derived.”–_Emmons cor._ “Where, _in violation of_ the rule, the objective case _whom_ follows the verb, _while_ the nominative _I_ precedes _it_.”–_L. Murray cor._ “_To use, after_ the same conjunction, both the indicative and the subjunctive _mood_, in the same sentence, and _under_ the same circumstances, seems to be a great impropriety.”–_Lowth, Murray, et al. cor._ “A nice discernment of _the import of words_, and _an_ accurate attention to the best usage, are necessary on these occasions.”–_L. Murray cor._ “The Greeks and Romans, the former especially, were, in truth, much more musical than we _are_; their genius was more turned to _take_ delight in the melody of speech.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “_In general, if_ the sense admits it _early_, the sooner _a circumstance is introduced_, the better; that the more important and significant words may possess the last place, _and be_ quite disencumbered.”–_Murray et al. cor._; also _Blair and Jamieson_. “Thus we find it in _both_ the Greek and _the_ Latin _tongue_.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “_Several_ sentences, constructed in the same manner, and _having_ the same number of members, should never be allowed to _come in succession_.”– _Blair et al. cor._ “I proceed to lay down the rules to be observed in the conduct of metaphors; and _these, with little variation, will be applicable to_ tropes of every kind.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “By _selecting_ words _with_ a proper _regard to their sounds_, we may _often imitate_ other sounds which we mean to describe.”–_Dr. Blair and L. Mur. cor._ “The disguise can _scarcely_ be so perfect _as to deceive_.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “The sense _does not admit_ of _any_ other pause, than _one_ after the second syllable ‘sit;’ _this_ therefore must be the only pause made in the reading.”–_Id._ “Not that I believe North America to _have been first_ peopled so _lately_ as _in_ the twelfth century, the period of Madoc’s migration.”–_Webster cor._ “Money and commodities _will_ always flow to that country _in which_ they are most wanted, and _in which they will_ command the most profit.”–_Id._ “That it contains no visible marks of _certain_ articles which are _of_ the _utmost importance_ to a just delivery.”–_Sheridan cor._ “And _Virtue_, from _her_ beauty, we call a fair and favourite maid.”–_Mack cor._ “The definite article may _relate to_ nouns _of either_ number.”–_Inf. S. Gram. cor._
LESSON XV.–OF MANY ERRORS.
(1.) “Compound _words are_[, by L. Murray and others, improperly] included _among the derivatives_.”–_L. Murray corrected._ (2.) “_The_ Apostrophe, _placed above the line_, thus ‘, is used to abbreviate or shorten _words. But_ its chief use is, to _denote_ the _possessive_ case of nouns.”–_Id._ (3.) “_The_ Hyphen, _made_ thus -, _connects the parts of compound_ words. It is also used when a word is divided.”–_Id._ (4.) “The Acute Accent, _made_ thus , _denotes the syllable on which stress is laid, and sometimes also, that the vowel is short_: as, ‘_Fancy_.’ The Grave _Accent, made_ thus `, _usually denotes, (when applied to English words,) that the stress is laid where a vowel ends the syllable_: as, ‘_Favour_.'”–_Id._ (5.) “The stress is laid on long _vowels or_ syllables, and on short _ones_, indiscriminately. In order to distinguish the _long or open vowels_ from the _close or short ones_, some writers of dictionaries have placed the grave _accent_ on the former, and the acute on the latter.”–_Id._ (6.) “_The_ Diaeresis, thus _made_ “, _is_ placed over one of two _contiguous_ vowels, _to show that they are not_ a diphthong.”–_Id._ (7.) “_The_ Section, _made_ thus Sec., is _sometimes used to mark the subdivisions_ of a discourse or chapter.”–_Id._ (8.) “_The_ Paragraph, _made thus_ , _sometimes_ denotes the beginning of a new subject, or _of_ a _passage_ not connected with the _text preceding_. This character is _now seldom_ used [_for such a purpose_], _except_ in the Old and New Testaments.” Or better:–“except in the _Bible_.”–_Id._ (9.) “_The_ Quotation _Points, written thus_ ” “, _mark_ the beginning _and the end_ of _what_ is quoted or transcribed from _some_ speaker or author, in his own words. In type, they are inverted commas at the beginning, _apostrophes_ at the conclusion.”–_Id._ (10.) “_The_ Brace _was formerly_ used in poetry at the end of a triplet, or _where_ three lines _rhymed together in heroic verse; it_ also _serves_ to connect _several terms_ with one, _when the one is common to all_, and _thus_ to prevent a repetition _of the_ common term.”–_Id._ (11.) “_Several_ asterisks _put together_, generally denote the omission of some _letters belonging to_ a word, or of some bold or indelicate expression; _but sometimes they imply a_ defect in the manuscript _from which the text is copied_.”–_Id._ (12.) “_The_ Ellipsis, _made thus_ —-, _or thus_ ****, is used _where_ some letters _of_ a word, or some words _of_ a verse, are omitted.”–_Id._ (13.) “_The_ Obelisk, which is _made_ thus [Obelisk]; and _the_ Parallels, _which are made_ thus ||; _and sometimes_ the letters of the alphabet; and _also the Arabic_ figures; are used as references to _notes in_ the margin, or _at the_ bottom, of the page.”–_Id._ (14.) “_The_ note of interrogation should not be employed, where it is only said _that_ a question has been asked, and where the words are not used as a question; _as_, ‘The Cyprians asked me why I wept.'”–_Id. et al. cor._ (15.) “_The note_ of interrogation is improper after _mere_ expressions of admiration, or of _any_ other emotion, _though they may bear the form of_ questions.”–_Iid._ (16.) “The parenthesis incloses _something which is thrown_ into the body of a sentence, _in an under tone; and_ which affects neither the sense, nor the construction, _of the main text_.”–_Lowth cor._ (17.) “Simple members connected by _a relative not used restrictively, or by a conjunction that implies comparison_, are for the most part _divided_ by _the_ comma.”–_Id._ (18.) “Simple members, _or_ sentences, connected _as terms of comparison_, are for the most part _separated_ by _the_ comma.”–_L. Murray et al. cor._ (19.) “Simple sentences connected by _a comparative particle_, are for the most part _divided_ by the comma.”–_Russell cor._ (20.) “Simple sentences _or clauses_ connected _to form a comparison_, should generally be _parted_ by _the_ comma.”–_Merchant cor._ (21.) “The simple members of sentences that express contrast or comparison, should generally be divided by _the_ comma.”–_Jaudon cor._ (22.) “_The_ simple members of _a comparative sentence, when_ they _are_ long, are separated by a comma.”–_Cooper cor._ (23.) “Simple sentences connected _to form a comparison, or_ phrases placed in opposition, or contrast, are _usually_ separated by _the comma_.”–_Hiley and Bullions cor._ (24.) “On _whichever_ word we lay the emphasis,–whether on the first, _the_ second, _the_ third, or _the_ fourth,–_every change of it_ strikes out a different sense.”–_L. Murray cor._ (25.) “To _say to_ those who do not understand sea phrases, ‘We tacked to the larboard, and stood off to sea,’ would _give them little or no information_.”–_Murray and Hiley cor._ (26.) “Of _those_ dissyllables which are _sometimes_ nouns and _sometimes_ verbs, _it may be observed, that_ the verb _is_ commonly _accented_ on the latter _syllable_, and the noun on the former.”–_L. Murray cor._ (27.) “And this gives _to_ our language _an_ advantage _over_ most others, in the poetical _or_ rhetorical style.”–_Id. et al. cor._ (28.) “And this gives _to_ the English _language_ an advantage _over_ most _others_, in the poetical and _the_ rhetorical style.”–_Lowth cor._ (29.) “The second and _the_ third scholar may read the same sentence; or as many _may repeat the text_, as _are_ necessary to _teach_ it perfectly to the whole _class_.”–_Osborn cor._
(30.) “Bliss is the _same_, in subject, _or in_ king, In who obtain defence, or who defend.” –_Pope’s Essay on Man_, IV, 58.
LESSON XVI.–OF MANY ERRORS.
“The Japanese, the Tonquinese, and the _Coreans_, speak languages _differing_ from one _an other_, and from _that of_ the inhabitants of China; _while all_ use the same written characters, and, by means _of them_, correspond intelligibly with _one an_ other in writing, though ignorant of the language spoken _by their correspondents_: a plain proof, that the Chinese characters are like hieroglyphics, _and essentially_ independent of language.”–_Jamieson cor._; also _Dr. Blair_. “The curved line, _in stead_ of _remaining_ round, is _changed to a_ square _one_, for the reason _before mentioned_.”–_Knight cor._ “Every _reader_ should content himself with the use of those tones only, that he is habituated to in speech; and _should_ give _to the words no_ other emphasis, _than_ what he would _give_ to the same words, in discourse. [Or, perhaps the author meant:–and _should_ give _to the emphatic words no_ other _intonation, than_ what he would _give_, &c.] Thus, whatever he utters, will be _delivered_ with ease, and _will_ appear natural.”–_Sheridan cor._ “_A stop_, or _pause, is_ a total cessation of sound, during a perceptible, and, in _musical or poetical_ compositions, a measurable space of time.”–_ Id._ “Pauses, or rests, in speaking _or_ reading, are total _cessations_ of the voice, during perceptible, and, in many cases, measurable _spaces_ of time.”–_L. Murray et al. cor._ “_Those derivative_ nouns which _denote_ small _things_ of the kind _named by their primitives_, are called Diminutive Nouns: as, lambkin, hillock, satchel, gosling; from lamb, hill, sack, goose.”–_Bullions cor._ “_Why is it_, that nonsense so often escapes _detection, its character not being perceived either_ by the writer _or_ by the reader?”–_Campbell cor._ “An Interjection is a word used to express sudden emotion. _Interjections_ are so called, because they are generally thrown in between the parts of _discourse, and have no_ reference to the structure of _those_ parts.”–_M’Culloch_ cor. “_The verb_ OUGHT _has no other inflection than_ OUGHTEST, _and this is nearly obsolete_.”– _Macintosh cor._ “But the _arrangement_, government, _and_ agreement _of words_, and _also their_ dependence upon _others_, are referred to our reason.”–_Osborn cor._ “ME is a personal pronoun, _of the_ first person, singular _number_, and _objective_ case.”–_Guy cor._ “The _noun_ SELF is _usually_ added to a pronoun; as, herself, himself, &c. _The compounds_ thus _formed are_ called reciprocal _pronouns_.”–_ Id._ “One cannot _but think_, that our author _would have_ done better, _had he_ begun the first of these three sentences, with saying, ‘_It_ is novelty, _that_ bestows charms on a monster.'”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “The idea which they present to us, of _nature_ resembling art, of _art_ considered as an original, and nature as a copy, seems not very distinct, _or_ well _conceived_, nor indeed very material to our author’s purpose.”–_Id._ “_This faulty_ construction of the sentence, _evidently arose from haste and carelessness_.”–_Id._ “Adverbs serve to modify _terms_ of action or quality, or to denote time, place, order, degree, _or_ some _other circumstance_ which we have occasion to specify.”–_Id._ “We may naturally expect, _that_ the more any nation is improved by science, and the more perfect _its_ language becomes, _the_ more will _that language_ abound with connective particles.”–_Id._ “Mr. Greenleaf’s book is _far better_ adapted _to the capacity of_ learners, _than_ any _other_ that has yet appeared, on the subject.”–_Feltus and Onderdonk’s false praise Englished_. “Punctuation is the art of marking, in writing _or in print_, the several pauses, or rests, _which separate_ sentences, _or_ the parts of sentences; _so as to denote_ their proper quantity or proportion, as _it is exhibited_ in a just and accurate _delivery_.”–_Lowth cor._ “A compound sentence must _generally_ be resolved into simple ones, and _these be_ separated by _the comma_.” Or better: “A compound sentence _is generally divided_, by _the comma_, into _its_ simple _members_.”–_Greenleaf and Fisk cor._ “Simple sentences should _in general_ be separated from _one an_ other by _the comma_, unless _a greater point is required_; as, ‘Youth is passing away, age is approaching, and death is near.'”–_S. R. Hall cor._ “_V_ has _always_ one uniform sound, _which is that_ of _f flattened_, as in _thieve_ from _thief: thus v_ bears to _f_ the same relation _that b_ does to _p, d_ to _t_, hard _g_ to _k, or z_ to _s_.”–_L. Murray and Fisk cor._; also _Walker_; also _Greenleaf_. “The author is explaining the _difference_ between sense and imagination, _as_ powers _of_ the human mind.”–_L. Murray cor._ Or, if this was the critic’s meaning: “The author is endeavouring to explain a very abstract point, the distinction between the powers of sense and _those of_ imagination, _as two different faculties of_ the human mind.”–_ Id._; also _Dr. Blair cor._ “HE–(_from the_ Anglo-Saxon HE–) is a personal pronoun, of the third person, singular number, masculine gender, _and_ nominative case. Decline HE.”–_Fowler cor._
CORRECTIONS UNDER THE CRITICAL NOTES.
UNDER CRITICAL NOTE I.–OF THE PARTS OF SPEECH.
“The passive voice denotes _an action received_.” Or: “The passive voice denotes _the receiving of an action_.”–_Maunder corrected_. “Milton, in some of his prose works, has _many_ very _finely-turned_ periods.”–_Dr. Blair and Alex. Jam. cor._ “These will be found to be _wholly_, or chiefly, of that class.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “All appearances of an author’s _affecting of_ harmony, are disagreeable.”–_Id. and Jam. cor._ “Some nouns have a double increase; that is, _they increase_ by more syllables than one: as _iter, itin~eris_.”–_Adam et al. cor._ “The powers of man are enlarged by _progressive_ cultivation.”–_Gurney cor._ “It is always important to begin well; to make a favourable impression at _the first setting out_.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “For if one take a wrong method at _his first setting-out_, it will lead him astray in all that follows.”–_ Id._ “His mind is full of his subject, and _all_ his words are expressive.”–_ Id._ “How exquisitely is _all_ this performed in Greek!”–_Harris cor._ “How _unworthy_ is all this to satisfy the ambition of an immortal soul!”–_L. Murray cor._ “So as to exhibit the object in its _full grandeur_, and _its_ most striking point of view.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “And that the author know how to descend with propriety to the _plain style_, as well as how to rise to the bold and figured.”–_ Id._ “The heart _alone_ can answer to the heart.”–_ Id._ “Upon _the_ first _perception of it_.” Or: “_As it is_ first perceived.”–_Harris cor._ “Call for Samson, that he may make _sport for us_.”–_Bible cor._ “And he made _sport before them_.”–_ Id._ “The term ‘_to suffer_,’ in this definition, is used in a technical sense; and means simply, _to receive_ an action, or _to be_ acted upon.”–_Bullions cor._ “The text _only_ is what is meant to be taught in schools.”–_Brightland cor._ “The perfect participle denotes action or _existence_ perfected or finished.”–_Kirkham cor._ “From the intricacy and confusion which are produced _when they are_ blended together.”–_L. Murray cor._ “This very circumstance, _that the word is_ employed antithetically renders it important in the sentence.”–_Kirkham cor._ “It [the pronoun that,] is applied _both to_ persons and _to_ things.”–_L. Murray cor._ “Concerning us, as being _everywhere traduced_.”–_Barclay cor._ “Every thing _else_ was buried in a profound silence.”–_Steele cor._ “They raise _fuller_ conviction, than any reasonings produce.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “It appears to me _nothing but_ a fanciful refinement.” Or: “It appears to me _nothing_ more than a fanciful refinement”–_ Id._ “The regular _and thorough_ resolution of a complete passage.”–_Churchill cor._ “The infinitive is _distinguished_ by the word TO, _which_ immediately _precedes it_.”–_Maunder cor._ “It will not be _a gain of_ much ground, to urge that the basket, or vase, is understood to be the capital.”–_Kames cor._ “The disgust one has to drink ink in reality, is not to the purpose, where _the drinking of it is merely figurative_.”–_ Id._ “That we run not into the extreme of pruning so very _closely_.”–See _L. Murray’s Gram._, 8vo, p. 318. “Being obliged to rest for a _little while_ on the preposition itself.” Or: “Being obliged to rest a _while_ on the preposition itself.” Or: “Being obliged to rest [for] a _moment_ on the preposition _alone_.”–_Blair and Jam. cor._ “Our days on the earth are as a shadow, and there is _no_ abiding.”–_Bible cor._ “There _may be attempted_ a more particular expression of certain objects, by means of _imitative_ sounds.”–_Blair, Jam., and Mur. cor._ “The right disposition of the shade, makes the light and colouring _the more apparent_.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “I _observe_ that a diffuse style _is apt to run into_ long periods.”–_ Id._ “Their poor arguments, which they only _picked up in the highways_.”–_Leslie cor._ “Which must be little _else than_ a transcribing of their writings.”–_Barclay cor._ “That single impulse is a _forcing-out_ of almost all the breath.” Or: “That single impulse _forces_ out almost all the breath.”–_Hush cor._ “Picini compares modulation to the _turning-off_ from a road.”–_Gardiner cor._ “So much has been written on and off almost every subject.”–_Sophist cor._ “By _the_ reading _of_ books written by the best authors, his mind became highly improved.” Or: “By _the study of the most instructive_ books, his mind became highly improved.”–_L. Mur. cor._ “For I never made _a rich provision a_ token of a spiritual ministry.”–_Barclay cor._
UNDER CRITICAL NOTE II.–OF DOUBTFUL REFERENCE.
“However disagreeable _the task_, we must resolutely perform our duty.”–_L. Murray cor._ “The formation of _all_ English verbs, _whether they be_ regular _or_ irregular, is derived from the Saxon _tongue_.”–_Lowth cor._ “Time and chance have an influence on all things human, and nothing _do they affect_ more remarkably than language.”–_Campbell cor._ “Time and chance have an influence on all things human, and on nothing _a_ more remarkable _influence_ than on language.”–_Jamieson cor._ “_That_ Archytases, _who was_ a virtuous man, happened to perish once upon a time, is with him a sufficient ground.” &c.–_Phil Mu. cor._ “He will be the better qualified to understand the meaning of _the_ numerous words _into_ which they _enter as_ material _parts_.”–_L. Murray cor._ “We should continually have the goal in view, _that it may_ direct us in the race.”–_ Id._ “But Addison’s figures seem to rise of their own accord from the subject and constantly _to_ embellish it” Or:–“and _they_ constantly embellish it.”–_Blair and Jam. cor._ “So far as _they signify_ persons, animals, and things that we can see, it is very easy to distinguish nouns.”–_Cobbett cor._ “Dissyllables ending in _y_ or mute _e_, or accented on the _final_ syllable, may _sometimes_ be compared like monosyllables.”–_Frost cor._ “_If_ the _foregoing_ objection _be admitted_, it will not overrule the design.”–_Rush cor._ “These philosophical innovators forget, that objects, like men, _are known_ only by their actions.”–_Dr. Murray cor._ “The connexion between words and ideas, is arbitrary and conventional; _it has arisen mainly from_ the agreement of men among themselves.”–_Jamieson cor._ “The connexion between words and ideas, may in general be considered as arbitrary and conventional, _or as arising from_ the agreement of men among themselves.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “A man whose inclinations led him to be corrupt, and _who_ had great abilities to manage and multiply and defend his corruptions.”–_Swift cor._ “They have no more control over him than _have_ any other men.”–_Wayland cor._ “_All_ his old words are true English, and _his_ numbers _are_ exquisite.”–_Spect. cor._ “It has been said, that _not Jesuits only_ can equivocate.”–_Mur. in Ex. and Key, cor._ “_In Latin_, the nominative of the first _or_ second person, is seldom expressed.”–_Adam and Gould cor._ “Some words _have_ the same _form_ in both numbers.”–_Murray et al. cor._ “Some nouns _have_ the same _form_ in both numbers.”–_Merchant et al. cor._ “Others _have_ the same _form_ in both numbers; as, _deer, sheep, swine_.”–_Frost cor._ “The following list denotes the _consonant_ sounds, _of which there are_ twenty-two.” Or: “The following list denotes the _twenty-two simple_ sounds of the consonants.”–_Mur. et al. cor._ “And is the ignorance of these peasants a reason for _other persons_ to remain ignorant; or _does it_ render the subject _the_ less _worthy of our_ inquiry?”–_Harris and Mur. cor._ “He is one of the most correct, and perhaps _he is_ the best, of our prose writers.”–_Lowth cor._ “The motions of a vortex and _of_ a whirlwind are perfectly similar.” Or: “The motion of a vortex and _that of_ a whirlwind are perfectly similar.”–_Jamieson cor._ “What I have been saying, throws light upon one important verse in the Bible; which _verse_ I should like to _hear some one read_.”–_Abbott cor._ “When there are any circumstances of time, place, _and the like, by_ which the principal _terms_ of our sentence _must be limited or qualified_.”–_Blair, Jam. and Mur. cor._ “Interjections are words _that_ express emotion, affection, or passion, and _that_ imply suddenness.” Or: “Interjections express emotion, affection, or passion, and imply suddenness.”–_Bucke cor._ “But the genitive _expressing_ the measure of things, is used in the plural number _only_.”–_Adam and Gould cor._ “The buildings of the institution have been enlarged; _and an_ expense _has been incurred_, which, _with_ the increased price of provisions, renders it necessary to advance the terms of admission.”–_L. Murray cor._ “These sentences are far less difficult than complex _ones_.”–_S. S. Greene cor._
“Far from the madding crowd’s ignoble strife _They_ sober _lived, nor ever wished_ to stray.”–_Gray cor._
UNDER CRITICAL NOTE III.–OF DEFINITIONS.
(1.) “A definition is a _short and lucid_ description of _a thing, or species, according to its nature and properties_.”–G. BROWN: _Rev. David Blair cor._ (2.) “Language, in general, signifies the expression of our ideas by certain articulate sounds, _or written words_, which are used as the signs of those ideas.”–_Dr. Hugh Blair cor._ (3.) “A word is _one or more syllables_ used by common consent as the sign of an idea.”–_Bullions cor._ (4.) “A word is _one or more syllables_ used as the _sign of an idea, or of some manner_ of thought.”–_Hazen cor._ (5.) “Words are articulate sounds, _or their written signs_, used to convey ideas.”–_Hiley cor._ (6.) “A word is _one or more syllables_ used _orally or in writing_, to represent some idea.”–_Hart cor._ (7.) “A word is _one or more syllables_ used as the sign of an idea.”–_S. W. Clark cor._ (8.) “A word is a letter or a combination of letters, _a sound or a combination of sounds_, used as the sign of an idea.”–_Wells cor._ (9.) “Words are articulate sounds, _or their written signs_, by which ideas are communicated.”–_Wright cor._ (10.) “Words are certain articulate sounds, _or their written representatives_, used by common consent as signs of our ideas.”–_Bullions, Lowth, Murray, et al. cor._ (11.) “Words are sounds _or written symbols_ used as signs of our ideas.”–_W. Allen cor._ (12.) “Orthography _literally_ means _correct writing_”–_Kirkham and Smith cor._ [The word _orthography_ stands for different things: as, 1. The art or practice of writing words with their proper letters; 2. That part of grammar which treats of letters, syllables, separate words, and spelling.] (13.) “A vowel is a letter which _forms a perfect_ sound _when uttered alone_.”–_Inst._, p. 16; _Hazen, Lennie, and Brace, cor._ (14-18.) “Spelling is the art of expressing words by their proper letters.”–G. BROWN: _Lowth and Churchill cor._; also _Murray, Ing. et al._; also _Comly_; also _Bullions_; also _Kirkham and Sanborn_. (19.) “A syllable is _one or more letters_, pronounced by a single impulse of the voice, and constituting a word, or part of a word.”–_Lowth, Mur., et al., cor._ (20.) “A syllable is a _letter or a combination of letters_, uttered in one complete sound.”–_Brit. Gram. and Buch. cor._ (21.) “A syllable is _one or more letters representing_ a distinct sound, _or what is_ uttered by a single impulse of the voice.”–_Kirkham cor._ (22.) “A syllable is so much of a word as _is_ sounded at once, _whether it_ be the whole _or a part_.”–_Bullions cor._ (23.) “A syllable is _so many letters_ as _are_ sounded at once; _and is either_ a word, or a part of a word.”–_Picket cor._ (24.) “A diphthong is _a_ union of two vowels _in one syllable_, as in _bear_ and _beat_.”–_Bucke cor._ Or: “A diphthong is _the meeting_ of two vowels in one syllable.”–_Brit. Gram._, p. 15; _Buchanan’s_, 3. (25.) “A diphthong consists of two vowels _put together in_ one syllable; as _ea_ in _beat, oi_ in _voice_.”–_Guy cor._ (26.) “A triphthong consists of three vowels _put together in_ one syllable; as, _eau_ in _beauty_.”–_Id._ (27.) “But _a_ triphthong is the union of three vowels _in one syllable_.”–_Bucke cor._ Or: “A triphthong is the meeting of three vowels in one syllable.”–_British Gram._, p. 21; _Buchanan’s_, 3. (28.) “What is a noun? A noun is the _name of something_; as, a man, a boy.”–_Brit. Gram. and Buchanan cor._ (29.) “An adjective is a word added to _a noun or pronoun_, to describe _the object named or referred to_.”–_Maunder cor._ (30.) “An adjective is a word _added_ to a noun _or pronoun_, to describe or define _the object mentioned_.”–_R. C. Smith cor._ (31.) “An adjective is a word _which, without assertion or time, serves_ to describe or define _something_; as, a _good_ man, _every_ boy.”–_Wilcox cor._ (32.) “_An_ adjective is _a word_ added to _a_ noun _or pronoun, and generally expresses a_ quality.”–_Mur. and Lowth cor._ (33.) “An adjective expresses the quality, _not_ of the noun _or pronoun_ to which it is applied, _but of the person or thing spoken of_; and _it_ may generally be known by _the_ sense _which it thus makes_ in connexion with _its noun_; as, ‘A _good_ man,’ ‘A _genteel_ woman.'”–_Wright cor._ (34.) “An adverb is a word used to modify the sense of _a verb, a participle, an adjective, or an other adverb_.”–_Wilcox cor._ (35.) “An adverb is a word _added_ to a verb, _a participle_, an adjective, or an other adverb, to modify _the sense_, or denote some circumstance.”–_Bullions cor._ (36.) “A substantive, or noun, is a name given to _some_ object which the senses can perceive, the understanding comprehend, or the imagination entertain.”–_Wright cor._ (37-54.) “_Genders are modifications that_ distinguish _objects_ in regard to sex.”–_Brown’s Inst._, p. 35: _Bullions cor._: also _Frost_; also _Perley_; also _Cooper_; also _L. Murray et al_.; also _Alden et al_.; also _Brit. Gram., with Buchanan_; also _Fowle_; also _Burn_; also _Webster_; also _Coar_; also _Hall_; also _Wright_; also _Fisher_; also _W. Allen_; also _Parker and Fox_; also _Weld_; also _Weld again_. (55 and 56.) “_A_ case, _in grammar_, is the state or condition of a noun _or pronoun_, with respect to _some_ other _word_ in _the_ sentence.”–_Bullions cor._; also _Kirkham_. (57.) “_Cases_ are modifications that distinguish the relations of nouns and pronouns to other words.”–_Brown’s Inst._, p. 36. (58.) “Government is the power which one _word_ has over an other, _to cause_ it to _assume_ some particular _modification_.”–_Sanborn et al. cor._ See _Inst._, p. 104. (59.) “A simple sentence is a sentence which contains only one _assertion, command, or question_.”–_Sanborn et al. cor._ (60.) “Declension means _the_ putting _of_ a noun _or pronoun_ through the different cases _and numbers_.”–_Kirkham cor._ Or better: “The declension of a _word_ is a regular arrangement of its numbers and cases.”–See _Inst._, p. 37. (61.) “Zeugma is a _figure in which_ two or more _words refer_ in common _to an other_ which _literally agrees with_ only one of them.”–_B. F. Fish cor._ (62.) “An irregular verb is _a verb that does not form the preterit_ and the perfect participle _by assuming d_ or _ed_; as, smite, smote, smitten.”–_Inst._, p. 75. (63). “A personal _pronoun is a pronoun that shows, by its form, of what person it is_.”–_Inst._, p. 46.
UNDER CRITICAL NOTE IV.–OF COMPARISONS.
“_Our language abounds_ more in vowel and diphthong sounds, than most _other tongues_.” Or: “We abound more in vowel and _diphthongal_ sounds, than most _nations_.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “A line thus accented has a more spirited air, than _one which takes_ the accent on any other syllable.”–_Kames cor._ “Homer _introduces_ his deities with no greater ceremony, that [what] he uses towards mortals; and Virgil has still less moderation _than he_.”–_Id._ “Which the more refined taste of later writers, _whose_ genius _was_ far inferior to _theirs_, would have taught them to avoid.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “_As a poetical composition_, however, the Book of Job is not only equal to any other of the sacred writings, but is superior to them all, except those of Isaiah alone.”–_Id._ “On the whole, Paradise Lost is a poem _which_ abounds with beauties of every kind, and _which_ justly entitles its author to _be equalled in_ fame _with_ any poet.”–_Id._ “Most of the French writers compose in short sentences; though their style, in general, is not concise; commonly less so than _that_ of _most_ English writers, whose sentences are much longer.”–_Id._ “The principles of the Reformation were _too deeply fixed_ in the prince’s mind, to be easily eradicated.”–_Hume cor._ “Whether they do not create jealousy and animosity, more than _sufficient to counterbalance_ the benefit derived from them.”–_Leo Wolf cor._ “The Scotch have preserved the ancient character of their music more entire, than _have the inhabitants of_ any other country.”–_Gardiner cor._ “When the time or quantity of one syllable exceeds _that of_ the rest, that syllable readily receives the accent.”–_Rush cor._ “What then can be more obviously true, than that it should be made as just as we can _make it_.”–_Dymond cor._ “It was not likely that they would criminate themselves more than, they could _not_ avoid.”–_Clarkson cor._ “_In_ their understandings _they_ were the most acute people _that_ have ever lived.”–_Knapp cor._ “The patentees have printed it with neat types, and upon better paper than was _used_ formerly.”–_John Ward cor._ “In reality, its relative use is not exactly like _that of_ any other word.”–_Felch cor._ “Thus, _in stead_ of _having to purchase_ two books,–the Grammar and the Exercises,–the learner finds both in one, for a price at _most_ not greater than _that of_ the others.”–_Alb. Argus cor._ “_They are_ not improperly regarded as pronouns, though they are less _strictly_ such than the others.”–_Bullions cor._ “We have had, as will readily be believed, _a much better_ opportunity of becoming conversant with the case, than the generality of our readers can be supposed to have had.”–_Brit. Friend cor._
UNDER CRITICAL NOTE V.–OF FALSITIES.
“The long sound of _i_ is _like a very quick union_ of the sound of _a_, as heard in _bar_, and that of _e_, as heard in _be_.”–_Churchill cor._ “The omission of a word necessary to grammatical propriety, is _of course an impropriety, and not a true_ ellipsis.”–_Priestley cor._ “_Not_ every substantive, _or noun_, is _necessarily_ of the third person.”–_A. Murray cor._ “A noun is in the third person, when the subject is _merely_ spoken _of_; and in the second person, when the subject is spoken _to_; _and_ in the first person, _when it names the speaker as such_.”–_Nutting cor._ “With us, no nouns are _literally of the_ masculine _or the_ feminine gender, except the names of male and female creatures.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “_The_ apostrophe is a little mark, either _denoting the possessive case of nouns_, or signifying that something is shortened: as, ‘_William’s_ hat;’–‘the _learn’d_,’ for ‘the _learned_.'”–_Inf. S. Gram. cor._ “When a word beginning with a vowel coupled with one beginning with a consonant, the indefinite article must _not_ be repeated, _if the two words be adjectives belonging to one and the same noun_; thus, ‘Sir Matthew Hale was _a_ noble and impartial judge;’–‘Pope was _an_ elegant and nervous writer.'”–_Maunder cor._[555] “_W_ and _y_ are consonants, when they _precede a vowel heard in the same_ syllable: in every other situation, they are vowels.”–_L. Mur. et al. cor._ See _Inst._, p. 16. “_The_ is _not varied_ before adjectives and substantives, let them begin as they will.”–_Bucke cor._ “_A few English_ prepositions, _and many which we have borrowed from other languages_, are _often_ prefixed to words, in such a manner as to coalesce with them, and to become _parts of the compounds or derivatives thus formed_.”–_Lowth cor._ “_H_, at the beginning of syllables not accented, is _weaker_, but _not_ entirely silent; as in _historian, widowhood_.”–_Rev. D. Blair cor._ “_Not every_ word that will make sense with _to_ before it, is a verb; for _to_ may govern nouns, pronouns, or participles.”–_Kirkham cor._ “_Most_ verbs do, in reality, express actions; but they are _not_ intrinsically the mere names of actions: _these must of course be nouns_.”–_Id._ “The nominative _denotes_ the actor or subject; and the verb, the action _which is_ performed _or received_ by _this actor or subject_.”–_Id._ “_But_ if only one creature or thing acts, _more than_ one action _may_, at the same instant, be done; as, ‘The girl not only _holds_ her pen badly, but _scowls_ and _distorts_ her features, while she _writes_.'”–_Id._ “_Nor is each of these verbs of the singular number because it_ denotes but one action which the girl performs, _but because the subject or nominative_ is of the singular number, _and the words must agree_.”–_Id._ “And when I say, ‘_Two men walk_,’ is it not equally apparent, that _walk_ is plural because it _agrees with men_?”–_Id._ “The subjunctive mood is formed by _using the simple verb in a suppositive sense, and without personal inflection_.”–_Beck cor._ “The possessive case _of nouns, except in instances of apposition or close connexion_, should always be distinguished by the apostrophe.”–_Frost cor._ “‘At these proceedings _of_ the Commons:’ Here _of_ is _a_ sign of the _objective_ case; and ‘_Commons_’ is of that case, _being_ governed _by this preposition_.”–_A. Murray cor._ “Here let it be observed again, that, strictly speaking, _all finite_ verbs have numbers _and_ persons; _and so_ have _nearly all_ nouns _and_ pronouns, _even_ when they refer to irrational creatures and inanimate things.”–_Barrett cor._ “The noun denoting the person or _persons_ addressed or spoken to, is in the nominative case independent: _except it be put in apposition with a pronoun of the second person_; as, ‘Woe to _you lawyers_;’–‘_You_ political _men_ are constantly manoeuvring.'”–_Frost cor._ “Every noun, when _used in a direct address and set off by a comma_, becomes of the second person, and is in the nominative case absolute; as, ‘_Paul_, thou art beside thyself.”–_Jaudon cor._ “Does the conjunction _ever_ join words together? _Yes_; the conjunction _sometimes_ joins _words_ together, _and sometimes_ sentences, _or certain parts of sentences_.”–_Brit. Gram. cor._; also _Buchanan_. “Every _noun of the possessive form_ has a _governing_ noun, expressed or understood: as, _St. James’s_. Here _Palace_ is understood. _But_ one _possessive may_ govern an other; as, ‘_William’s father’s_ house.'”–_Buchanan cor._ “Every adjective (_with the exceptions noted under Rule_ 9th) belongs to a _noun or pronoun_ expressed or understood.”–_L. Murray et al. cor._ “_Not_ every adjective qualifies a substantive, expressed or understood.”–_Bullions cor._ “_Not_ every adjective belongs to _a_ noun expressed or understood.”–_Ingersoll cor._ “Adjectives belong to nouns _or pronouns, and serve to_ describe _things_.”–_R. C. Smith cor._ “_English_ adjectives, _in general, have no modifications in which they can_ agree with the nouns _to_ which they _relate_.”–_Allen Fisk cor._ “The adjective, _if it denote unity or plurality_, must agree with its substantive in number.”–_Buchanan cor._ “_Not_ every adjective and participle, _by a vast many_, belongs to some noun or pronoun, expressed or understood.”–_Frost cor._ “_Not_ every verb of the infinitive mood, supposes a verb before it, expressed or understood.”–_Buchanan cor._ “_Nor_ has every adverb its verb, expressed or understood; _for some adverbs relate to participles, to adjectives, or to other adverbs_.”–_Id._ “_A conjunction that connects one_ sentence to _an other, is not_ always placed betwixt the two propositions or sentences which _it unites_.”–_Id._ “The words _for all that_, are by no means ‘low;’ but the putting of this phrase for _yet_ or _still_, is neither necessary nor elegant.”–_L. Murray cor._; also _Dr. Priestley_. “The reader or hearer then understands from AND, that _the author adds one proposition, number, or thing, to an other_. Thus AND _often, very often_, connects one thing with an other thing, _or_ one word with an other word.”–_James Brown cor._ “‘Six AND six _are_ twelve.’ Here it is affirmed, that _the two sixes added together are_ twelve.”–_Id._ “‘John AND his wife _have_ six children.’ This is an instance _in which_ AND _connects two nominatives in a simple sentence_. It is _not_ here affirmed that John has six children, and that his wife has six _other_ children.”–_Id._ “That ‘Nothing can be great which is not right,’ is itself a _great falsity_: there are great blunders, great evils, great sins.”–_L. Murray cor._ “The highest degree of reverence should be paid to _the most exalted virtue or goodness_.”–_Id._ “There is in _all_ minds _some_ knowledge, _or_ understanding.”–_L. Murray et al. cor._ “Formerly, the nominative and objective cases of our pronouns, were _more generally distinguished in practice_, than they now are.”–_Kirkham cor._ “As it respects a choice of words and expressions, _the just_ rules of grammar _may_ materially aid the learner.”–_S. S. Greene cor._ “_The name of_ whatever exists, or is conceived to exist, is a noun.”–_Fowler cor._ “As _not all_ men are brave, _brave_ is itself _distinctive_.”–_Id._
UNDER CRITICAL NOTE VI.–OF ABSURDITIES.
(1.) “And sometimes two unaccented syllables _come together_.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ (2.) “What nouns frequently _stand together_?” Or: “What nouns _are_ frequently _used one after an other_?”–_Sanborn cor._ (3.) “Words are derived from _other words_ in various ways.”–_Idem et al. cor._ (4.) “_The name_ PREPOSITION _is_ derived from the two Latin words _prae_ and _pono_, which signify _before_ and _place_.”–_Mack cor._ (5.) “He was _much_ laughed at for such conduct.”–_Bullions cor._ (6.) “Every _pronominal adjective_ belongs to some noun, expressed or understood.”–_Ingersoll cor._ (7.) “If he [Addison] fails in any thing, it is in strength and precision; _the want of_ which renders his manner not altogether a proper model.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ (8.) “Indeed, if Horace _is_ deficient in any thing _his fault_ is this, of not being sufficiently attentive to juncture, _or the_ connexion of parts.”–_Id._ (9.) “The pupil is now supposed to be acquainted with the _ten parts_ of speech, and their most usual modifications.”–_Taylor cor._ (10.) “I could see, _feel_, taste, and smell the rose.”–_Sanborn cor._ (11.) “The _vowels iou are_ sometimes pronounced distinctly in two syllables; as in _various, abstemious_; but not in _bilious_.”–_Murray and Walker cor._ (12.) “The diphthong _aa_ generally sounds like _a_ short; as in _Balaam, Canaan, Isaac_; in _Baael_ and _Gaael_, we make no diphthong.”–_L. Mur. cor._ (13.) “Participles _cannot be said to be_ ‘governed by the article;’ for _any_ participle, with _an_ article before it, becomes a substantive, or an adjective used substantively: as, _the learning, the learned_.”–_Id._ (14.) “_From_ words ending with _y_ preceded by a consonant, _we_ form the plurals of nouns, the persons of verbs, _agent_ nouns, _perfect_ participles, comparatives, and superlatives, by changing the _y_ into _i_, and adding _es, ed, er, eth_, or _est_.”–_Walker, Murray, et al. cor._ (15.) “But _y_ preceded by a vowel, _remains unchanged_, in the derivatives above named; as, _boy, boys_.”–_L. Murray et al. cor._ (16.) “But when _the final y_ is preceded by a vowel, it _remains unchanged before an_ additional syllable; as, coy, _coyly_.”–_Iid._ (17.) “But _y_ preceded by a vowel, _remains unchanged_, in _almost all_ instances; as, coy, _coyly_.”–_Kirkham cor._ (18.) “Sentences are of _two kinds_, simple and compound.”–_Wright cor._ (19.) “The neuter pronoun _it_ may be employed to _introduce a nominative_ of any person, number, or gender: as, ‘_It_ is _he_:’–‘_It_ is _she_;’–‘_It is they_;’–‘_It_ is the _land_.'”–_Bucke cor._ (20 and 21.) “_It is_ and _it was_, are _always singular_; but they _may introduce words of_ a plural construction: as, ‘_It was_ the _heretics that_ first began to rail.’ SMOLLETT.”–_Merchant cor._; also _Priestley et al._ (22.) “_W_ and _y_, as consonants, have _each of them_ one sound.”–_Town cor._ (23.) “The _word as_ is frequently a relative _pronoun_.”–_Bucke cor._ (24.) “_From a series of_ clauses, the conjunction may _sometimes_ be omitted with propriety.”–_Merchant cor._ (25.) “If, however, the _two_ members are very closely connected, the comma is unnecessary; as, ‘Revelation tells us how we may attain happiness.'”–_L. Murray et al. cor._ (26-27.) “The mind has difficulty in _taking effectually_, in quick succession, so many different views of the same object.”–_Dr. Blair cor._; also _L. Mur_. (28.) “_Pronominal adjectives_ are a kind of _definitives_, which _may either accompany their_ nouns, _or represent them understood_.”–_Kirkham cor._ (29.) “_When the nominative or antecedent is a collective noun_ conveying _the idea of plurality, the_ verb or pronoun _must agree_ with it in the plural _number_.”–_Id. et al. cor._ (30-34.) “A noun or _a_ pronoun in the possessive case, is governed by the _name of the thing possessed_.”– _Brown’s Inst._, p. 176; _Greenleaf cor._; also _Wilbur and Livingston_; also _Goldsbury_; also _P. E. Day_; also _Kirkham, Frazee, and Miller_. (35.) “Here the boy is represented as acting: _the word boy_ is therefore in the nominative case.”–_Kirkham cor._ (36.) “_Do, be, have_, and _will_, are _sometimes_ auxiliaries, _and sometimes_ principal verbs.”–_Cooper cor._ (37.) “_Names_ of _males_ are masculine. _Names_ of _females_ are feminine.”–_Adam’s Gram._, p. 10; _Beck cor._ (38.) “‘To-day’s lesson is longer than yesterday’s.’ Here _to-day’s_ and _yesterday’s_ are substantives.”–_L. Murray et al. cor._ (39.) “In this example, _to-day’s_ and _yesterday’s_ are nouns in the possessive case.”–_Kirkham cor._ (40.) “An Indian in Britain would be much surprised to _find by chance_ an elephant feeding at large in the open fields.”–_Kames cor._ (41.) “If we were to contrive a new language, we might make any articulate sound the sign of any idea: _apart from previous usage_, there would be no impropriety in calling oxen _men_, or rational beings _oxen_.”–_L. Murray cor._ (42.) “All the parts of a sentence should _form a consistent whole_.”–_Id et al. cor._
(43.) “Full through his neck the weighty falchion sped, Along the pavement rolled the _culprit’s_ head.”–_Pope cor._
UNDER CRITICAL NOTE VII.–OF SELF-CONTRADICTION.
(1.) “Though ‘The king, _with_ the lords and commons,’ _must have a singular rather than_ a plural verb, the sentence would certainly stand better thus: ‘The king, the lords, _and_ the commons, _form_ an excellent constitution.'”–_Mur. and Ing. cor._ (2-3.) “_L_ has a soft liquid sound; as in _love, billow, quarrel_. _This letter_ is sometimes silent; as in _half, task [sic for ‘talk’–KTH], psalm_.”–_Mur. and Fisk cor._; also _Kirkham_. (4.) “The words _means_ and _amends_, though regularly derived from the singulars _mean_ and _amend_, are _not_ now, _even_ by polite writers, restricted to the plural number. Our most distinguished modern authors _often_ say, ‘by _this means_,’ as well as, ‘by _these means_.'”–_Wright cor._ (5.) “A friend exaggerates a man’s virtues; an enemy, his crimes.”–_Mur. cor._ (6.) “The auxiliary _have, or any form of_ the perfect tense, _belongs not properly to_ the subjunctive mood. _We suppose past facts by the indicative_: as, If I _have loved_, If thou _hast loved_, &c.”–_Merchant cor._ (7.) “There is also an impropriety in _using_ both the indicative and the subjunctive _mood_ with the same conjunction; as, ‘_If_ a man _have_ a hundred sheep, and one of them _is_ gone astray,’ &c. [This is Merchant’s perversion of the text. It should be, ‘and one of them _go_ astray:’ or, ‘_be gone_ astray,’ as in Matt., xviii. 12.]”–_Id._ (8.) “The rising series of contrasts _conveys transcendent_ dignity and energy to the conclusion.”–_Jamieson cor._ (9.) “A groan or a shriek is instantly understood, as a language extorted by distress, a _natural_ language which conveys a meaning that _words_ are _not adequate_ to express. A groan or _a_ shriek speaks to the ear with _a_ far more thrilling effect than words: yet _even this natural_ language of distress may be counterfeited by art.”–_Dr. Porter cor._ (10.) “_If_ these words [_book_ and _pen_] cannot be put together in such a way as will constitute plurality, then they cannot be ‘_these words_;’ and then, also, _one and one_ cannot be _two_.”–_James Brown cor._ (11.) “Nor can the real pen and the real book be _added or counted together_ in words, in such a manner as will _not_ constitute plurality in grammar.”–_Id._ (12.) “_Our_ is _a personal_ pronoun, of the possessive _case. Murray does not_ decline it.”–_Mur. cor._ (13.) “_This_ and _that_, and their plurals _these_ and _those_, are _often_ opposed to each other in a sentence. When _this_ or _that_ is used alone, i.e., _without contrast, this_ is _applied_ to _what is_ present or near; _that_, to _what is_ absent or distant.”–_Buchanan cor._ (14.) “Active and neuter verbs may be conjugated by adding their _imperfect_ participle to the auxiliary verb _be_, through all its variations.”–“_Be_ is an auxiliary whenever it is placed before either the perfect _or the imperfect_ participle of an other verb; but, in every other situation, it is a principal verb.”–_Kirkham cor._ (15.) “A verb in the imperative mood is _almost_ always of the second person.”–“The verbs, according to a _foreign_ idiom, or the poet’s license, are used in the imperative, agreeing with a nominative of the first or third person.”–_Id._ (16.) “A personal _pronoun, is a pronoun that shows, by its form, of what_ person _it is_.”–“Pronouns of the first person do not _disagree_ in person with the nouns they represent.”–_Id._ (17.) “Nouns have three cases; _the_ nominative, _the possessive_, and _the_ objective.”–“Personal pronouns have, like nouns, _three_ cases; _the_ nominative, _the_ possessive, and _the_ objective.”–_Beck cor._ (18.) “In _many_ instances the preposition suffers _a_ change _and_ becomes an adverb by its _mere_ application.”–_L. Murray cor._ (19.) “Some nouns are used only in the plural; as, _ashes, literati, minutiae_. Some nouns _have_ the same _form_ in both numbers; as, _sheep, deer, series, species_. Among the inferior parts of speech, there are some _pairs_ or _couples_.”–_Rev. D. Blair cor._ (20.) “Concerning the pronominal adjectives, that may, _or_ may not, represent _their nouns_.”–_O. B. Peirce cor._ (21.) “The _word a_ is in a few instances employed in the sense of a preposition; as, ‘Simon Peter _saith unto them_, I go _a_ fishing;’ i. e., I go _to_ fishing.”–_Weld cor._ (22.) “So, _too_, verbs _that are commonly_ transitive, are used intransitively, when they have no object.”–_Bullions cor._
(23.) “When first young Maro, in his boundless mind, A work t’ outlast _imperial_ Rome design’d.”–_Pope cor._
UNDER CRITICAL NOTE VIII.–OF SENSELESS JUMBLING.
“_There are two numbers_, called the singular and _the_ plural, _which_ distinguish nouns as _signifying either_ one _thing_, or many of the same kind.”–_Dr. H. Blair cor._ “Here James Monroe is addressed, he is spoken to; _the name_ is _therefore_ a noun of the second person.”–_Mack cor._ “The number and _person_ of _an English_ verb can _seldom_ be ascertained until its nominative is known.”–_Emmons cor._ “A noun of multitude, or _a singular noun_ signifying many, may have _a_ verb _or a_ pronoun agreeing with it in _either_ number; yet not without regard to the import of the _noun_, as conveying _the idea of_ unity or plurality.”–_Lowth et al. cor._ “To _form_ the present _tense_ and _the_ past imperfect of our _active_ or neuter _verbs_, the auxiliary _do, and its preterit did, are sometimes_ used: _as_, I _do_ now love; I _did_ then love.”–_Lowth cor._ “If these _be_ perfectly committed _to memory, the learner_ will be able to take twenty lines for _his second_ lesson, and _the task_ may be increased each day.”–_Osborn cor._ “_Ch is_ generally sounded in the same manner _as if it were tch_: as in _Charles, church, cheerfulness_, and _cheese_. But, _in Latin or Greek_ words, _ch is_ pronounced like _k_: as in _Chaos, character, chorus_, and _chimera_. _And_, in _words_ derived from the French, _ch is_ sounded like _sh_: as _in Chagrin, chicanery_, and _chaise_.”–_Bucke cor._ “Some _nouns literally_ neuter, are _made_ masculine or feminine by a figure of speech.”–_L. Murray et al. cor._ “In the English language, words may be classified under ten general heads: the _sorts, or chief classes, of words_, are usually termed the ten parts of speech.”–_Nutting cor._ “‘Mercy is the true badge of nobility.’ _Nobility_ is a _common_ noun, _of the_ third person, singular number, _neuter_ gender, and objective case; and is governed by _of_.”–_Kirkham cor._ “_Gh is_ either silent, _as in plough_, or _has_ the sound of _f_, as in _laugh_.”–_Town cor._ “Many _nations_ were destroyed, and as many languages or dialects were lost and blotted out from the general catalogue.”–_Chazotte cor._ “Some languages contain a greater number of moods than others, and _each_ exhibits _its own as_ forms _peculiar to itself_.”–_L. Murray cor._ “A SIMILE is a simple and express comparison; and is generally introduced by _like, as_, or _so_.”–_Id._ See _Inst._, p. 233. “The word _what_ is sometimes improperly used for the conjunction _that_.”–_Priestley, Murray, et al., cor._ “Brown makes _no_ ado _in condemning_ the _absurd_ principles of preceding works, in relation to the gender of pronouns.”–_O. B. Peirce cor._ “The nominative _usually_ precedes the verb, and _denotes the agent of_ the action.”–_Wm. Beck cor._ “Primitive _words_ are those which _are not formed from other words_ more simple.”–_Wright cor._ “In monosyllables, the single vowel _i_ always preserves its long sound before a single consonant with _e_ final; as _in thine, strive_: except in _give_ and _live_, which are short; and in _shire_, which has the sound of long _e_.”–_L. Murray, et al. cor._ “But the person or thing _that is merely_ spoken of, being _frequently_ absent, and _perhaps_ in many respects unknown _to the hearer_, it is _thought more_ necessary, that _the third person_ should be marked by a distinction of gender.”–_Lowth, Mur., et al., cor._ “_Both vowels of every diphthong were_, doubtless, originally _vocal_. Though in many instances _they are_ not _so_ at present, _the_ combinations _in which one only is heard_, still retain the name of diphthongs, _being distinguished from others_ by the term _improper_.”–_L. Mur., et al. cor._ “_Moods are different forms_ of the verb, _each of which expresses_ the being, action, or passion, _in some particular_ manner.”–_Inst._, p. 33; _A. Mur. cor._ “The word THAT is a demonstrative _adjective, whenever_ it is followed by a _noun_ to which it refers.”–_L. Mur. cor._
“The _guilty soul by Jesus wash’d_, Is future glory’s deathless heir.”–_Fairfield cor._
UNDER CRITICAL NOTE IX.–OF WORDS NEEDLESS.
“A knowledge of grammar enables us to express ourselves better in conversation and in writing.”–_Sanborn cor._ “And hence we infer, that there is no dictator here but use.”–_Jamieson cor._ “Whence little is gained, except correct spelling and pronunciation.”–_Town cor._ “The man who is faithfully attached to religion, may be relied on with confidence.”–_Merchant cor._ “Shalt thou build me _a_ house to dwell in?” Or: “Shalt thou build _a_ house for me to dwell in?”–_Bible cor._ “The house was deemed polluted which was entered by so abandoned a woman.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “The farther he searches, the firmer will be his belief.”–_Keith cor._ “I deny not that religion consists in these things.”–_Barclay cor._ “Except the king delighted in her, and she were called by name.”–_Bible cor._ “The proper method of reading these lines, is, to read them as the sense dictates.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “When any words become obsolete, or are used _only in_ particular phrases, it is better to dispense with their service entirely, and give up the phrases.”–_Campbell and Mur cor._ “Those savage people seemed to have no element but war.”–_L. Mur. cor._ “_Man_ is a common noun, of the third person, singular number, masculine gender, and nominative case.”–_J. Flint cor._ “The orator, as circumstances require, will employ them all.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “By deferring repentence [sic–KTH], we accumulate our sorrows.”–_L. Murray cor._ “There is no doubt that public speaking became early an engine of government.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “The different _meanings_ of these two words, may not at first occur.”–_Id._ “The sentiment is well expressed by Plato, but much better by Solomon.”–_L. Murray et al. cor._ “They have had a greater privilege than we.”–_L. Mur. cor._ “Every thing should be so arranged, that what goes before, may give light and force to what follows.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “So that his doctrines were embraced by great numbers.”–_Hist. cor._ “They have taken _an other_ and shorter cut.”–_South cor._ “The imperfect tense of a regular verb is formed from the present by adding _d_ or _ed_; as, _love, loved_.”–_Frost cor._ “The pronoun _their_ does not agree in number with the noun ‘_man_’, for which it stands.”–_Kirkham cor._ “This mark [!] denotes wonder, surprise, joy, grief, or sudden emotion.”–_Bucke cor._ “We all are accountable, each for himself.”–_L. Mur. et al. cor._ “If he has commanded it, I must obey.”–_R. C. Smith cor._ “I now present him a form of the diatonic scale.”–_Barber cor._ “One after an other, their favourite rivers have been reluctantly abandoned.” Or: “One after an other _of_ their favourite rivers have _they_ reluctantly abandoned.”–_Hodgson cor._ “_Particular_ and _peculiar_ are words of different import.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “Some adverbs admit of comparison; as, _soon, sooner, soonest_.”–_Bucke cor._ “Having exposed himself too freely in different climates, he entirely lost his health.”–_L. Mur. cor._ “The verb must agree with its nominative in number and person.”–_Buchanan cor._ “Write twenty short sentences containing adjectives.”–_Abbott cor._ “This general tendency of the language seems to have given occasion to a very great corruption.”– _Churchill’s Gram._, p. 113. “The second requisite of a perfect sentence is _unity_.”–_L. Murray cor._ “It is scarcely necessary to apologize for omitting their names.”–_Id._ “The letters of the English alphabet are twenty-six.”–_Id. et al. cor._ “He who employs antiquated or novel phraseology, must do it with design; he cannot err from inadvertence, as he may with respect to provincial or vulgar expressions.”–_Jamieson cor._ “The vocative case, in some grammars, is wholly omitted; why, if we must have cases, I could never understand.”–_Bucke cor._ “Active verbs are conjugated with the auxiliary verb _have_; passive verbs, with the auxiliary _am_ or _be_.”–_Id._ “What then may AND be called? A conjunction.”–_Smith cor._ “Have they ascertained who gave the information?”–_Bullions cor._
UNDER CRITICAL NOTE X.–OF IMPROPER OMISSIONS.
“All _words signifying concrete_ qualities of things, are called adnouns, or adjectives.”–_Rev. D. Blair cor._ “The _macron_ [[=]] signifies _a_ long or accented syllable, and the breve [[~]] indicates a short or unaccented syllable.”–_Id._ “Whose duty _it_ is, to help young ministers.”–_Friends cor._ “The passage is closely connected with what precedes and _what_ follows.”–_Phil. Mu. cor._ “The work is not completed, but _it_ soon will be.”–_R. C. Smith cor._ “Of whom hast thou been afraid, or _whom hast thou_ feared?”–_Bible cor._ “There is a God who made, and _who_ governs, the world.”–_Bp. Butler cor._ “It was this _that_ made them so haughty.”–_Goldsmith cor._ “How far the whole charge affected him, _it_ is not easy to determine.”–_Id._ “They saw _these wonders of nature_, and _worshiped_ the God that made them.”–_Bucke cor._ “The errors frequent in the use of hyperboles, arise either from overstraining _them_, or _from_ introducing them on unsuitable occasions.”–_L. Mur. cor._ “The preposition _in_ is set before _the names of_ countries, cities, and large towns; as, ‘He lives _in_ France, _in_ London, or _in_ Birmingham.’ But, before _the names of_ villages, single houses, _or foreign_ cities, _at_ is used; as, ‘He lives _at_ Hackney.'”–_Id. et al. cor._ “And, in such recollection, the thing is not figured as in our view, nor _is_ any image formed.”–_Kames cor._ “Intrinsic _beauty_ and relative beauty must be handled separately.”–_Id._ “He should be on his guard not to do them injustice by disguising _them_ or placing them in a false light.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “In _perusing_ that work, we are frequently interrupted by _the author’s_ unnatural thoughts.”–_L. Murray cor._ “To this point have tended all the rules _which_ I have _just_ given.”–_Dr. Blair cor._ “To _this point_ have tended all the rules which have _just_ been given.”–_L. Murray cor._ “Language, as written, or _as_ oral, is addressed to the eye, or to the ear.”–_Journal cor._ “He will learn, Sir, that to accuse and _to_ prove are very different.”–_Walpole cor._ “They crowded around the door so as to prevent others _from_ going out.”–_Abbott cor._ “_A word denoting_ one person or thing, is _of the_ singular number; _a word denoting_ more than one person or thing: is _of the_ plural number.”–_J. Flint cor._ “Nouns, according to the sense or relation in which they are used, are in the nominative, _the_ possessive, or _the objective_ case: thus, Nom. man. Poss. man’s, Obj. man.”–_Rev. D. Blair cor._ “Nouns or pronouns in the possessive case are placed before the nouns which govern them, _and_ to which they belong.”–_Sanborn cor._ “A teacher is explaining the difference between a noun and _a_ verb.”–_Abbott cor._ “And therefore the two ends, or extremities, must directly answer to the north and _the_ south pole.”–_Harris cor._ “WALKS or WALKETH, RIDES or RIDETH, _and_ STANDS or STANDETH, are of the third person singular.”–_Kirkham cor._ “I grew immediately roguish and pleasant, to a _high_ degree, in the same strain.”–_Swift cor._ “An _Anapest_ has the first _two_ syllables unaccented, and the last _one_ accented.”–_Rev. D. Blair cor._; also _Kirkham et al_.; also _L. Mur. et al_. “But hearing and vision differ not more than words spoken and _words_ written.” Or: “But hearing and vision _do not differ_ more than _spoken words_ and written.”–_Wilson cor._ “They are considered by some _authors to be_ prepositions.”–_Cooper cor._ “When those powers have been deluded and _have_ gone astray.”–_Phil Mu. cor._ “They will understand this, and _will_ like it.”–_Abbott cor._ “They had been expelled _from_ their native country Romagna.”–_Hunt cor._ “Future time is expressed _in_ two different ways.”–_Adam and Gould cor._ “Such as the borrowing _of some noted event_ from history.”–_Kames cor._ “Every _finite_ verb must agree with its nominative in number and person.”–_Bucke cor._ “We are struck, we know not how, with the symmetry of any _handsome_ thing we see.”–_L. Murray cor._ “Under this head, I shall consider every thing _that is_ necessary to a good delivery.”–_Sheridan cor._ “A good ear is the gift of nature; it may be much improved, but _it cannot be_ acquired by art.”–_L. Murray cor._ “‘_Truth_’ _is a common_ noun, _of the third person_, singular _number_, neuter _gender_, and nominative _case_.”–_Bullions cor._ by _Brown’s Form_. “‘_Possess_’ _is a regular_ active-transitive verb, _found in_ the indicative mood, present _tense_, third person, _and_ plural number.”–_Id._ “‘_Fear_’ is a _common_ noun, _of the third person_, singular _number_, neuter _gender_, and nominative _case_: and is the subject of _is: according to the Rule which says, ‘A noun or a pronoun which is the subject of a finite verb, must be in the nominative case.’_ Because the meaning is–‘_fear is_.'”–_Id._ “‘_Is_’ is an irregular _neuter_ verb, _from be_, was, _being_, been; _found_ in the indicative _mood_, present _tense_, third person, _and_ singular _number_: and agrees with its nominative _fear_; _according to the_ Rule _which says_, ‘_Every finite_ verb _must agree with its subject, or nominative, in person and number_’ Because the meaning is–‘_fear is_.'”–_Id._ “_Ae in the word Gaelic_, has the sound of long _a_.”–_Wells cor._
UNDER CRITICAL NOTE XI.–OF LITERARY BLUNDERS.
“Repeat some adverbs that are composed of the _prefix or preposition a_ and nouns.”–_Kirkham cor._ “Participles are so called, because _they participate or partake the properties of verbs and of adjectives or nouns_. The Latin word _participium_, which signifies _a participle, is_ derived from _participo_, to partake.”–_Merchant cor._ “The possessive _precedes_ an other noun, and is known by the sign _’s_, or by this ‘, the apostrophe only.”–_Beck cor._ “Reciprocal pronouns, _or compound personal pronouns_, are formed by adding _self_ or _selves_ to the _simple_ possessives _of the first and second persons, and to the objectives of the third person_; as, _myself, yourselves, himself, themselves_.”–_Id._ “The word SELF, and its plural SELVES, _when used separately as names_, must be considered as nouns; _but when joined to the simple pronouns, they are not nouns, but parts of the compound personal pronouns_.”–_Wright cor._ “The _Spondee ‘rolls round_,’ expresses beautifully the majesty of the sun in his course.”–_Webster and Frazee cor._ “_Active-transitive verbs_ govern the objective case; as, ‘John _learned_ his _lesson_.'”–_Frazee cor._ “Prosody primarily signified _accent_, or _the modulation of the voice_; and, as the name implies, related _to poetry, or song_.”–_Hendrick cor._ “On such a principle of forming _them_, there would be as many _moods_ as verbs; and, _in stead_ of four moods, we should have _four thousand three hundred_, which is the number of verbs in the English language, according to Lowth.” [556]–_Hallock cor._ “The phrases, ‘To let _out_ blood,’–‘To go _a_ hunting,’ are _not_ elliptical; for _out_ is needless, and _a_ is a preposition, governing _hunting_.”–_Bullions cor._ “In Rhyme, the last syllable of every _line corresponds in_ sound _with that of some other line or lines_.”–_Id._ “The possessive case plural, _where the nominative ends in s_, has the apostrophe _only_; as, ‘_Eagles’_ wings,’–‘_lions’_ whelps,’–‘_bears’_ claws.'”–_Weld cor._ “‘_Horses-manes_,’ plural, should be written _possessively, ‘horses’ manes_:'” [_one “mane”_ is never possessed by many “_horses_.”]–_Id._ “W takes its _usual_ form from the union of two _Vees_, V being the _figure_ of the Roman capital letter which was anciently called _U_.”–_Fowler cor._ “In the sentence, ‘I saw the lady who sings,’ what word _is nominative to_ SINGS?”–_J. Flint cor._ “In the sentence, ‘This is the pen which John made,’ what word _expresses the object of_ MADE?”–_Id._ “‘That we fall into _no_ sin:’ _no_ is a definitive or pronominal _adjective_, not compared, and relates to _sin_.”–_Rev. D. Blair cor._ “‘That _all_ our doings may be ordered by thy governance:’ _all_ is a pronominal adjective, not compared, and relates to _doings_.”–_Id._ “‘Let him be made _to_ study.’ _Why is_ the sign _to_ expressed before _study_? Because _be made_ is passive; and passive verbs do not take the infinitive after them without the preposition _to_.”–_Sanborn cor._ “The following verbs have _both the preterit tense and the perfect participle like the present_: viz., Cast, cut, cost, shut, let, bid, shed, hurt, hit, put, &c.”–_Buchanan cor._ “The agreement which _any_ word has with _an other_ in person, _number_, gender, _or_ case, is called CONCORD; and _the_ power which one _word_ has over _an other_, in respect to ruling its case, mood, or _form_, is called GOVERNMENT.”–_Bucke cor._ “The word _ticks_ tells what the watch is _doing_.”–_Sanborn cor._ “_The_ Breve ([~]) marks a short vowel or syllable, and the _Macron_ ([=]), a long _one_.”–_Bullions and Lennie cor._ “‘Charles, you, by your diligence, make easy work of the task given you by your preceptor.’ The first _you_ is in the _nominative_ case, being the subject of the verb _make_.”–_Kirkham cor._ “_Uoy_ in _buoy_ is a proper _triphthong; eau_ in _flambeau_ is an improper _triphthong_.”–_Sanborn cor._ “‘While I of things to come, As past rehearsing, sing.’–POLLOK. That is, ‘While I sing of things to come, _as if I were rehearsing things that are_ past.'”–_Kirkham cor._ “A simple sentence _usually_ has in it but one nominative, and _but_ one _finite_ verb.”–_Folker cor._ “An irregular verb is _a verb that does not form the preterit_ and _the_ perfect participle _by assuming d or ed_.”–_Brown’s Inst._, p. 75. “But, when the antecedent is used in a _restricted_ sense, a comma is _sometimes_ inserted before the relative; as, ‘There is no _charm_ in the female sex, _which_ can supply the place of virtue.'”–_L. Murray’s Gram._, p. 273. Or: “But, when the antecedent is used in a _restricted_ sense, no comma is _usually_ inserted before the relative; as, ‘There is in the female sex no _charm which_ can supply the place of virtue.'”–_Kirkham cor._ “Two capitals _used_ in this way, denote _different words_; but _one repeated, marks_ the plural number: as, L. D. _Legis Doctor_; LL. D. _Legum Doctor_.”–_Gould cor._ “Was any person _present besides_ the mercer? Yes; his clerk.”–_L. Murray cor._ “The word _adjective_ comes from the Latin _adjectivum_; and this, from _ad_, to, and _jacio_, I cast.”–_Kirkham cor._ “Vision, or _Imagery_, is a figure _by which the speaker represents the objects of his imagination_, as actually before _his_ eyes, and _present to his senses_. Thus Cicero, in his fourth oration against Cataline: ‘I seem to myself to behold this city, the ornament of the earth, and the capital of all nations, suddenly involved in one conflagration. I see before me the slaughtered heaps of citizens lying unburied in the midst of their ruined country. The furious countenance of Ceth[=e]’gus rises to my view, while with savage joy he is triumphing in your miseries.'”–_Dr. Blair cor._; also _L. Murray_. “When _two or more_ verbs follow the same nominative, _an_ auxiliary _that is common to them both or all_, is _usually expressed to_ the first, and understood to the rest: as, ‘He _has gone_ and _left_ me;’ that is, ‘He _has gone_ and _has left_ me.'”–_Comly cor._ “When I use the word _pillar to denote a column that supports_ an edifice, I employ it literally.”–_Hiley cor._ “_In poetry_, the conjunction _nor_ is often used for _neither_; as
‘A stately superstructure, that _nor_ wind, Nor wave, nor shock of falling years, could move.’–POLLOK.”–_Id._
UNDER CRITICAL NOTE XII–OF PERVERSIONS.
“In the beginning God created the _heaven_ and the earth.”–_Genesis_, i, 1. “Canst thou by searching find out _God_?”–_Job_, xi, 7. “Great _and marvellous are thy works_, Lord _God Almighty_; just and true are thy ways, thou King of saints.”–_Rev._, xv. 3. “_Not_ every one that saith unto me, Lord, Lord, shall enter into the kingdom of heaven.”–_Matt._, vii, 21. “Though he was rich, yet for _your_ sakes he became poor.”–_2 Cor._, viii, 9. “Whose foundation was _overthrown_ with a flood.”–SCOTT’S BIBLE: _Job_, xxii, 16. “Take my yoke upon _you, and learn of me_;” &c.–_Matt._, xi, 29. “I _go_ to prepare a place for you.”–_John_, xiv, 2. “_And you_ hath he quickened, who _were_ dead _in_ trespasses _and sins_.”–_Ephesians_, ii, 1. “Go, flee thee away into the land of _Judah_.”–_Amos_, vii, 12; _Lowth’s Gram._, p. 44. Or: “Go, flee away into the land of _Judah_.”–_Hart cor._ “Hitherto shalt thou come, _but_ no _further_.”–_Job_, xxxviii, 11. “The day is thine, the night also is thine.”–_Psal._, lxxiv, 16. “_Tribulation_ worketh patience; and patience, experience; and experience, hope.”–_Romans_, v, 4. “_Then_ shall the dust return to _the earth as it was_; and the _spirit shall return unto God_ who gave it.”–_Ecclesiastes_, xii, 7. “_At the last_ it biteth like a serpent, and stingeth like an adder. _Thine eyes shall behold strange women_, and _thine heart shall_ utter perverse things: _Yea_, thou _shalt_ be _as he that_ lieth down in the midst of the sea.”–_Prov._, xxiii, 32, 33, 34. “The memory of the just _is blessed_; but the name of the wicked shall rot.”–_Prov._, x, 7. “He that is slow _to_ anger, is better than the mighty; _and_ he that ruleth his spirit, than he that taketh a city.”–_Prov._, xvi, 32. “_For whom the Lord loveth_, he correcteth; _even_ as _a_ father the son in whom he delighteth.”–_Prov._, iii, 12. “The _first-future_ tense _is that which expresses_ what _will_ take place hereafter.”–_Brown’s Inst. of E. Gram._, p. 54. “Teach me to feel another’s woe, To hide _the fault_ I see.”–_Pope’s Univ. Prayer_. “Surely thou art one of them; for thou art a _Galilean_.”–_Mark_, xiv, 70. “Surely thou also art one of them; for thy speech bewrayeth thee.”–_Matt._, xxvi, 73. “Strait is the gate, and narrow _is_ the way, _which leadeth_ unto life.”–_Matt._, vii, 14. “Thou buildest the wall, that thou _mayest_ be their king.”–_Nehemiah_, vi, 6. “There is forgiveness with thee, that thou _mayest_ be feared.”–_Psalms_, cxxx, 4. “But yesterday, the word _of Caesar_ might Have stood against the world.”–_Beauties of Shakspeare_, p. 250. “The North-East spends _his_ rage.”–_Thomson’s Seasons_, p. 34. “Tells how the drudging _goblin_ swet.”–_Milton’s Allegro_, l. 105. “And to his faithful _champion_ hath in place _Borne_ witness gloriously.”–_Milton’s Sam. Agon._, l. 1752. “Then, if thou _fall’st_, O Cromwell, Thou _fall’st_ a blessed martyr.”–_Beauties of Shakspeare_, p. 173. Better: “Then, if thou _fall_, O Cromwell! thou _fallst_ a blessed martyr.”–_Shak. and Kirk. cor._ “I see the dagger-crest of Mar, I see the