[Footnote 25: _I have no skill in that_. Ingenuously.]
[Footnote 26: _One really cannot be more considerate_, #pas# is emphatic.]
#Page 8.#
[Footnote 27: #petite marquise!# _you little aristocrat!_]
[Footnote 28: #s’il est gai#, _isn’t he light-hearted?_ or, _how light-hearted he is!_]
[Footnote 29: #Cimarosa# (1740-1801), Italian composer, noted for the graceful charm of his vocal music, especially in light opera.]
#Page 9.#
[Footnote 30: #bien ne#, _of noble birth_, of aristocratic breeding.]
[Footnote 31: #bien de sa personne#, _pleasing in his appearance._]
[Footnote 32: #bonne compagnie#, _good breeding_, good society.]
[Footnote 33: #me mettent hors de moi#, _exasperate me_.]
[Footnote 34: #nous deconsidere#, _is humiliating_ or _derogatory to us_.]
ACT I. SCENE 4.
#Page 10.#
[Footnote 35: Leonie, by thus endeavoring to shield Charles from blame, betrays the dawning of her love.]
[Footnote 36: #Du tout#, _Not at all_.]
#Page 11.#
[Footnote 37: Leonie naively mistakes her anger with herself for loving Charles for anger with Charles. This is a true and charming bit of feminine psychology.]
ACT I. SCENE 5.
[Footnote 38: #mechant enfant#, _you naughty boy_. Affectionately reproachful.]
#Page 12.#
[Footnote 39: #il#. She uses the third person singular, as one might in affectionately reproving a child.]
[Footnote 40: #il s’agit de vos jours#, _your life is at stake_.]
[Footnote 41: #Consulat# and #Empire#, governments of France from 1799 to 1804, and from 1804 to 1814, and for some months in 1815.]
[Footnote 42: #n’en pensent mais#, equivalent to _n’en peuvent mais, can’t help it_, or, _have nothing to do with it_. This use of _mais_ (Latin _magis_) is colloquial.]
[Footnote 43: #en verve#, _on his mettle_.]
#Page 13.#
[Footnote 44: #crieurs des rues#, _newsmongers_, men corresponding somewhat to our newsboys.]
[Footnote 45: #soeur#. Cp. p.11, line 21.]
#Page 14.#
[Footnote 46: #A la bonne heure!# _Well done_, here, but with very varied shades of meaning, that must be caught always from the context.]
[Footnote 47: The campaign of 1812-1813 is meant. Its chief events were the burning of Moscow (October, 1812), Napoleon’s very disastrous retreat thence, and the defeat of the French at Leipzig in October, 1813.]
[Footnote 48: See p. 2, note 1.]
[Footnote 49: #voiture de place#, _public cab_.]
[Footnote 50: #Lambert#. Curiously enough, the three Lamberts known to the history of this time were all _emigres_, and one of them a Russian general during the invasion of France. The name is therefore somewhat unfortunately chosen.]
#Page 15.#
[Footnote 51: #decoration#, i.e., the Cross of the Legion of Honor, founded by Napoleon I., and since always regarded as the highest of such distinctions in France. The cross is not usually worn, but in its place a bit of red ribbon in the buttonhole.]
[Footnote 52: #n’y serais plus#, i.e., should have been already shot.]
ACT I. SCENE 6.
[Footnote 53: #bien#, _properly dressed_, “all right.” Cp. p. 9, note 2.]
[Footnote 54: #cravate#, _neck-band_. Part of her riding-habit.]
ACT I. SCENE 7.
#Page 16.#
[Footnote 55: #il le croit#, _he really thinks so_, while in fact he would be frightened.]
[Footnote 56: #Ah! ca#, _Come now_. Often the phrase indicates impatience or surprise. For instance, p.45, line 8.]
[Footnote 57: #Bucephale#, _Bucephalus_, famous horse of Alexander the Great.]
ACT I. SCENE 9.
#Page 17.#
[Footnote 58: #par etat#, _by my profession_ as _maitre des requetes_.]
[Footnote 59: #tiens de#, _take after_, or _inherit from_.]
#Page 18.#
[Footnote 60: #pointe#, like #fougueux# and #enfourcher# below, is in this sense (_dawns, rises_) rhetorical and poetic.]
[Footnote 61: #emporte#, _carried the day_.]
[Footnote 62: #provoquer#, i.e., to a duel such as became almost epidemic in France in the years that followed Waterloo (1815).]
ACT I. SCENE 10.
#Page 19.#
[Footnote 63: #J’aime autant#, _I’d just as lief_. Contrast this timidity with the assumed boldness of the close.]
ACT I. SCENE 11.
#Page 20.#
[Footnote 64: #en voulais#, _were angry with_. Cp. p.22, line 27; p.26, line 12; p.57, line 12.]
#Page 21.#
[Footnote 65: #flacon#, _vinaigrette_, bottle of smelling-salts.]
[Footnote 66: #evanouie#. This fainting combined with feminine tact the advantages of consciousness and unconsciousness.]
[Footnote 67: #inquietude#, because she sees already a prospective rival in her love.]
#Page 22.#
[Footnote 68: #avec abandon#, _yielding to her emotion_.]
[Footnote 69: #quinze jours#, _fortnight_. Cp. _huit jours_, “week.”]
[Footnote 70: #m’en voulez#, _are displeased with me_, “lay it up against me.” Cp. p.20, note 1.]
[Footnote 71: #toi#. Except when used of deity _tu_, _te_ and _toi_ imply endearment or condescension, as, e.g., to servants, children, animals, etc. The change from _toi_ to _vous_ would therefore imply a coolness between the aunt and niece.]
#Page 23.#
[Footnote 72: #Va-t’en#, _Leave me_, Let me be alone.]
[Footnote 73: #A la bonne heure#, _Well_, expressing surprise and relief that the countess has dismissed her with a kiss.]
ACT I. SCENE 12.
#Page 24.#
[Footnote 74: #servons-nous-en#, _I’ll put it to the proof_. Since the French have no first person singular imperative, they are forced to use either the plural, as here, or the subjunctive.]
ACT I. SCENE 13.
#Page 25.#
[Footnote 75: #mon dieu#, _heavens_! He is frightened at his own courage. When _dieu_ contains no thought of deity, I consider it more reverent to use _d_. French usage varies. Cp. p.5, note 2.]
#Page 26.#
[Footnote 76: #avec joie# at the thought that she is still beautiful enough to be loved by a young man, and so possibly by Henri. De Grignon naturally misinterprets it.]
[Footnote 77: #dussiez-vous#, _even though you should_. The imperfect subjunctive, being avoided (See p.3, note 3), has, when used, a peculiar emphasis.]
[Footnote 78: #Bal champetre#, _Rural dancing party_, or festival, at which the masters may mingle with their servants and retainers.]
#Page 27.#
[Footnote 79: #nous jugera#, i.e., _judge between us_.]
[Footnote 80: #Et moi donc#, equivalent to, _And think how I must feel_.]
ACT II. SCENE 1.
[Footnote 81: #marechal des logis de dragons#, _sergeant of dragoons_.]
#Page 28.#
[Footnote 82: #prefet#, _prefect_, governor of a department, appointed by the central authority. There are now in France 87 departments, divided into 362 arrondissements and some 36,000 communes.]
[Footnote 83: #parfaite#, _very courteous_ or _kind_.]
[Footnote 84: #bien en cour#, _a favorite at court_.]
[Footnote 85: #fermes#, _homesteads_, tenantries.]
#Page 29.#
[Footnote 86: #demi-lieue#. As now used the _lieue_ is colloquially 4 kilometres, or 2-1/2 miles. The old _lieue_ was of 4,444 metres, or not quite 3 miles, and there is also a _lieue marine_ of 5,555 metres, or 3 nautical miles. Say: _hardly a mile and a half_.]
[Footnote 87: #Si#, _Of course_, or _Certainly_, here.]
#Page 30.#
[Footnote 88: #quel bonheur#, _how fortunate_, i.e., for me.]
#Page 31.#
[Footnote 89: #brigadier#, _sergeant_.–#expres#, _messenger_.]
[Footnote 90: #tiens a#, _desire to_.]
#Page 32.#
[Footnote 91: #n’assistiez seulement pas#, _were not even present_.]
[Footnote 92: #duo#, _duet_. Italian.]
#Page 33.#
[Footnote 93: #brava#, _good_. Feminine of the Italian _bravo_. This grammatical accuracy shows good breeding.]
#Page 34.#
[Footnote 94: #cadette#, _younger_. Properly of sisters, but see dictionary.]
[Footnote 95: #original#, _curious, queer_, “peculiar.” Distinguish from _originel_, “original.”]
[Footnote 96: #cantabile# (sound the _e_-final), _piece of vocal music_. Italian.]
#Page 35.#
[Footnote 97: #incultes#, _uncultivated_ in musical matters.]
[Footnote 98: #gauche#, _embarrassed_, rather than “awkward.”]
[Footnote 99: #tenait de#, _had a sort of_.]
#Page 36.#
[Footnote 100: #arbre fortune#, i.e., the orange-tree.]
[Footnote 101: #ses yeux … a lui#, _his eyes–you know whom I mean_.]
#Page 37.#
[Footnote 102: #effacees#, _drawn back_ and down so as to set off the corsage.]
[Footnote 103: #Que trop#, _Only too charming_.]
#Page 38.#
[Footnote 104: #depare#. Note the play on #parer#, and compare the English saying: Beauty when unadorned is most adorned.]
[Footnote 105: #rester court#, _stop short_ from embarrassment.]
[Footnote 106: #J’y suis#, _I have it_, i.e., know what I will do.]
ACT II. SCENE 4.
#Page 39.#
[Footnote 107: #traversent#, _cross over_. A figure in the quadrille.]
ACT II. SCENE 6.
#Page 40.#
[Footnote 108: #a en etre#, _have a part in it_.]
[Footnote 109: #Toujours du roman#, _You are always a little romantic_ in your ideas.]
#Page 41.#
[Footnote 110: #m’en defendre#, _help it_.]
[Footnote 111: #Qu’ … belle#, _How beautiful_. Though this use of _que_ is very common, it often puzzles beginners.]
[Footnote 112: #vienne la sentence#, _let the sentence come_. Optative.]
[Footnote 113: #madrigaux#, _pretty speeches_; properly “madrigals,” or love-songs, in the artificial pastoral manner. Originally a form of musical composition.]
#Page 42.#
[Footnote 114: #desinteressement#, _unselfish devotion_. This speech is a good example of what the French call _blague_,–a sort of light-hearted mockery of moral ideals. See my note to “Le Gendre de monsieur Poirier,” p. 5, note 7.]
#Page 43.#
[Footnote 115: #original#, _queer_, “a strange coincidence.” Not “original” (_originel_), Cp. p. 34, note 2.]
ACT II. SCENE 8.
[Footnote 116: #Que de#, _How many_.–#a#, i.e., _I ought to_.–#me valoir#, _gain for me_.]
[Footnote 117: #de plus longue date#, _for longer_, since a longer time.]
[Footnote 118: #a titre d’#, _because you were an_, here.]
#Page 44.#
[Footnote 119: The countess says that she will place him under such obligations as to make any adequate return difficult, but she means to convey to the audience the malicious implication that she will make it hard (#difficile#) for him to feel any gratitude to her at all.]
[Footnote 120: #Sa Majeste#, i.e., Louis XVIII. Note the gender.]
#Page 45.#
[Footnote 121: #c’en est fait#, _it’s all over with that_.]
[Footnote 122: #Horace#, _Horatius_, the hero of Corneille’s tragedy _Horace_, one of three brothers who fought for Rome against the Alban brothers Curiatii, who were their relatives by marriage. In speaking to his brother-in-law of the approaching fight Horace uses the words (Act II., Scene 3):
_Albe vous a nomme, je ne vous connais plus,_
a verse which is here parodied. For the story of the Horatii, see any classical dictionary.]
[Footnote 123: #un peu long# because its former half has, when pronounced according to the rules of French prosody, seven syllables, while an alexandrine hemistich should have but six, as this will have if _bonapartiste_ is spoken without the final _e_.]
[Footnote 124: #Corneille# (1606-1684) was the first of the great French classical dramatists, and in the opinion of many the greatest French tragic poet.]
[Footnote 125: #Ah! ca#, _By the way_. Cp. p. 16, note 2.]
#Page 46.#
[Footnote 126: #inqualifiable#, _unspeakable_.–#sanglante#, _outrageous_. Both adjectives are too strong to accord with the rest of the scene.]
[Footnote 127: _Attend to your duties_ and go.]
[Footnote 128: The year indicated is 1799, when the Vendeeans had been excited by English emissaries to a revolt from their temporary submission to General Hoche in 1795. But this does not agree with the statement of p. 47, line 32.]
[Footnote 129: #procureur#, _prosecuting officer_, who combined the functions of the modern _procureur_ and the _juge d’instruction_,–functions that have nothing corresponding to them in English justice or in American procedure.]
#Page 47.#
[Footnote 130: #a ma barbe#, “_under my nose,_” “_before my very eyes._”]
[Footnote 131: #Moreau# (1763-1813), “the greatest general of the French republic after Napoleon and Hoche,” after winning the great victory of Hohenlinden, December, 1800, intrigued against Napoleon, and was forced to leave France in 1804. He continued his scheming while in exile, and in 1813, while serving in the Russian army, he was mortally wounded at the Battle of Dresden. But before leaving France he, or more probably his ambitious wife, had gathered all the elements of discontent with the self-seeking of Napoleon into a cabal called the _club Moreau_, of which these fugitive #compagnons# may be supposed to be members, for the club was relentlessly suppressed by Napoleon.]
[Footnote 132: #98# (_quatre-vingt-dix-huit_). #1804# (_mil huit cent quatre_). These are not the dates indicated, p. 46, line 20, or p. 47, line 6. #1804# is not _douze ans apres_ (p. 47, line 6) either #1798# or #1799#. Then, too, ’98 was a comparatively quiet year in Vendee. On the other hand the countess would have been, as she says (p. 46, line 33), then fourteen if she was thirty-three (p. 7, line 25) in 1817.]
#Page 48.#
[Footnote 133: #mansarde#, _attic_ or _garret_. Properly a sort of gambrel-roof introduced into France by the architect Mansard (d. 1666).]
[Footnote 134: #defiance#, _mistrust_.]
[Footnote 135: #Prenez des forces#, _recruit your strength_.]
ACT II. SCENE 9.
#Page 50.#
[Footnote 136: #Ou veut-il en venir#, _What is he “driving at?”_]
[Footnote 137: #surcroit de gages#, _in addition to your wages_.]
[Footnote 138: #Le voici#, _He’s caught_, i.e., he has yielded to the temptation of Montrichard’s bribe.]
[Footnote 139: #de l’argent gagne#. There is a _double entente_ here. Montrichard understands “money as good as earned,” because Henri feels sure of success. Henri means that the audience shall understand him to say “money already earned,” because he has already shown the outlaw to Montrichard.]
ACT II. SCENE 10.
#Page 51.#
[Footnote 140: #Et d’un#, _There’s one_.]
[Footnote 141: #personnage muet#, _man who doesn’t count_. Technically one who appears on the stage but does not speak.]
[Footnote 142: #cour prevotale#, _provost court_, or “court martial,” “a criminal tribunal temporarily established, and judging without appeal” (Littre).]
[Footnote 143: #bord#, _party, side,_ or _way of thinking_. See also dictionary.]
[Footnote 144: #notre classe#. This is a delightful touch. Montrichard, having been republican and bonapartist, now chooses to regard himself as one of the original aristocracy.]
#Page 52.#
[Footnote 145: #signalement#, _description_ issued by the police for the identification of fugitives from justice.]
[Footnote 146: #avait le temps#. This bears out the regret of Leonie, p. 2, line 16.]
[Footnote 147: #romanesque#, _romantic_. Note that while at the date of this play, 1851, romanticism was no longer the fashion for men in Paris, it was still thought attractive in young girls, especially among the landed aristocracy. See my edition of “Le Gendre de monsieur Poirier,” p. 46, note 3.]
#Page 54.#
[Footnote 148: #pour acquit de conscience#, _to ease my conscience_.]
[Footnote 149: #placards#, cupboards with a suggestion of hiding-chambers, such as were built in the thick walls and enormous chimneys (#cheminees#) of many ancient houses both on the Continent and in England.]
[Footnote 150: #garcons de ferme#, _farm-hands_.–#hommes de peine#, _laborers_, here perhaps the stable-boys and grooms.]
#Page 55.#
[Footnote 151: That is, _friends whose lives depend on his life_.]
#Page 56.# [Footnote 152: The humor is the same here as p. 50, line 26.]
[Footnote 153: #une malheureuse … courage#, _a poor, faithless coward_.]
ACT II. SCENE 15.
#Page 58.#
[Footnote 154: #brigadier#, _sergeant_, commanding from four to six _gendarmes_ or mounted police. See p.31, note 1.]
ACT III. SCENE 1.
#Page 59.#
[Footnote 155: #trop#, _quite_, here.]
#Page 61.#
[Footnote 156: #fosses#, _moat_, for this was an ancient ancestral castle.]
[Footnote 157: #Par exemple#, _However_, here.]
[Footnote 158: #donne sur#, _fronts on_, looks out on.]
[Footnote 159: #bouquet de bois#, _clump of trees_, here.]
[Footnote 160: #galonne#, _trimmed_ with gold lace.]
[Footnote 161: #Quand je#, _Didn’t I_.]
ACT III. SCENE 2.
#Page 62.#
[Footnote 162: #la#, equivalent to _preoccupied with_.]
[Footnote 163: #chateaux en Espagne#, _castles in Spain_, i.e., air castles, foolish fancies.]
#Page 63.#
[Footnote 164: #j’ai failli me jeter#, _I almost threw myself_. Literally, “I just missed throwing myself.”]
#Page 64.#
[Footnote 165: #les jours#, _the life_. Common in exalted and classical styles.]
[Footnote 166: #Du tout#, _Not at all_.]
[Footnote 167: #guides#, _reins_.]
#Page 66.#
[Footnote 168: #pousse#, i.e., _into what a self-contradictory position my double nature has forced me_. Cp. pp. 17, 18.]
ACT III. SCENE 3.
[Footnote 169: #ouvrage#, _fancy work_.]
ACT III. SCENE 4.
#Page 67.#
[Footnote 170: #donnerez pas le change#, _put off the scent_. A hunting term.]
[Footnote 171: #m’en garderais bien#, i.e., _take good care not to_, pretending that his search amuses her because it will certainly fail.]
[Footnote 172: #Ah! ca#, _Really now_. Mockingly.]
ACT III. SCENE 5.
#Page 69.#
[Footnote 173: #en bourgeois#, _in citizen’s dress_. Similarly, _en domestique_, p.70, line 11.]
ACT III, SCENE 6.
#Page 70.#
[Footnote 174: #Dieu#, etc., _Goodness, how afraid I am that I shall be afraid_.]
#Page 71.#
[Footnote 175: #a moi#, _in my service_.]
[Footnote 176: #en reponds#, _answer for him_, i.e., guarantee his innocence.]
#Page 73.#
[Footnote 177: #grand dieu#, _great heavens, do you call that wit and tact! Do you suppose_, etc.]
#Page 74.#
[Footnote 178: #vous payer de#, _repay you for_. Note the difference between this and _vous payer tout_, “pay you all.”]
ACT III. SCENE 7.
[Footnote 179: #courrier#, _despatch_, here. Cp. p.4, line 17.]
#Page 75.#
[Footnote 180: #passe avant#, _takes precedence of_. The term is from aristocratic etiquette.]
[Footnote 181: #j’y pense#, _it just occurs to me_.]
ACT III. SCENE 9.
#Page 78.#
[Footnote 182: #prerogatives#, _consideration_. For instance, one might choose to be shot rather than guillotined, to look death in the face with unbandaged eyes, and to give the command to fire, all matters regarded as questions of honor by soldiers sentenced to death.]
[Footnote 183: #sans bruit#, _unostentatiously_, but de Grignon takes it literally. The rest of this scene recalls not unsuccessfully Moliere’s _sans dot_ in “l’Avare,” Act I., Scene 5.]
ACT III. SCENE 10.
#Page 80.#
[Footnote 184: #de gaiete de coeur#, _frivolously_ or _wantonly_, here.]
ACT III. SCENE 11.
#Page 81.#
[Footnote 185: #reellement# is meant to hint a pity that foreshadows the dawn of the love suggested in p. 93, line 7.]
#Page 82.#
[Footnote 186: #tant y a-t-il que#, _any way this much is certain that_.]
[Footnote 187: #j’ai ce qu’il me faut#. The phrase has a touch of irony that is not in de Grignon’s character.]
ACT III. SCENE 12.
#Page 83.#
[Footnote 188: #feu de file#, _volley fire_.]
#Page 85.#
[Footnote 189: #je le voudrais bien#, _I wish it had been_, it would have been so comical. This was of course practically a confession.]
#Page 86.#
[Footnote 190: #vingt-cinq louis#. See p. 72, line 28.]
ACT III. SCENE 13.
#Page 87.#
[Footnote 191: #il# is masculine; _wherever he may be found_.]
ACT III. SCENE 14.
#Page 88.#
[Footnote 192: #je le pense#, _I really think so_. He is surprised at the change in his character that his magnanimity has produced in him; a psychological touch as delicate as it is true.]
[Footnote 193: #en sentinelle#, _play the sentinel_.]
ACT III. SCENE 15.
#Page 89.#
[Footnote 194: #lui en veux#, _are hurt with him for it_. For the ordinary use, cp. p. 20, line 29, and p. 85, line 16.]
#Page 90.#
[Footnote 195: #promesse#, alluding to p.74.]
[Footnote 196: #de grace#, _for mercy’s sake_.]
#Page 91.#
[Footnote 197: Note that to the very end Leonie does not suspect either her aunt’s love or her self-sacrifice.]
[Footnote 198: #jupes#. Fortunately for the possibility of this concealment, neither the _skirts_ of 1817, nor those of 1851, were like those of recent years.]
ACT III, SCENE 16.
[Footnote 199: _Amnesty_ to political offenders was the settled policy of Louis XVIII. from the first, though he was often thwarted by his advisers.]
#Page 92.#
[Footnote 200: #y avons donne#, _have fallen into it_, i.e., the trap.]
#Page 93.#
[Footnote 201: #vous avez beau dire#, _it is vain for you to protest_.]
[Footnote 202: #chemin faisant#, _on the way_.]
[Footnote 203: #Ne parlons pas de cela#. This is as far as she can becomingly go; and yet so far she must go. We should be disappointed if de Grignon’s devotion were left without hope of reward, and yet the wound must be healed before the new love can declare itself.]
[Footnote 204: #les as et les rois#, _the leading honors_ at cards. There is a double play on these words in what follows. First, the countess gently reproaches Henri for failing in the traditional loyalty of his family to the restored royal family; then, secondly, she alludes to the rivalry of herself and Leonie as a strife of queens (#bataille de dames#), to whom Henri is the #roi# who can make a “marriage” (technical term at cards) with either he will.]
VOCABULARY
NOTE. Articles and their contractions with _a_ and _de_, personal and possessive pronouns and words to be rendered in every case by like words in English (e.g. _action, affection_) are omitted in this vocabulary. Irregularly formed plurals and the feminine endings of adjectives are noted. Irregular verbal forms are entered in alphabetical order.
A
#a#, _see_ #avoir#.
#a#, at, in, to, for, from, with;
#etre —-#, belong to;
#—- ce que#, as.
#abandon#, _m._; #avec —-#, unrestrained.
#abandonner#, abandon.
#abime#, _m._, abyss, destruction.
#abord#; #d’—-#, in the first place, at first.
#absolument#, absolutely.
#absoudre#, absolve, _p. 24, l. 22,_ make guiltless.
#absurde#, absurd.
#accabler#, overwhelm.
#accent#, _m._, tone, accent; _p. 9, l. 7,_ #—- de bonne compagnie#, refinement of manners.
#accepter#, accept, receive.
#accompagner#, accompany, escort.
#accomplir#, fulfil, accomplish.
#accord#, _m._; #d’—-#, _p. 77, l. 4,_ agreed.
#accorder#, allow, grant.
#accrocher#; #s’—-#, be caught.
#accuser#, charge, accuse.
#acheter#, buy.
#achever#, finish.
#acquit#, _m._, acquittal, receipt;
_p.54, l.9,_ #pour —- de#, to ease.
#acquitter#, acquit;
#s’—- de#, fulfil, discharge.
#acte#, _f._, act.
#acti-f, -ve#, active.
#adieu#, good-bye.
#adjectif#, _m._, adjective.
#admirable#, wonderful, admirable.
#admirer#, wonder at, admire.
#adopter#, adopt.
#adorer#, worship.
#adresse#, _f._, skill, cleverness, tact; address.
#adresser#, address;
#s’—-#, apply.
#adroitement#, skillfully, adroitly.
#adversaire#, _m._, adversary.
#affaire#, _f._, affair; _pl._, business.
#affecter#, affect, stimulate, make a show of.
#affliger#, afflict, grieve.
#affreu-x, -se#, dreadful.
#age#, _m._, age;
_p.30, l.10,_ #en bas —-#, young.
#agir#, act;
#s’—- de#, be about, concern; _p. 12, l. 9,_ be at stake.
#agitation#, _f._, agitation, restlessness.
#agiter#; #s’—-#, be restless, be excited, be wrought up.
#ah#, oh.
#aide#, _f._, help.
#aider#, help, assist.
#aie#, _see_ #avoir#.
#aille#, _see_ #aller#.
#ailleurs#, elsewhere;
#d’—-#, besides.
#aimer#, love, like;
#—- mieux#, prefer.
#aine#, oldest, elder.
#ainsi#, so, thus, therefore.
#air#, _m._, air, look; aria (_music_).
#aise#, _f._, comfort;
_p. 77, l. 26,_ #etre a mon —-#, feel comfortable.
#ait#, _see_ #avoir#.
#ajouter#, add.
#ajuster#, straighten; _p.15, l.22,_ “fix.”
#alarmer#; #s’—-#, become alarmed.
#alerte#, _f._, alarm.
#Allemagne#, _f_., Germany.
#aller#, go, become, walk; be going to; be becoming; #s’en —-#, take leave, go away;
#—- chercher#, go and get;
#—- voir#, go and see.
#allie#, _m._, ally.
#allons!# come! cheer up! never mind!
#alors#, then.
#amabilite#, _f._, amiability.
#ame#, _f._, soul, heart, feeling.
#amener#, bring, lead, take to.
#ami#, _m._, #-e#, _f._, friend.
#amitie#, _f._, friendship.
#amnistie#, _f._, amnesty.
#amour#, _m._, love.
#amoureu-x, -se#, in love, lover.
#amusant, -e#, amusing.
#amuser#, entertain, amuse.
#an#, _m._, year.
#ancien, -ne#, old, former.
#ange#, _m._, angel.
#angelique#, angelic.
#anglais, -e#, English.
#angoisse#, _f._, anguish.
#animer#, enliven, animate.
#annee#, _f._, year.
#annoncer#, repeat, announce.
#antichambre#, _f._, reception room.
#antipathie#, _f._, antipathy, repulsion.
#anxiete#, _m._, solicitude, anxiety.
#apercevoir#, notice, perceive.
#apercoit, apercu#, _see_ #apercevoir#.
#apparaitre#, appear.
#apparence#, _f._, appearance.
#appartement#, _m._, room (_properly_) suite of rooms.
#appartenir#, belong.
#appartient#, _see_ #appartenir#.
#appeler#, call;
#s’—-#, be called.
#applaudir#, applaud.
#apporter#, carry, bring.
#apprendre#, learn, teach, discover, inform, tell how.
#appreter#, prepare.
#appris#, _see_ #apprendre#.
#approcher; s’—- de#, approach, come near to.
#approuver#, approve.
#apres#, after; afterwards.
#arbre#, _m._, tree.
#ardent, -e#, fiery, ardent.
#argent#, _m._, silver, money.
#arme, -e#, armed.
#armee#, _f._, army.
#armoire#, _f._, closet, cupboard.
#arracher#, snatch, tear.
#arrestation#, _f._, arrest.
#arret#, _m._, decree, arrest.
#arreter#, arrest, stop;
#s’—-#, stop.
#arrivee#, _f._, arrival.
#arriver#, arrive, come, succeed, happen.
#as#, _m._, ace (_at cards_).
#as#, _see_ #avoir#.
#ascendant#, _m._, ascendancy.
#asile#, _m._, asylum, refuge.
#asseoir; s’—-#, sit, be seated.
#asseyez#, _see_ #asseoir#.
#assez#, enough.
#assied, assis#, _see_ #asseoir#.
#assister (a)#, attend, be present at.
#assoie#, _see_ #asseoir#.
#assurer#, assure.
#attacher#, attach.
#attaquer#, attack, _p. 34, l. 31,_ begin to sing.
#atteindre#, reach, strike, attain.
#atteler#, harness (_horses_).
#attendant; en —-#, meanwhile;
#en —- que#, until.
#attendre#, wait, await;
#s’—- a#, expect.
#attirail#, _m._, _p. 46, l. 2,_ train.
#au-devant de#, in front of.
#aucun,-e#, anyone, some one;
#ne … —-#, no one, none, not any.
#audace#, _f._, assurance, audacity.
#aujourd’hui#, today;
#d’—-#, _p. 16, l. 2,_ today.
#auparavant#, before; _p. 36, l. 27,_ first.
#aupres de#, near, with.
#aurai#, _etc._, #aurais#, _etc._, _see_ #avoir#.
#aussi#, also, and so;
#—- … que#, as … as.
#aussitot#, immediately;
#—- que#, as soon as.
#autant#, as much, as well; the same.
#autour de#, around, about.
#autre#, other.
#avance#, _f._, advance;
#d’—-#, in advance.
#avancer#, bring up;
#s’—-#, come forward.
#avant#, before.
#avec#, with.
#avenir#, _m._, future;
#a l’—-#, hereafter.
#aventure#, _f._, adventure.
#aversion#, _f._, dislike, aversion.
#avertir#, inform, give notice.
#aveu#, _m._, admission, confession.
#avis#, _m._, opinion, notice.
#avoir#, have;
#y —-#, be, be the matter;
#—- besoin de#, be in need of, want to; #—- peur#, be afraid;
#—- raison#, be right;
#—- tort#, be wrong;
#—- beau# (_with infinitive_), in vain (_with finite verb_).
#avouer#, acknowledge, confess.
#ayant#, _see_ #avoir#.
#azalea#, _f._, azalea.
B
#bah!# pooh! really!
#baiser#, kiss.
#baiser#, _m._, kiss.
#baisser#, lower, cast down (_eyes_).
#bal#, _m._, ball (_dancing_).
#balle#, _f._, ball, bullet.
#bander#, bandage.
#barbe#, _f._, beard:
#a ma —-#, under my nose.
#barque#, _f._, boat.
#bas, -se#, low; _p. 16, l. 4,_
#au —- du perron#, at the foot of the steps.
#bat, bats#, _see_ #battre#.
#bataille#, _f._, battle.
#battre#, beat.
#beau, bel, belle#, fair, beautiful;
#avoir —-#, _see_ #avoir#.
#beaucoup#, much, many.
#beni, -e#, blessed.
#benir#, bless.
#besoin#, _m._, need.
#betement#, stupidly.
#bien#, well, very well; surely, really, indeed, of course; right, in order, proper; however; _p. 28, l. 21,_ well liked; _p. 11, l. 11,_ nicely;
#en —-#, _p. 92, l. 27,_ for good; #eh —-#, well! well?
#c’est —-#, all right, that will do; #voudrais —-#, should like.
#bienfaitrice#, _f._, benefactress.
#bienheureu-x, -se#, happy, fortunate, blissful; _p. 34, l. 28,_ blessed.
#bien-ne#, of good family.
#bienveillant#, well disposed, kindly.
#billet#, _m._, note.
#blamer#, blame.
#blan-c, -che#, white.
#blesser#, wound, hurt.
#blessure#, _f._, wound.
#boire#, drink.
#bois#, _m._, wood, _p. 61, l. 14,_ trees.
#bois, boit#, _see_ #boire#.
#bon, -ne#, good.
#bonapartiste#, Bonapartist.
#bonheur#, _m._, happiness;
#quel —-!# how fortunate!
#bonhomie#, _f._, good humor.
#bonjour#, _m._, good day! good morning!
#bonte#, _f._, goodness, kindness.
#bord#, _m._, side, party; _p. 92, l. 9,_ front.
#bouche#, _f._, mouth.
#bouquet#, _m._, bouquet, bunch of flowers; #—- de bois#, clump of trees.
#bourgeois, -e#, civilian;
#en –#, _p. 69, l. 19,_ in citizens’ dress.
#bourse#, _f._, purse.
#bout#, _m._, end.
#brancard#, _m._, stretcher, litter.
#branche#, _f._, branch.
#bras#, _m._, arm.
#brava!# _f._, good! (_Italian_).
#brave#, good, brave.
#braver#, dare.
#bravo!# _m._, good! (_Italian_).
#brigadier#, _m._, sergeant.
#brillant, -e#, lustrous, brilliant.
#bruit#, _m._, sound, rumor, publicity; #sans —-#, _p. 78, l. 29,_ unostentatiously.
#brulant, -e#, ardent.
#bruler#, burn, be on fire, be eager.
#brusquement#, abruptly.
#Bucephale#, _m._, Bucephalus.
#buisson#, _m._, shrubbery, bushes.
#but#, _m._, end, purpose; _p. 66, l. 6,_ #dans quel —-#, what for.
C
#ca#, see #cela#.
#ca; ah —-#, _p. 16, l. 14,_ come now! _p. 45, l. 8,_ by the way; _p. 67, l. 28,_ really now!
#cabaler#, intrigue.
#cacher#, hide.
#cachot#, _m._, cell, prison.
#cadet, -te#, younger (_son or daughter_).
#cajolerie#, _f._, coaxing.
#calcul#, _m._, calculation, reckoning.
#caleche#, _f._, open carriage.
#calme#, _m._, calm;
#du —-#, _p. 39, l. 17,_ show self control.
#calmer; se —-#, be calm, control oneself.
#campagne#, _f._, campaign (_war_); open country.
#canape#, _m._, sofa.
#candeur#, _f._, frankness.
#cantabile#, _m._, piece of vocal music (_Italian_).
#capitaine#, _m._, captain.
#car#, for.
#carabinier#, _m._, carabineer (_soldier armed with a carbine for scouting service_).
#caractere#, _m._, character.
#carnet#, _m._, note book.
#categorique#, absolute, explicit.
#cause#, _f._, cause;
#a —- de#, on account of; _p. 44, l. 19,_ #bonne —-#, _i.e._ the Legitimist Monarchy.
#causer#, cause, talk.
#cavalier#, _m._, rider, gentleman, partner (_in dancing_).
#ce, cette#, this, that, it.
#Cecile#, _f._, Cecilia.
#cela#, this, that, it.
#celui, celle, ceux, celles#, this one, that one, he, she, they, these, those;
#celle-ci#, this one, she here.
#cependant#, yet, however.
#cercle#, _m._, circle.
#ceremonie#, _f._, ceremony.
#certainement#, certainly.
#certitude#, _f._, certainty.
#cesse#, _f._,
#sans —-#, constantly.
#cesser#, stop.
#chacun, -e#, each, everyone.
#chagrin#, _m._, vexation, regret.
#chaise#, _f._, chair.
#chaleur#, _f._, warmth; #avec —-#, eagerly.
#chambre#, _f._, chamber, _p.61, l. 11,_. room.
#champetre; bal —-#, rural festival.
#changeant, -e#, changeable.
#change#, _m._, #donner le —-#, _p.67, l.26_, put off the scent (_hunting_).
#changer (de)#, change.
#chant#, _m._, song, singing.
#chanter#, sing.
#chapeau#, _m._, hat.
#chapitre#, _m._, chapter.
#chaque#, each.
#charger#, commission.
#charmant, -e#, charming; _p.78, l.32_, a pretty notion!
#charme#, attraction, charm.
#chasser#, hunt, discharge (_of servants_).
#chateau#, _m._, manor house, country seat; #—- en Espagne#, air castle.
#chaud, -e#, warm.
#chavirer#, capsize.
#chef#, _m._, head, leader.
#chemin#, _m._, road; _p.93, l.3,_
#—- faisant#, on the way.
#cheminee#, _f._, chimney, fire place mantlepiece.
#cher, chere#, dear.
#chercher#, look for, search; try.
#cheval#, _m._, (_pl._ #chevaux#), horse; _p. 48, l.11_, #a —-!#, mount!
#chevaleresque#, chivalrous.
#chevalet#, _m._, easel.
#cheveu#, _m._, (_pl._ #cheveux#), hair.
#chevreuil#, _m._, squirrel;
[**Transcriber’s note: this is wrong!! A “chevreuil” is a roe deer.**] #bois des —-s#, _p.8, l.26_, Squirrel Grove.
#chez#, at the house of, at (one’s) home; within.
#chiffre#, _m._, figure, number.
#choisir#, choose.
#choix#, _m._, choice; #—- de termes#, _p.9, l.7_, refined language.
#chose#, _f._, thing, matter.
#ciel#, _m._, heaven, Heavens! _p.36, l.3,_ sky.
#cinquante-cinq#, fifty-five.
#citadelle#, _f._, citadel.
#citer#, quote.
#clair, -e#, clear, light.
#classe#, _f._, class, social order, “set.”
#clemence#, _f_., clemency, mercy.
#cocher#, _m._, coachman.
#coeur#, _m._, heart, feeling.
#coiffure#, _f._, head dress (_of hair_).
#colere#, _f._, anger.
#collet#, _m._, collar.
#combattre#, fight.
#combien de#, how much, how many.
#comble#, _m._, height, top; _p.54, l.14, pl._, garret, under the rafters, #pour —-#, as a climax.
#combler#, overwhelm.
#comedie#, _f._, comedy.
#commandant#, _m._, major.
#commander#, order, be in command of.
#comme#, like, as, as well as, how, what a!
#commencement#, _m._, beginning.
#commencer#, begin.
#comment#, how.
#commettre#, commit.
#commis#, see commettre.
#commun, -e#, common.
#compagnie#, _f._, company, society.
#compagnon#, _m._, companion.
#complet, -ete#, complete.
#complice#, _m._, accomplice.
#complot#, _m._, plot.
#comprenais#, _etc._, #comprenant#, _see_ #comprendre#.
#comprendre#, understand.
#compromettant, -e#, compromising.
#compte#, _f._, account.
#compter#, count.
#comte#, _m._, count.
#comtesse#, _f_., countess.
#concevoir#, conceive, understand.
#concois#, _see_ #concevoir#.
#condamnation#, _f_., sentence, condemnation.
#condamner#, sentence, condemn.
#conduire#, lead, take, drive
(_horses_).
#conduisant#, _see_ #conduire#.
#confiance#, _f_., confidence.
#confier#, intrust, confide.
#confondre#, blend.
#conjurer#, conjure, dispel.
#connais, connaissez, connait#,
_see_ #connaitre#.
#connaissance#, _f_., acquaintance,
conciousness.
#connaitre#, know; #s’y —-#, have
skill in, be judge of.
#connivence#, _f_., connivance.
#connu, -e#, well known; _also p.p. of_ #connaitre#.
#conscience#, _f_., conscience, consciousness.
#conseil#, _m_., counsel, council, advice; #—- de guerre#, court martial.
#conseiller#, advise.
#consentir#, consent.
#considerable#, considerable,
worth considering.
#consister#, consist.
#consoler#, console.
#conspirer#, conspire.
#conspirateur#, _m_., conspirator.
#conspiration#, _f_., conspiracy.
#constater#, prove, verify, state.
#consulat#, _m_., Consulate.
#contagieu-x, -se#, contagious.
#contenir#, contain, restrain.
#content (de)#, _p.81, l.14_, satisfied with.
#contentement#, _m_., content, satisfaction.
#conter#, relate.
#contiens, contient#, _see_ #contenir#.
#continuer#, continue, extend.
#contraire#, contrary.
#contraste#, _m_., contrast.
#contre#, against.
#contre-danse#, quadrille.
#convaincre#, convince.
#convenir#, suit, be proper; #—- de#, agree to, admit.
#conviens, convient#, _see_ #convenir#.
#coquet, -te#, fascinating, coquettish.
#coquetterie#, _f_., coquetry.
#corps#, _m_., body.
#corriger#, correct.
#costume#, _f_., dress.
#cote#, _f_., rib.
#cote#, _m_, side; #a —- de#, beside; #du —- de#, toward; #de l’autre —-#, on the other hand.
#couler#, flow.
#coulisse#, _f_., side scene (theatrical).
#coup#, _m_., blow, sudden action;
#—- de tete#, rash act; #tout a —-#, suddenly, all of a sudden.
#coupable#, guilty.
#couper#, cut.
#cour#, _f_., court, courtyard.
#courage#, _m_., courage, bravery.
#courageu-x, -se#, brave.
#courir#, run, hurry.
#couronne#, _f_., crown.
#courrier#, _m_., mail, dispatch.
#court, -e#, short.
#couvert, -e#, hidden; _also p.p. of_ #couvrir#.
#couvrir#, cover.
#craignez#, _see_ #craindre#.
#craindre#, fear.
#crains, craint#, _see_ #craindre#.
#crainte#, _f_., fear.
#cravache#, _f_., crop (_riding whip_).
#cravate#, _f. p.15, l.23_, neck band.
#crayon#, _m_., pencil.
#credit#, _m_., credit; _p.49, l.14_, influence.
#credule#, credulous.
#cri#, _m_., outcry; #—- du coeur#, words from the heart.
#crieur#, _m_.; #—- des rues#, _p.13, l.7_, news-man.
#croire#, believe, suppose.
#croisee#, _f_., window-casement;
_p.61, l.11_. window.
#croissant, -e#, growing; _also pres. p. of_ #croitre#.
#croitre#, grow, increase.
#croix#, _f_., cross.
#croyais#, _etc_., #cru, crut#, _see_ #croire#.
#cruellement#, cruelly.
#curieu-x, -se#, odd, queer; _p.16,
l.9_, #le —-#, the queer part of it.
#D#
#dame#, _f_., lady, queen (_cards_);
_p.93, l.16, possibly_ #bataille
des —-s# = checkers, _but see
note_.
#dangereu-x, -se#, dangerous.
#dans#, in, into, with.
#danse#, _f_., dance, dancing.
#danser#, dance.
#date#, _f_., date; #de plus longue —-#, _p.43, l.20_, since longer ago.
#davantage#, more.
#de#, of, by, from, to, with, in, upon, out of, for, at, about, on,
in respect to; than; some, any.
#debout#, erect; #etre —-#, stand.
#decacheter#, unseal.
#decidement#, decidedly, really.
#decider#, decide; _p.90, l.14_, persuade; #se —-#, _p.12, l.5_, make up one’s mind.
#decisi-f, -ve#, final, decisive.
#declaration#, _f_., statement, declaration.
#declarer#, declare.
#deconcerter#, disconcert.
#deconsiderer#, depreciate, be derogatory to.
#decor#, _m_., stage setting.
#decoration#, _f_., badge (_of an order_), decoration.
#decourager#, discourage.
#decouvert, -e#, _see_ #decouvrir#;
#a —-#, open, exposed.
#decouvrir#, uncover, discover.
#dedans#, in, within; #au# _or_ #en —-#, inside.
#defaut#, fault, short-coming.
#defendre#, defend, forbid; #s’en —-#, help it.
#defense#, _f_., prohibition
#defiance#, _f_., mistrust
#defier; se —- de#, distrust.
#degrader#, _p.15, l.2_, reduce to
the ranks (_military_).
#deguisement#, _m_., disguise.
#deguiser#, disguise.
#dehors#, outside; #en —-#,
on the outside, off the stage; besides.
#deja#, already.
#dejeuner#, _m_., breakfast.
#delai#, _m_., delay.
#delicat, -e#, refined, delicate.
#delivrer#, deliver; _p.44 l.3_, relieve.
#demande#, _f_.; #faire une —-#, _p.74, l.14_, ask a question.
#demander#, ask.
#demarche#, _f_., step, gait.
#demi#, half; #—- heure#, half hour; #—- lieue#, half league; #a —- voix#, in a low tone.
#demoiselle#, _f_., young lady.
#demon#, _m_., evil spirit; _p.18, l.5_, imp.
#deparer#, _p.38, l.4_, leave unadorned.
#depart#, _m_., departure.
#departement#, _m_., department,
governmental district.
#depeche#, _f_., dispatch, message.
#dependre#, depend.
#depenser#, expend.
#depit#, _m_., vexation, spite.
#deplaire#, displease.
#deplait#, _see_ #deplaire#.
#deployer#, display, unfold.
#deposer#, put down.
#depuis#, since, _p.22, l.6_, for the last; #—- longtemps#, since long
ago, for a long time.
#deranger#, inconvenience; #se —-#, put oneself to inconvenience.
#derni-er, -ere#, last.
#dernierement#, lately; #—- encore#, just a little while ago.
#derriere#, back, behind.
#des#, since; #—- que#, as soon as.
#desarmer#, disarm.
#descendre#, come down.
#desespoir#, _m_., despair.
#desinteressement#, _m_., unselfish
devotion.
#desirer#, desire.
#dessin#, _m_., drawing.
#dessiner#, draw, design.
#dessous#, beneath, under; #au —-#, below.
#dessus#, _p.18, l.10_, in the saddle; #au —- de#, above.
#detacher#, detach, unfasten.
#detail#, _m_., trifle, detail.
#detester#, detest.
#detourner#, turn away _or_ aside.
#detruire#, destroy.
#deux#, two; #tous —-#, both.
#deuxieme#, second.
#devant#, before; #au —-#, in front.
#devenir#, become.
#deviendrai#, _etc_., #deviendrais#, _etc_., #devint#, _see_ #devenir#.
#deviner#, guess.
#devoir#, owe, ought to, have to;
_p.48, l.27_, be to; _p.50, l.18_,
be said to.
#devoir#, _m_., duty.
#devoue#, devoted.
#devouement#, _m_., devotion.
#devrai#, _etc_., #devrais#, _etc_., _see_ #devoir#.
#diable#, devil, deuce! _p.12, l.27_, fellow.
#dieu#! goodness! _etc_.; #Dieu#, God.
#difficile#, difficult, hard; _p.45,
l.15_, difficulty.
#difficilement#; _p.42, l.17_, #on
soupconne plus —-#, it is harder to suspect.
#diplomate#, _m_., statesman, diplomatist.
#dire#, say; #vouloir —-#, mean.
#diriger#, direct; #—- sur#, _p.29, l.5_, send to; #se —-#, turn.
#dis, disais, dise, disent#, _see_ #dire#.
#disparaitre#, disappear.
#dispenser#, excuse.
#disposer#, dispose; #en —-#, _p.76, l.8_, command it.
#dissiper#, remove.
#distinguer#, distinguish.
#distrait, -e#, absent-minded, distraught.
#dit, dites#, _see_ #dire#.
#divertir#, amuse, divert.
#dix#, ten; #—- huit#, eighteen;
#—- sept#, seventeen.
#dois, doit#, _see_ #devoir#.
#domestique#, _m. and f_., servant;
_p.70, l.11,_ #en —-#, in servant’s dress.
#domiciliaire#, domiciliary (_legal_).
#donc#, then, therefore; then,
please.
#donner#, give; _p.61, l.5_, #—- sur#, front on; #y —-#, _p.92, l.7_, fall
into a trap; #se —- de l’importance#, _p.4, l.12_, put on airs.
#dont#, of which, of whom.
#doucement#, softly, gently.
#douleur#, _f_., pain, grief.
#doute#, _m_., doubt.
#douter#, doubt.
#dou-x, -ce#, sweet, gentle.
#douzaine#, _f_., dozen.
#douze#, twelve.
#dragon#, _m_., dragoon.
#dramatique#, dramatic.
#drame#, _m., p.84, l.29_, melodrama.
#droit, -e#, right; #a droite#, on the right.
#droit#, _m_., right, law.
#du, due#; _see_ #devoir#.
#duel#, _m_., duel.
#dument#, duly.
#duo#, _m_., duet (_in music, Italian_).
#duplicite#, _f_., duplicity.
#durer#, last, endure.
#dussiez#, _see_ #devoir#.