A Collection of College Words and Customs by Benjamin Homer Hall (page 6)

Cut lectures, go to chapel as little as possible, dine in hall seldom more than once a week, give _Gaudies_ and spreads.–_Gradus ad Cantab._, p. 122.

GENTLEMAN-COMMONER. The highest class of Commoners at Oxford University. Equivalent to a Cambridge _Fellow-Commoner_.

Gentlemen Commoners “are eldest sons, or only sons, or men already in possession of estates, or else (which is as common a case as all the rest put together), they are the heirs of newly acquired wealth,–sons of the _nouveaux riches_”; they enjoy a privilege as regards the choice of rooms; associate at meals with the Fellows and other authorities of the College; are the possessors of two gowns, “an undress for the morning, and a full dress-gown for the evening,” both of which are made of silk, the latter being very elaborately ornamented; wear a cap, covered with velvet instead of cloth; pay double caution money, at entrance, viz. fifty guineas, and are charged twenty guineas a year for tutorage, twice the amount of the usual fee.–Compiled from _De Quincey’s Life and Manners_, pp. 278-280.

GET UP A SUBJECT. See SUBJECT.

This was the fourth time I had begun Algebra, and essayed with no weakness of purpose to _get_ it _up_ properly.–_Bristed’s Five Years in an Eng. Univ._, Ed. 2d, p. 157.

GILL. The projecting parts of a standing collar are, from their situation, sometimes denominated _gills_.

But, O, what rage his maddening bosom fills! Far worse than dust-soiled coat are ruined “_gills_.” _Poem before the Class of 1828, Harv. Coll., by J.C. Richmond_, p. 6.

GOBBLE. At Yale College, to seize; to lay hold of; to appropriate; nearly the same as to _collar_, q.v.

Alas! how dearly for the fun they paid, Whom the Proffs _gobbled_, and the Tutors too. _The Gallinipper_, Dec. 1849.

I never _gobbled_ one poor flat,
To cheer me with his soft dark eye, &c. _Yale Tomahawk_, Nov. 1849.

I went and performed, and got through the burning, But oh! and alas! I was _gobbled_ returning. _Yale Banger_, Nov. 1850.

Upon that night, in the broad street, was I by one of the brain-deficient men _gobbled_.–_Yale Battery_, Feb. 1850.

Then shout for the hero who _gobbles_ the prize. _Songs of Yale_, 1853, p. 39.

At Cambridge, Eng., this word is used in the phrase _gobbling Greek_, i.e. studying or speaking that tongue.

Ambitious to “_gobble_” his Greek in the _haute monde_.–_Alma Mater_, Vol. I. p. 79.

It was now ten o’clock, and up stairs we therefore flew to _gobble_ Greek with Professor —-.–_Ibid._, Vol. I. p. 127.

You may have seen him, traversing the grass-plots, “_gobbling Greek_” to himself.–_Ibid._, Vol. I. p. 210.

GOLGOTHA. _The place of a skull_. At Cambridge, Eng., in the University Church, “a particular part,” says the Westminster Review, “is appropriated to the _heads_ of the houses, and is called _Golgotha_ therefrom, a name which the appearance of its occupants renders peculiarly fitting, independent of the pun.”–Am. ed., Vol. XXXV. p. 236.

GONUS. A stupid fellow.

He was a _gonus_; perhaps, though, you don’t know what _gonus_ means. One day I heard a Senior call a fellow a _gonus_. “A what?” said I. “A great gonus,” repeated he. “_Gonus_,” echoed I, “what’s that mean?” “O,” said he, “you’re a Freshman and don’t understand.” A stupid fellow, a dolt, a boot-jack, an ignoramus, is called here a _gonus_. “All Freshmen,” continued he gravely, “are _gonuses_.”–_The Dartmouth_, Vol. IV. p. 116.

If the disquisitionist should ever reform his habits, and turn his really brilliant talents to some good account, then future _gonuses_ will swear by his name, and quote him in their daily maledictions of the appointment system.–_Amherst Indicator_, Vol. I. p. 76.

The word _goney_, with the same meaning, is often used.

“How the _goney_ swallowed it all, didn’t he?” said Mr. Slick, with great glee.–_Slick in England_, Chap. XXI.

Some on ’em were fools enough to believe the _goney_; that’s a fact.–_Ibid._

GOOD FELLOW. At the University of Vermont, this term is used with a signification directly opposite to that which it usually has. It there designates a soft-brained boy; one who is lacking in intellect, or, as a correspondent observes, “an _epithetical_ fool.”

GOODY. At Harvard College, a woman who has the care of the students’ rooms. The word seems to be an abbreviated form of the word _goodwife_. It has long been in use, as a low term of civility or sport, and in some cases with the signification of a good old dame; but in the sense above given it is believed to be peculiar to Harvard College. In early times, _sweeper_ was in use instead of _goody_, and even now at Yale College the word _sweep_ is retained. The words _bed-maker_ at Cambridge, Eng., and _gyp_ at Oxford, express the same idea.

The Rebelliad, an epic poem, opens with an invocation to the Goody, as follows.

Old _Goody_ Muse! on thee I call,
_Pro more_, (as do poets all,)
To string thy fiddle, wax thy bow, And scrape a ditty, jig, or so.
Now don’t wax wrathy, but excuse
My calling you old _Goody_ Muse;
Because “_Old Goody_” is a name
Applied to every college dame.
Aloft in pendent dignity,
Astride her magic broom,
And wrapt in dazzling majesty,
See! see! the _Goody_ come!–p. 11.

Go on, dear _Goody_! and recite
The direful mishaps of the fight.–_Ibid._, p. 20.

The _Goodies_ hearing, cease to sweep, And listen; while the cook-maids weep.–_Ibid._, p. 47.

The _Goody_ entered with her broom,
To make his bed and sweep his room.–_Ibid._, p. 73.

On opening the papers left to his care, he found a request that his effects might be bestowed on his friend, the _Goody_, who had been so attentive to him during his declining hours.–_Harvard Register_, 1827-28, p. 86.

I was interrupted by a low knock at my door, followed by the entrance of our old _Goody_, with a bundle of musty papers in her hand, tied round with a soiled red ribbon.–_Collegian_, 1830, p. 231.

Were there any _Goodies_ when you were in college, father? Perhaps you did not call them by that name. They are nice old ladies (not so _very_ nice, either), who come in every morning, after we have been to prayers, and sweep the rooms, and make the beds, and do all that sort of work. However, they don’t much like their title, I find; for I called one, the other day, _Mrs. Goodie_, thinking it was her real name, and she was as sulky as she could be.–_Harvardiana_, Vol. III. p. 76.

Yet these half-emptied bottles shall I take, And, having purged them of this wicked stuff, Make a small present unto _Goody_ Bush. _Ibid._, Vol. III. p. 257.

Reader! wert ever beset by a dun? ducked by the _Goody_ from thine own window, when “creeping like snail unwillingly” to morning prayers?–_Ibid._, Vol. IV. p. 274.

The crowd delighted
Saw them, like _Goodies_, clothed in gowns of satin, Of silk or cotton.–_Childe Harvard_, p. 26, 1848.

On the wall hangs a Horse-shoe I found in the street; ‘T is the shoe that to-day sets in motion my feet; Though its charms are all vanished this many a year, And not even my _Goody_ regards it with fear. _The Horse-Shoe, a Poem, by J.B. Felton_, 1849, p. 4.

A very clever elegy on the death of Goody Morse, who “For forty years or more
… contrived the while
No little dust to raise”
in the rooms of the students of Harvard College, is to be found in Harvardiana, Vol. I. p. 233. It was written by Mr. (afterwards Rev.) Benjamin Davis Winslow. In the poem which he read before his class in the University Chapel at Cambridge, July 14, 1835, he referred to her in these lines:

“‘New brooms sweep clean’: ‘t was thine, dear _Goody_ Morse, To prove the musty proverb hath no force, Since fifty years to vanished centuries crept, While thy old broom our cloisters duly swept. All changed but thee! beneath thine aged eye Whole generations came and flitted by,
Yet saw thee still in office;–e’en reform Spared thee the pelting of its angry storm. Rest to thy bones in yonder church-yard laid, Where thy last bed the village sexton made!”–p. 19.

GORM. From _gormandize_. At Hamilton College, to eat voraciously.

GOT. In Princeton College, when a student or any one else has been cheated or taken in, it is customary to say, he was _got_.

GOVERNMENT. In American colleges, the general government is usually vested in a corporation or a board of trustees, whose powers, rights, and duties are established by the respective charters of the colleges over which they are placed. The immediate government of the undergraduates is in the hands of the president, professors, and tutors, who are styled _the Government_, or _the College Government_, and more frequently _the Faculty_, or _the College Faculty_.–_Laws of Univ. at Cam., Mass._, 1848, pp. 7, 8. _Laws of Yale Coll._, 1837, p. 5.

For many years he was the most conspicuous figure among those who constituted what was formerly called “the _Government_.”–_Memorial of John S. Popkin, D.D._, p. vii.

[Greek: Kudiste], mighty President!!! [Greek: Kalomen nun] the _Government_.–_Rebelliad_, p. 27.

Did I not jaw the _Government_,
For cheating more than ten per cent?–_Ibid._, p. 32.

They shall receive due punishment
From Harvard College _Government_.–_Ibid._, p. 44.

The annexed production, printed from a MS. in the author’s handwriting, and in the possession of the editor of this work, is now, it is believed, for the first time presented to the public. The time is 1787; the scene, Harvard College. The poem was “written by John Q. Adams, son of the President, when an undergraduate.”

“A DESCRIPTION OF A GOVERNMENT MEETING.

“The Government of College met,
And _Willard_[31] rul’d the stern debate. The witty _Jennison_[32] declar’d
As how, he’d been completely scar’d; Last night, quoth he, as I came home,
I heard a noise in _Prescott’s_[33] room. I went and listen’d at the door,
As I had often done before;
I found the Juniors in a high rant, They call’d the President a tyrant;
And said as how I was a fool,
A long ear’d ass, a sottish mule,
Without the smallest grain of spunk; So I concluded they were drunk.
At length I knock’d, and Prescott came: I told him ‘t was a burning shame,
That he should give his classmates wine; And he should pay a heavy fine.
Meanwhile the rest grew so outragious, Altho’ I boast of being couragious,
I could not help being in a fright, For one of them put out the light.
I thought ‘t was best to come away, And wait for vengeance ’till this day;
And he’s a fool at any rate
Who’ll fight, when he can RUSTICATE. When they [had] found that I was gone,
They ran through College up and down; And I could hear them very plain
Take the Lord’s holy name in vain. To Wier’s[34] chamber they then repair’d, And there the wine they freely shar’d;
They drank and sung till they were tir’d. And then they peacefully retir’d.
When this Homeric speech was said, With drolling tongue and hanging head,
The learned Doctor took his seat,
Thinking he’d done a noble feat.
Quoth Joe,[35] the crime is great I own, Send for the Juniors one by one.
By this almighty wig I swear,
Which with such majesty I wear,
Which in its orbit vast contains
My dignity, my power and brains,
That Wier and Prescott both shall see, That College boys must not be free.
He spake, and gave the awful nod
Like Homer’s Didonean God,
The College from its centre shook, And every pipe and wine-glass broke.

“_Williams_,[36] with countenance humane, While scarce from laughter could refrain, Thought that such youthful scenes of mirth To punishment could not give birth;
Nor could he easily divine
What was the harm of drinking wine.

“But _Pearson_,[37] with an awful frown, Full of his article and noun,
Spake thus: by all the parts of speech Which I so elegantly teach,
By mercy I will never stain
The character which I sustain.
Pray tell me why the laws were made, If they’re not to be obey’d;
Besides, _that Wier_ I can’t endure, For he’s a wicked rake, I’m sure.
But whether I am right or not,
I’ll not recede a single jot.

“_James_[38] saw ‘twould be in vain t’ oppose, And therefore to be silent chose.

“_Burr_,[39] who had little wit or pride, Preferr’d to take the strongest side.
And Willard soon receiv’d commission To give a publick admonition.
With pedant strut to prayers he came, Call’d out the criminals by name;
Obedient to his dire command,
Prescott and Wier before him stand. The rulers merciful and kind,
With equal grief and wonder find,
That you do drink, and play, and sing, And make with noise the College ring.
I therefore warn you to beware
Of drinking more than you can bear. Wine an incentive is to riot,
Disturbance of the publick quiet.
Full well your Tutors know the truth, For sad experience taught their youth.
Take then this friendly exhortation; The next offence is RUSTICATION.”

GOWN. A long, loose upper garment or robe, worn by professional men, as divines, lawyers, students, &c., who are called _men of the gown_, or _gownmen_. It is made of any kind of cloth, worn over ordinary clothes, and hangs down to the ankles, or nearly so. –_Encyc._

From a letter written in the year 1766, by Mr. Holyoke, then President of Harvard College, it would appear that gowns were first worn by the members of that institution about the year 1760. The gown, although worn by the students in the English universities, is now seldom worn in American colleges except on Commencement, Exhibition, or other days of a similar public character.

The students are permitted to wear black _gowns_, in which they may appear on all public occasions.–_Laws Harv. Coll._, 1798, p. 37.

Every candidate for a first degree shall wear a black dress and the usual black _gown_.–_Laws Univ. at Cam., Mass._, 1848, p. 20.

The performers all wore black _gowns_ with sleeves large enough to hold me in, and shouted and swung their arms, till they looked like so many Methodist ministers just ordained.–_Harvardiana_, Vol. III. p. 111.

Saw them … clothed in _gowns_ of satin, Or silk or cotton, black as souls benighted.– All, save the _gowns_, was startling, splendid, tragic, But gowns on men have lost their wonted magic. _Childe Harvard_, p. 26.

The door swings open–and–he comes! behold him Wrapt in his mantling _gown_, that round him flows Waving, as Caesar’s toga did enfold him.–_Ibid._, p. 36.

On Saturday evenings, Sundays, and Saints’ days, the students wear surplices instead of their _gowns_, and very innocent and exemplary they look in them.–_Bristed’s Five Years in an Eng. Univ._, Ed. 2d, p. 21.

2. One who wears a gown.

And here, I think, I may properly introduce a very singular gallant, a sort of mongrel between town and _gown_,–I mean a bibliopola, or (as the vulgar have it) a bookseller.–_The Student_, Oxf. and Cam., Vol. II. p. 226.

GOWNMAN, GOWNSMAN. One whose professional habit is a gown, as a divine or lawyer, and particularly a member of an English university.–_Webster_.

The _gownman_ learned.–_Pope_.

Oft has some fair inquirer bid me say, What tasks, what sports beguile the _gownsman’s_ day. _The College_, in _Blackwood’s Mag._, May, 1849.

For if townsmen by our influence are so enlightened, what must we _gownsmen_ be ourselves?–_The Student_, Oxf. and Cam., Vol. I. p. 56.

Nor must it be supposed that the _gownsmen_ are thin, study-worn, consumptive-looking individuals.–_Bristed’s Five Years in an Eng. Univ._, Ed. 2d, p. 5.

See CAP.

GRACE. In English universities, an act, vote, or decree of the government of the institution.–_Webster_.

“All _Graces_ (as the legislative measures proposed by the Senate are termed) have to be submitted first to the Caput, each member of which has an absolute veto on the grace. If it passes the Caput, it is then publicly recited in both houses, [the regent and non-regent,] and at a subsequent meeting voted on, first in the Non-Regent House, and then in the other. If it passes both, it becomes valid.”–_Literary World_, Vol. XII. p. 283.

See CAPUT SENATUS.

GRADUATE. To honor with a degree or diploma, in a college or university; to confer a degree on; as, to _graduate_ a master of arts.–_Wotton_.

_Graduated_ a doctor, and dubb’d a knight.–_Carew_.

Pickering, in his Vocabulary, says of the word _graduate_: “Johnson has it as a verb active only. But an English friend observes, that ‘the active sense of this word is rare in England.’ I have met with one instance in an English publication where it is used in a dialogue, in the following manner: ‘You, methinks, _are graduated_.’ See a review in the British Critic, Vol. XXXIV. p. 538.”

In Mr. Todd’s edition of Johnson’s Dictionary, this word is given as a verb intransitive also: “To take an academical degree; to become a graduate; as he _graduated_ at Oxford.”

In America, the use of the phrase _he was graduated_, instead of _he graduated_, which has been of late so common, “is merely,” says Mr. Bartlett in his Dictionary of Americanisms, “a return to former practice, the verb being originally active transitive.”

He _was graduated_ with the esteem of the government, and the regard of his contemporaries–_Works of R.T. Paine_, p. xxix. The latter, who _was graduated_ thirteen years after.–_Peirce’s Hist. Harv. Univ._, p. 219.

In this perplexity the President had resolved “to yield to the torrent, and _graduate_ Hartshorn.”–_Quincy’s Hist. Harv. Univ._, Vol. I. p. 398. (The quotation was written in 1737.)

In May, 1749, three gentlemen who had sons about _to be graduated_.–_Ibid._, Vol. II. p. 92.

Mr. Peirce was born in September, 1778; and, after _being graduated_ at Harvard College, with the highest honors of his class.–_Ibid._, Vol. II. p. 390, and Chap. XXXVII. _passim_.

He _was graduated_ in 1789 with distinguished honors, at the age of nineteen.–_Mr. Young’s Discourse on the Life of President Kirkland_.

His class when _graduated_, in 1785, consisted of thirty-two persons.–_Dr. Palfrey’s Discourse on the Life and Character of Dr. Ware_.

2. _Intransitively_. To receive a degree from a college or university.

He _graduated_ at Leyden in 1691.–_London Monthly Mag._, Oct. 1808, p. 224.

Wherever Magnol _graduated_.–_Rees’s Cyclopaedia_, Art. MAGNOL.

GRADUATE. One who has received a degree in a college or university, or from some professional incorporated society.–_Webster_.

GRADUATE IN A SCHOOL. A degree given, in the University of Virginia, to those who have been through a course of study less than is required for the degree of B.A.

GRADUATION. The act of conferring or receiving academical degrees. –_Charter of Dartmouth College_.

After his _graduation_ at Yale College, in 1744, he continued his studies at Harvard University, where he took his second degree in 1747.–_Hist. Sketch of Columbia Coll._, p. 122.

Bachelors were called Senior, Middle, or Junior Bachelors according to the year since _graduation_, and before taking the degree of Master.–_Woolsey’s Hist. Disc._, p. 122.

GRAND COMPOUNDER. At the English Universities, one who pays double fees for his degree.

“Candidates for all degrees, who possess certain property,” says the Oxford University Calendar, “must go out, as it is termed, _Grand Compounders_. The property required for this purpose may arise from two distinct sources; either from some ecclesiastical benefice or benefices, or else from some other revenue, civil or ecclesiastical. The ratio of computation in the first case is expressly limited by statute to the value of the benefice or benefices, as _rated in the King’s books_, without regard to the actual estimation at the present period; and the amount of that value must not be _less than forty pounds_. In the second instance, which includes all other cases, comprising ecclesiastical as well as civil income, (academical income alone excepted,) property to the extent of _three hundred pounds_ a year is required; nor is any difference made between property in land and property in money, so that a _legal_ revenue to this extent of any description, not arising from a benefice or benefices, and not being strictly academical, renders the qualification complete.”–Ed. 1832, p. 92.

At Oxford “a ‘_grand compounder_’ is one who has income to the amount of $1,500, and is made to pay $150 for his degree, while the ordinary fee is $42.” _Lit. World_, Vol. XII. p. 247.

GRAND TRIBUNAL. The Grand Tribunal is an institution peculiar to Trinity College, Hartford. A correspondent describes it as follows. “The Grand Tribunal is a mock court composed of the Senior and Junior Classes, and has for its special object the regulation and discipline of Sophomores. The first officer of the Tribunal is the ‘Grand High Chancellor,’ who presides at all business meetings. The Tribunal has its judges, advocates, sheriff, and his aids. According to the laws of the Tribunal, no Sophomore can be tried who has three votes in his favor. This regulation makes a trial a difficult matter; there is rarely more than one trial a year, and sometimes two years elapse without there being a session of the court. When a selection of an offending and unlucky Soph has been made, he is arrested some time during the day of the evening on which his trial takes place. The court provides him with one advocate, while he has the privilege of choosing another. These trials are often the scenes of considerable wit and eloquence. One of the most famous of them was held in 1853. When the Tribunal is in session, it is customary for the Faculty of the College to act as its police, by preserving order amongst the Sophs, who generally assemble at the door, to disturb, if possible, the proceedings of the Court.”

GRANTA. The name by which the University of Cambridge, Eng., was formerly known. At present it is sometimes designated by this title in poetry, and in addresses written in other tongues than the vernacular.

Warm with fond hope, and Learning’s sacred flame, To _Granta’s_ bowers the youthful Poet came.

_Lines in Memory of H.K. White, by Prof. William Smyth_, in _Cam. Guide_.

GRATULATORY. Expressing gratulation; congratulatory.

At Harvard College, while Wadsworth was President, in the early part of the last century, it was customary to close the exercises of Commencement day with a _gratulatory oration_, pronounced by one of the candidates for a degree. This has now given place to what is generally called the _valedictory oration_.

GRAVEL DAY. The following account of this day is given in a work entitled Sketches of Williams College. “On the second Monday of the first term in the year, if the weather be at all favorable, it has been customary from time immemorial to hold a college meeting, and petition the President for ‘_Gravel day_.’ We did so this morning. The day was granted, and, recitations being dispensed with, the students turned out _en masse_ to re-gravel the college walks. The gravel which we obtain here is of such a nature that it packs down very closely, and renders the walks as hard and smooth as a pavement. The Faculty grant this day for the purpose of fostering in the students the habit of physical labor and exercise, so essential to vigorous mental exertion.”–1847, pp. 78, 79.

The improved method of observing this day is noted in the annexed extract. “Nearly every college has its own peculiar customs, which have been transmitted from far antiquity; but Williams has perhaps less than any other. Among ours are ‘_gravel day_,’ ‘chip day,’ and ‘mountain day,’ occurring one in each of the three terms. The first usually comes in the early part of the Fall term. In old times, when the students were few, and rather fonder of _work_ than at the present, they turned out with spades, hoes, and other implements, and spread gravel over the walks, to the College grounds; but in later days, they have preferred to tax themselves to a small amount and delegate the work to others, while they spend the day in visiting the Cascade, the Natural Bridge, or others of the numerous places of interest near us.”–_Boston Daily Evening Traveller_, July 12, 1854.

GREAT GO. In the English universities the final and most important examination is called the _great go_, in contradistinction to the _little go_, an examination about the middle of the course.

In my way back I stepped into the _Great Go_ schools.–_The Etonian_, Vol. II. p. 287.

Read through the whole five volumes folio, Latin, previous to going up for his _Great Go_.–_Ibid._, Vol. II. p. 381.

GREEN. Inexperienced, unsophisticated, verdant. Among collegians this term is the favorite appellation for Freshmen.

When a man is called _verdant_ or _green_, it means that he is unsophisticated and raw. For instance, when a man rushes to chapel in the morning at the ringing of the first bell, it is called _green_. At least, we were, for it. This greenness, we would remark, is not, like the verdure in the vision of the poet, necessarily perennial.–_Williams Monthly Miscellany_, 1845, Vol. I. p. 463.

GRIND. An exaction; an oppressive action. Students speak of a very long lesson which they are required to learn, or of any thing which it is very unpleasant or difficult to perform, as a _grind_. This meaning is derived from the verb _to grind_, in the sense of to harass, to afflict; as, to _grind_ the faces of the poor (Isaiah iii. 15).

I must say ‘t is a _grind_, though
–(perchance I spoke too loud). _Poem before Iadma_, 1850, p. 12.

GRINDING. Hard study; diligent application.

The successful candidate enjoys especial and excessive _grinding_ during the four years of his college course. _Burlesque Catalogue, Yale Coll._, 1852-53, p. 28.

GROATS. At the English universities, “nine _groats_” says Grose, in his Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, “are deposited in the hands of an academic officer by every person standing for a degree, which, if the depositor obtains with honor, are returned to him.”

_To save his groats_; to come off handsomely.–_Gradus ad Cantab._

GROUP. A crowd or throng; a number collected without any regular form or arrangement. At Harvard College, students are not allowed to assemble in _groups_, as is seen by the following extract from the laws. Three persons together are considered as a _group_.

Collecting in _groups_ round the doors of the College buildings, or in the yard, shall be considered a violation of decorum.–_Laws Univ. at Cam., Mass._, 1848, Suppl., p. 4.

GROUPING. Collecting together.

It will surely be incomprehensible to most students how so large a number as six could be suffered with impunity to horde themselves together within the limits of the college yard. In those days the very learned laws about _grouping_ were not in existence. A collection of two was not then considered a sure prognostic of rebellion, and spied out vigilantly by tutoric eyes. A _group_ of three was not reckoned a gross outrage of the college peace, and punished severely by the subtraction of some dozens from the numerical rank of the unfortunate youth engaged in so high a misdemeanor. A congregation of four was not esteemed an open, avowed contempt of the laws of decency and propriety, prophesying utter combustion, desolation, and destruction to all buildings and trees in the neighborhood; and lastly, a multitude of five, though watched with a little jealousy, was not called an intolerable, unparalleled violation of everything approaching the name of order, absolute, downright shamelessness, worthy capital mark-punishment, alias the loss of 87-3/4 digits!–_Harvardiana_, Vol. III. p. 314.

The above passage and the following are both evidently of a satirical nature.

And often _grouping_ on the chains, he hums his own sweet verse, Till Tutor —-, coming up, commands him to disperse! _Poem before Y.H._, 1849, p. 14.

GRUB. A hard student. Used at Williams College, and synonymous with DIG at other colleges. A correspondent says, writing from Williams: “Our real delvers, midnight students, are familiarly called _Grubs_. This is a very expressive name.”

A man must not be ashamed to be called a _grub_ in college, if he would shine in the world.–_Sketches of Williams College_, p. 76.

Some there are who, though never known to read or study, are ever ready to debate,–not “_grubs_” or “reading men,” only “wordy men.”–_Williams Quarterly_, Vol. II. p. 246.

GRUB. To study hard; to be what is denominated a _grub_, or hard student. “The primary sense,” says Dr. Webster, “is probably to rub, to rake, scrape, or scratch, as wild animals dig by scratching.”

I can _grub out_ a lesson in Latin or mathematics as well as the best of them.–_Amherst Indicator_, Vol. I. p. 223.

GUARDING. “The custom of _guarding_ Freshmen,” says a correspondent from Dartmouth College, “is comparatively a late one. Persons masked would go into another’s room at night, and oblige him to do anything they commanded him, as to get under his bed, sit with his feet in a pail of water,” &c.

GULF. In the University of Cambridge, Eng., one who obtains the degree of B.A., but has not his name inserted in the Calendar, is said to be in the _gulf_.

He now begins to … be anxious about … that classical acquaintance who is in danger of the _gulf_.–_Bristed’s Five Years in an Eng. Univ._, Ed. 2d, p. 95.

Some ten or fifteen men just on the line, not bad enough to be plucked or good enough to be placed, are put into the “_gulf_,” as it is popularly called (the Examiners’ phrase is “Degrees allowed”), and have their degrees given them, but are not printed in the Calendar.–_Ibid._, p. 205.

GULFING. In the University of Cambridge, England, “those candidates for B.A. who, but for sickness or some other sufficient cause, might have obtained an honor, have their degree given them without examination, and thus avoid having their names inserted in the lists. This is called _Gulfing_.” A degree taken in this manner is called “an AEgrotat Degree.”–_Alma Mater_, Vol. II. pp. 60, 105.

I discovered that my name was nowhere to be found,–that I was _Gulfed_.–_Ibid._, Vol. II. p. 97.

GUM. A trick; a deception. In use at Dartmouth College.

_Gum_ is another word they have here. It means something like chaw. To say, “It’s all a _gum_,” or “a regular chaw,” is the same thing.–_The Dartmouth_, Vol. IV. p. 117.

GUM. At the University of Vermont, to cheat in recitation by using _ponies_, _interliners_, &c.; e.g. “he _gummed_ in geometry.”

2. To cheat; to deceive. Not confined to college.

He was speaking of the “moon hoax” which “_gummed_” so many learned philosophers.–_Yale Lit. Mag._, Vol. XIV. p. 189.

GUMMATION. A trick; raillery.

Our reception to college ground was by no means the most hospitable, considering our unacquaintance with the manners of the place, for, as poor “Fresh,” we soon found ourselves subject to all manner of sly tricks and “_gummations_” from our predecessors, the Sophs.–_A Tour through College_, Boston, 1832, p. 13.

GYP. A cant term for a servant at Cambridge, England, at _scout_ is used at Oxford. Said to be a sportive application of [Greek: gyps], a vulture.–_Smart_.

The word _Gyp_ very properly characterizes them.–_Gradus ad Cantab._, p. 56.

And many a yawning _gyp_ comes slipshod in, To wake his master ere the bells begin. _The College_, in _Blackwood’s Mag._, May, 1849.

The Freshman, when once safe through his examination, is first inducted into his rooms by a _gyp_, usually recommended to him by his tutor. The gyp (from [Greek: gyps], vulture, evidently a nickname at first, but now the only name applied to this class of persons) is a college servant, who attends upon a number of students, sometimes as many as twenty, calls them in the morning, brushes their clothes, carries for them parcels and the queerly twisted notes they are continually writing to one another, waits at their parties, and so on. Cleaning their boots is not in his branch of the profession; there is a regular brigade of college shoeblacks.–_Bristed’s Five Years in an Eng. Univ._, Ed. 2d, p. 14.

It is sometimes spelled _Jip_, though probably by mistake.

My _Jip_ brought one in this morning; faith! and told me I was focussed.–_Gent. Mag._, 1794, p. 1085.

_H_.

HALF-LESSON. In some American colleges on certain occasions the students are required to learn only one half of the amount of an ordinary lesson.

They promote it [the value of distinctions conferred by the students on one another] by formally acknowledging the existence of the larger debating societies in such acts as giving “_half-lessons_” for the morning after the Wednesday night debates.–_Bristed’s Five Years in an Eng. Univ._, Ed. 2d, p. 386.

HALF-YEAR. In the German universities, a collegiate term is called a _half-year_.

The annual courses of instruction are divided into summer and winter _half-years_.–_Howitt’s Student Life of Germany_, Am. Ed., pp. 34, 35.

HALL. A college or large edifice belonging to a collegiate institution.–_Webster_.

2. A collegiate body in the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. In the former institution a hall differs from a college, in that halls are not incorporated; consequently, whatever estate or other property they possess is held in trust by the University. In the latter, colleges and halls are synonymous.–_Cam. and Oxf. Calendars_.

“In Cambridge,” says the author of the Collegian’s Guide, “the halls stand on the same footing as the colleges, but at Oxford they did not, in my time, hold by any means so high a place in general estimation. Certainly those halls which admit the outcasts of other colleges, and of those alone I am now speaking, used to be precisely what one would expect to find them; indeed, I had rather that a son of mine should forego a university education altogether, than that he should have so sorry a counterfeit of academic advantages as one of these halls affords.”–p. 172.

“All the Colleges at Cambridge,” says Bristed, “have equal privileges and rights, with the solitary exception of King’s, and though some of them are called _Halls_, the difference is merely one of name. But the Halls at Oxford, of which there are five, are not incorporated bodies, and have no vote in University matters, indeed are but a sort of boarding-houses at which students may remain until it is time for them to take a degree. I dined at one of those establishments; it was very like an officers’ mess. The men had their own wine, and did not wear their gowns, and the only Don belonging to the Hall was not present at table. There was a tradition of a chapel belonging to the concern, but no one present knew where it was. This Hall seemed to be a small Botany Bay of both Universities, its members made up of all sorts of incapables and incorrigibles.”–_Five Years in an Eng. Univ._, Ed. 2d, pp. 140, 141.

3. At Cambridge and Oxford, the public eating-room.

I went into the public “_hall_” [so is called in Oxford the public eating-room].–_De Quincey’s Life and Manners_, p. 231.

Dinner is, in all colleges, a public meal, taken in the refectory or “_hall_” of the society.–_Ibid._, p. 273.

4. At the University of Cambridge, Eng., dinner, the name of the place where the meal is taken being given to the meal itself.

_Hall_ lasts about three quarters of an hour.–_Bristed’s Five Year in an Eng. Univ._, Ed. 2d, p. 20.

After _Hall_ is emphatically lounging-time, it being the wise practice of Englishmen to attempt no hard exercise, physical or mental, immediately after a hearty meal.–_Ibid._, p. 21.

It is not safe to read after _Hall_ (i.e. after dinner).–_Ibid._, p. 331.

HANG-OUT. An entertainment.

I remember the date from the Fourth of July occurring just afterwards, which I celebrated by a “_hang-out_.”–_Bristed’s Five Years in an Eng. Univ._, Ed. 2d, p. 80.

He had kept me six hours at table, on the occasion of a dinner which he gave … as an appendix to and a return for some of my “_hangings-out_.”–_Ibid._, p. 198.

HANG OUT. To treat, to live, to have or possess. Among English Cantabs, a verb of all-work.–_Bristed_.

There were but few pensioners who “_hung out_” servants of their own.–_Bristed’s Five Years in an Eng. Univ._, Ed. 2d, p. 90.

I had become … a man who knew and “_hung out_ to” clever and pleasant people, and introduced agreeable lions to one another.–_Ibid._, p. 158.

I had gained such a reputation for dinner-giving, that men going to “_hang out_” sometimes asked me to compose bills of fare for them.–_Ibid._, p. 195.

HARRY SOPHS, or HENRY SOPHISTERS; in reality Harisophs, a corruption of Erisophs ([Greek: erisophos], _valde eruditus_). At Cambridge, England, students who have kept all the terms required for a law act, and hence are ranked as Bachelors of Law by courtesy.–_Gradus ad Cantab._

See, also, Gentleman’s Magazine, 1795, p. 818.

HARVARD WASHINGTON CORPS. From a memorandum on a fly leaf of an old Triennial Catalogue, it would appear that a military company was first established among the students of Harvard College about the year 1769, and that its first captain was Mr. William Wetmore, a graduate of the Class of 1770. The motto which it then assumed, and continued to bear through every period of its existence, was, “Tam Marti quam Mercurio.” It was called at that time the Marti Mercurian Band. The prescribed uniform was a blue coat, the skirts turned with white, nankeen breeches, white stockings, top-boots, and a cocked hat. This association continued for nearly twenty years from the time of its organization, but the chivalrous spirit which had called it into existence seems at the end of that time to have faded away. The last captain, it is believed, was Mr. Solomon Vose, a graduate of the class of 1787.

Under the auspices of Governor Gerry, in December of the year 1811, it was revived, and through his influence received a new loan of arms from the State, taking at the same time the name of the Harvard Washington Corps. In 1812, Mr. George Thacher was appointed its commander. The members of the company wore a blue coat, white vest, white pantaloons, white gaiters, a common black hat, and around the waist a white belt, which was always kept very neat, and to which were attached a bayonet and cartridge-box. The officers wore the same dress, with the exceptions of a sash instead of the belt, and a chapeau in place of the hat. Soon after this reorganization, in the fall of 1812, a banner, with the arms of the College on one side and the arms of the State on the other, was presented by the beautiful Miss Mellen, daughter of Judge Mellen of Cambridge, in the name of the ladies of that place. The presentation took place before the door of her father’s house. Appropriate addresses were made, both by the fair donor and the captain of the company. Mr. Frisbie, a Professor in the College, who was at that time engaged to Miss Mellen, whom he afterwards married, recited on the occasion the following verses impromptu, which were received with great _eclat_.

“The standard’s victory’s leading star, ‘T is danger to forsake it;
How altered are the scenes of war, They’re vanquished now who take it.”

A writer in the Harvardiana, 1836, referring to this banner, says: “The gilded banner now moulders away in inglorious quiet, in the dusty retirement of a Senior Sophister’s study. What a desecration for that ‘flag by angel hands to valor given’!”[40] Within the last two years it has wholly disappeared from its accustomed resting-place. Though departed, its memory will be ever dear to those who saw it in its better days, and under its shadow enjoyed many of the proudest moments of college life.

At its second organization, the company was one of the finest and best drilled in the State. The members were from the Senior and Junior Classes. The armory was in the fifth story of Hollis Hall. The regular time for exercise was after the evening commons. The drum would often beat before the meal was finished, and the students could then be seen rushing forth with the half-eaten biscuit, and at the same time buckling on their armor for the accustomed drill. They usually paraded on exhibition-days, when the large concourse of people afforded an excellent opportunity for showing off their skill in military tactics and manoeuvring. On the arrival of the news of the peace of 1815, it appears, from an interleaved almanac, that “the H.W. Corps paraded and fired a salute; Mr. Porter treated the company.” Again, on the 12th of May, same year, “H.W. Corps paraded in Charlestown, saluted Com. Bainbridge, and returned by the way of Boston.” The captain for that year, Mr. W.H. Moulton, dying, on the 6th of July, at five o’clock, P.M., “the class,” says the same authority, “attended the funeral of Br. Moulton in Boston. The H.W. Corps attended in uniform, without arms, the ceremony of entombing their late Captain.”

In the year 1825, it received a third loan of arms, and was again reorganized, admitting the members of all the classes to its ranks. From this period until the year 1834, very great interest was manifested in it; but a rebellion having broken out at that time among the students, and the guns of the company having been considerably damaged by being thrown from the windows of the armory, which was then in University Hall, the company was disbanded, and the arms were returned to the State.

The feelings with which it was regarded by the students generally cannot be better shown than by quoting from some of the publications in which reference is made to it. “Many are the grave discussions and entry caucuses,” says a writer in the Harvard Register, published in 1828, “to determine what favored few are to be graced with the sash and epaulets, and march as leaders in the martial band. Whilst these important canvassings are going on, it behooves even the humblest and meekest to beware how he buttons his coat, or stiffens himself to a perpendicular, lest he be more than suspected of aspiring to some military capacity. But the _Harvard Washington Corps_ must not be passed over without further notice. Who can tell what eagerness fills its ranks on an exhibition-day? with what spirit and bounding step the glorious phalanx wheels into the College yard? with what exultation they mark their banner, as it comes floating on the breeze from Holworthy? And ah! who cannot tell how this spirit expires, this exultation goes out, when the clerk calls again and again for the assessments.”–p. 378.

A college poet has thus immortalized this distinguished band:–

“But see where yonder light-armed ranks advance!– Their colors gleaming in the noonday glance, Their steps symphonious with the drum’s deep notes, While high the buoyant, breeze-borne banner floats! O, let not allied hosts yon band deride! ‘T is _Harvard Corps_, our bulwark and our pride! Mark, how like one great whole, instinct with life, They seem to woo the dangers of the strife! Who would not brave the heat, the dust, the rain, To march the leader of that valiant train?” _Harvard Register_, p. 235.

Another has sung its requiem in the following strain:–

“That martial band, ‘neath waving stripes and stars Inscribed alike to Mercury and Mars,
Those gallant warriors in their dread array, Who shook these halls,–O where, alas! are they? Gone! gone! and never to our ears shall come The sounds of fife and spirit-stirring drum; That war-worn banner slumbers in the dust, Those bristling arms are dim with gathering rust; That crested helm, that glittering sword, that plume, Are laid to rest in reckless faction’s tomb.” _Winslow’s Class Poem_, 1835.

HAT FELLOW-COMMONER. At the University of Cambridge, Eng., the popular name given to a baronet, the eldest son of a baronet, or the younger son of a nobleman. A _Hat Fellow-Commoner_ wears the gown of a Fellow-Commoner, with a hat instead of the velvet cap with metallic tassel which a Fellow-Commoner wears, and is admitted to the degree of M.A. after two years’ residence.

HAULED UP. In many colleges, one brought up before the Faculty is said to be _hauled up_.

HAZE. To trouble; to harass; to disturb. This word is used at Harvard College, to express the treatment which Freshmen sometimes receive from the higher classes, and especially from the Sophomores. It is used among sailors with the meanings _to urge_, _to drive_, _to harass_, especially with labor. In his Dictionary of Americanisms, Mr. Bartlett says, “To haze round, is to go rioting about.”

Be ready, in fine, to cut, to drink, to smoke, to swear, to _haze_, to dead, to spree,–in one word, to be a Sophomore.–_Oration before H.L. of I.O. of O.F._, 1848, p. 11.

To him no orchard is unknown,–no grape-vine unappraised,– No farmer’s hen-roost yet unrobbed,–no Freshman yet _unhazed_! _Poem before Y.H._, 1849, p. 9.

‘T is the Sophomores rushing the Freshmen to _haze_. _Poem before Iadma_, 1850, p. 22.

Never again
Leave unbolted your door when to rest you retire, And, _unhazed_ and unmartyred, you proudly may scorn Those foes to all Freshmen who ‘gainst thee conspire. _Ibid._, p. 23.

Freshmen have got quietly settled down to work, Sophs have given up their _hazing_.–_Williams Quarterly_, Vol. II. p. 285.

We are glad to be able to record, that the absurd and barbarous custom of _hazing_, which has long prevailed in College, is, to a great degree, discontinued.–_Harv. Mag._, Vol. I. p. 413.

The various means which are made use of in _hazing_ the Freshmen are enumerated in part below. In the first passage, a Sophomore speaks in soliloquy.

I am a man,
Have human feelings, though mistaken Fresh Affirmed I was a savage or a brute,
When I did dash cold water in their necks, Discharged green squashes through their window-panes, And stript their beds of soft, luxurious sheets, Placing instead harsh briers and rough sticks, So that their sluggish bodies might not sleep, Unroused by morning bell; or when perforce, From leaden syringe, engine of fierce might, I drave black ink upon their ruffle shirts, Or drenched with showers of melancholy hue, The new-fledged dickey peering o’er the stock, Fit emblem of a young ambitious mind!
_Harvardiana_, Vol. III. p. 254.

A Freshman writes thus on the subject:–

The Sophs did nothing all the first fortnight but torment the Fresh, as they call us. They would come to our rooms with masks on, and frighten us dreadfully; and sometimes squirt water through our keyholes, or throw a whole pailful on to one of us from the upper windows.–_Harvardiana_, Vol. III. p. 76.

HEAD OF THE HOUSE. The generic name for the highest officer of a college in the English Universities.

The Master of the College, or “_Head of the House_,” is a D.D. who has been a Fellow.–_Bristed’s Five Years in an Eng. Univ._, Ed. 2d, p. 16.

The _heads of houses_ [are] styled, according to the usage of the college, President, Master, Principal, Provost, Warden, or Rector. –_Oxford Guide_, 1847, p. xiii.

Written often simply _Head_.

The “_Head_,” as he is called generically, of an Oxford college, is a greater man than the uninitiated suppose.–_De Quincey’s Life and Manners_, p. 244.

The new _Head_ was a gentleman of most commanding personal appearance.–_Bristed’s Five Years in an Eng. Univ._, Ed. 2d, p. 87.

HEADSHIP. The office and place of head or president of a college.

Most of the college _Headships_ are not at the disposal of the Crown.–_Bristed’s Five Years in an Eng. Univ._, Ed. 2d, note, p. 89, and _errata_.

The _Headships_ of the colleges are, with the exception of Worcester, filled by one chosen by the Fellows from among themselves, or one who has been a Fellow.–_Oxford Guide_, Ed. 1847, p. xiv.

HEADS OUT. At Princeton College, the cry when anything occurs in the _Campus_. Used, also, to give the alarm when a professor or tutor is about to interrupt a spree.

See CAMPUS.

HEBDOMADAL BOARD. At Oxford, the local governing authority of the University, composed of the Heads of colleges and the two Proctors, and expressing itself through the Vice-Chancellor. An institution of Charles I.’s time, it has possessed, since the year 1631, “the sole initiative power in the legislation of the University, and the chief share in its administration.” Its meetings are held weekly, whence the name.–_Oxford Guide. Literary World_, Vol. XII., p. 223.

HIGH-GO. A merry frolic, usually with drinking.

Songs of Scholars in revelling roundelays, Belched out with hickups at bacchanal Go, Bellowed, till heaven’s high concave rebound the lays, Are all for college carousals too low.
Of dullness quite tired, with merriment fired, And fully inspired with amity’s glow,
With hate-drowning wine, boys, and punch all divine, boys, The Juniors combine, boys, in friendly HIGH-GO. _Glossology, by William Biglow_, inserted in _Buckingham’s Reminiscences_, Vol. II. pp. 281-284.

He it was who broached the idea of a _high-go_, as being requisite to give us a rank among the classes in college. _D.A. White’s Address before Soc. of the Alumni of Harv. Univ._, Aug. 27, 1844, p. 35.

This word is now seldom used; the words _High_ and _Go_ are, however, often used separately, with the same meaning; as the compound. The phrase _to get high_, i.e. to become intoxicated, is allied with the above expression.

Or men “_get high_” by drinking abstract toddies? _Childe Harvard_, p. 71.

HIGH STEWARD. In the English universities, an officer who has special power to hear and determine capital causes, according to the laws of the land and the privileges of the university, whenever a scholar is the party offending. He also holds the university _court-leet_, according to the established charter and custom.–_Oxf. and Cam. Cals._

At Cambridge, in addition to his other duties, the High Steward is the officer who represents the University in the House of Lords.

HIGH TABLE. At Oxford, the table at which the Fellows and some other privileged persons are entitled to dine.

Wine is not generally allowed in the public hall, except to the “_high table_.”–_De Quincey’s Life and Manners_, p. 278.

I dine at the “_high table_” with the reverend deans, and hobnob with professors.–_Household Words_, Am. ed., Vol. XI. p 521.

HIGH-TI. At Williams College, a term by which is designated a showy recitation. Equivalent to the word _squirt_ at Harvard College.

HILLS. At Cambridge, Eng., Gogmagog Hills are commonly called _the Hills_.

Or to the _Hills_ on horseback strays, (Unasked his tutor,) or his chaise
To famed Newmarket guides.
_Gradus ad Cantab._, p. 35.

HISS. To condemn by hissing.

This is a favorite method, especially among students, of expressing their disapprobation of any person or measure.

I’ll tell you what; your crime is this, That, Touchy, you did scrape, and _hiss_. _Rebelliad_, p. 45.

Who will bully, scrape, and _hiss_!
Who, I say, will do all this!
Let him follow me,–_Ibid._, p. 53.

HOAXING. At Princeton College, inducing new-comers to join the secret societies is called _hoaxing_.

HOBBY. A translation. Hobbies are used by some students in translating Latin, Greek, and other languages, who from this reason are said to ride, in contradistinction to others who learn their lessons by study, who are said to _dig_ or _grub_.

See PONY.

HOBSON’S CHOICE. Thomas Hobson, during the first third of the seventeenth century, was the University carrier between Cambridge and London. He died January 1st, 1631. “He rendered himself famous by furnishing the students with horses; and, making it an unalterable rule that every horse should have an equal portion of rest as well as labor, he would never let one out of its turn; hence the celebrated saying, ‘Hobson’s Choice: _this_, or none.'” Milton has perpetuated his fame in two whimsical epitaphs, which may be found among his miscellaneous poems.

HOE IN. At Hamilton College, to strive vigorously; a metaphorical meaning, taken from labor with the hoe.

HOIST. It was formerly customary at Harvard College, when the Freshmen were used as servants, to report them to their Tutor if they refused to go when sent on an errand; this complaint was called a _hoisting_, and the delinquent was said to be _hoisted_.

The refusal to perform a reasonable service required by a member of the class above him, subjected the Freshmen to a complaint to be brought before his Tutor, technically called _hoisting_ him to his Tutor. The threat was commonly sufficient to exact the service.–_Willard’s Memories of Youth and Manhood_, Vol. I. p. 259.

HOLD INS. At Bowdoin College, “near the commencement of each year,” says a correspondent, “the Sophs are wont, on some particular evening, to attempt to ‘_hold in_’ the Freshmen when coming out of prayers, generally producing quite a skirmish.”

HOLLIS. Mr. Thomas Hollis of Lincoln’s Inn, to whom, with many others of the same name, Harvard College is so much indebted, among other presents to its library, gave “sixty-four volumes of valuable books, curiously bound.” To these reference is made in the following extract from the Gentleman’s Magazine for September, 1781. “Mr. Hollis employed Mr. Fingo to cut a number of emblematical devices, such as the caduceus of Mercury, the wand of AEsculapius, the owl, the cap of liberty, &c.; and these devices were to adorn the backs and sometimes the sides of books. When patriotism animated a work, instead of unmeaning ornaments on the binding, he adorned it with caps of liberty. When wisdom filled the page, the owl’s majestic gravity bespoke its contents. The caduceus pointed out the works of eloquence, and the wand of AEsculapius was a signal of good medicine. The different emblems were used on the same book, when possessed of different merits, and to express his disapprobation of the whole or parts of any work, the figure or figures were reversed. Thus each cover exhibited a critique on the book, and was a proof that they were not kept for show, as he must read before he could judge. Read this, ye admirers of gilded books, and imitate.”

HONORARIUM, HONORARY. A term applied, in Europe, to the recompense offered to professors in universities, and to medical or other professional gentlemen for their services. It is nearly equivalent to _fee_, with the additional idea of being given _honoris causa_, as a token of respect.–_Brande. Webster_.

There are regular receivers, quaestors, appointed for the reception of the _honorarium_, or charge for the attendance of lectures.–_Howitt’s Student Life of Germany_, Am. ed., p. 30.

HONORIS CAUSA. Latin; _as an honor_. Any honorary degree given by a college.

Degrees in the faculties of Divinity and Law are conferred, at present, either in course, _honoris causa_, or on admission _ad eundem_.–_Calendar Trin. Coll._, 1850, p. 10.

HONORS. In American colleges, the principal honors are appointments as speakers at Exhibitions and Commencements. These are given for excellence in scholarship. The appointments for Exhibitions are different in different colleges. Those of Commencement do not vary so much. The following is a list of the appointments at Harvard College, in the order in which they are usually assigned: Valedictory Oration, called also _the_ English Oration, Salutatory in Latin, English Orations, Dissertations, Disquisitions, and Essays. The salutatorian is not always the second scholar in the class, but must be the best, or, in case this distinction is enjoyed by the valedictorian, the second-best Latin scholar. Latin or Greek poems or orations or English poems sometimes form a part of the exercises, and may be assigned, as are the other appointments, to persons in the first part of the class. At Yale College the order is as follows: Valedictory Oration, Salutatory in Latin, Philosophical Orations, Orations, Dissertations, Disputations, and Colloquies. A person who receives the appointment of a Colloquy can either write or speak in a colloquy, or write a poem. Any other appointee can also write a poem. Other colleges usually adopt one or the other of these arrangements, or combine the two.

At the University of Cambridge, Eng., those who at the final examination in the Senate-House are classed as Wranglers, Senior Optimes, or Junior Optimes, are said to go out in _honors_.

I very early in the Sophomore year gave up all thoughts of obtaining high _honors_.–_Bristed’s Five Years in an Eng. Univ._, Ed. 2d, p. 6.

HOOD. An ornamented fold that hangs down the back of a graduate, to mark his degree.–_Johnson_.

My head with ample square-cap crown, And deck with _hood_ my shoulders.
_The Student_, Oxf. and Cam., Vol. I. p. 349.

HORN-BLOWING. At Princeton College, the students often provide themselves at night with horns, bugles, &c., climb the trees in the Campus, and set up a blowing which is continued as long as prudence and safety allow.

HORSE-SHEDDING. At the University of Vermont, among secret and literary societies, this term is used to express the idea conveyed by the word _electioneering_.

HOUSE. A college. The word was formerly used with this signification in Harvard and Yale Colleges.

If any scholar shall transgress any of the laws of God, or the _House_, he shall be liable, &c.–_Quincy’s Hist. Harv. Univ._, Vol. I. p. 517.

If detriment come by any out of the society, then those officers [the butler and cook] themselves shall be responsible to the _House_.–_Ibid._, Vol. I. p. 583.

A member of the college was also called a _Member of the House_.

The steward is to see that one third part be reserved of all the payments to him by the _members of the House_ quarterly made.–_Quincy’s Hist. Harv. Univ._, Vol. I. p. 582.

A college officer was called an _Officer of the House_.

The steward shall be bound to give an account of the necessary disbursements which have been issued out to the steward himself, butler, cook, or any other _officer of the House_.–_Quincy’s Hist. Harv. Univ._, Vol. I. p. 582.

Neither shall the butler or cook suffer any scholar or scholars whatever, except the Fellows, Masters of Art, Fellow-Commoners or _officers of the House_, to come into the butteries, &c.–_Ibid._, Vol. I. p. 584.

Before the year 1708, the term _Fellows of the House_ was applied, at Harvard College, both to the members of the Corporation, and to the instructors who did not belong to the Corporation. The equivocal meaning of this title was noticed by President Leverett, for, in his duplicate record of the proceedings of the Corporation and the Overseers, he designated certain persons to whom he refers as “Fellows of the House, i.e. of the Corporation.” Soon after this, an attempt was made to distinguish between these two classes of Fellows, and in 1711 the distinction was settled, when one Whiting, “who had been for several years known as Tutor and ‘Fellow of the House,’ but had never in consequence been deemed or pretended to be a member of the Corporation, was admitted to a seat in that board.”–_Quincy’s Hist. Harv. Univ._, Vol. I. pp. 278, 279. See SCHOLAR OF THE HOUSE.

2. An assembly for transacting business.

See CONGREGATION, CONVOCATION.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. At Union College, the members of the Junior Class compose what is called the _House of Representatives_, a body organized after the manner of the national House, for the purpose of becoming acquainted with the forms and manner of legislation. The following account has been furnished by a member of that College.

“At the end of the third term, Sophomore year, when the members of that class are looking forward to the honors awaiting them, comes off the initiation to the House. The Friday of the tenth week is the day usually selected for the occasion. On the afternoon of that day the Sophomores assemble in the Junior recitation-room, and, after organizing themselves by the appointment of a chairman, are waited upon by a committee of the House of Representatives of the Junior Class, who announce that they are ready to proceed with the initiation, and occasionally dilate upon the importance and responsibility of the future position of the Sophomores.

“The invitation thus given is accepted, and the class, headed by the committee, proceeds to the Representatives’ Hall. On their arrival, the members of the House retire, and the incoming members, under the direction of the committee, arrange themselves around the platform of the Speaker, all in the room at the same time rising in their seats. The Speaker of the House now addresses the Sophomores, announcing to them their election to the high position of Representatives, and exhorting them to discharge well all their duties to their constituents and their common country. He closes, by stating it to be their first business to elect the officers of the House.

“The election of Speaker, Vice-Speaker, Clerk, and Treasurer by ballot then follows, two tellers being appointed by the Chair. The Speaker is elected for one year, and must be one of the Faculty; the other officers hold only during the ensuing term. The Speaker, however, is never expected to be present at the meetings of the House, with the exception of that at the beginning of each term session, so that the whole duty of presiding falls on the Vice-Speaker. This is the only meeting of the _new_ House during that term.

“On the second Friday afternoon of the fall term, the Speaker usually delivers an inaugural address, and soon after leaves the chair to the Vice-Speaker, who then announces the representation from the different States, and also the list of committees. The members are apportioned by him according to population, each State having at least one, and some two or three, as the number of the Junior Class may allow. The committees are constituted in the manner common to the National House, the number of each, however, being less. Business then follows, as described in Jefferson’s Manual; petitions, remonstrances, resolutions, reports, debates, and all the ‘toggery’ of legislation, come on in regular, or rather irregular succession. The exercises, as may be well conceived, furnish an excellent opportunity for improvement in parliamentary tactics and political oratory.”

The House of Representatives was founded by Professor John Austin Tates. It is not constituted by every Junior Class, and may be regarded as intermittent in its character.

See SENATE.

HUMANIST. One who pursues the study of the _humanities (literae humaniores)_, or polite literature; a term used in various European universities, especially the Scotch.–_Brandt_.

HUMANITY, _pl._ HUMANITIES. In the plural signifying grammar, rhetoric, the Latin and Greek languages, and poetry; for teaching which there are professors in the English and Scotch universities. –_Encyc._

HUMMEL. At the University of Vermont, a foot, especially a large one.

HYPHENUTE. At Princeton College, the aristocratic or would-be aristocratic in dress, manners, &c., are called _Hyphenutes_. Used both as a noun and adjective. Same as [Greek: Oi Aristoi] q.v.

_I_.

ILLUMINATE. To interline with a translation. Students _illuminate_ a book when they write between the printed lines a translation of the text. _Illuminated_ books are preferred by good judges to ponies or hobbies, as the text and translation in them are brought nearer to one another. The idea of calling books thus prepared _illuminated_, is taken partly from the meaning of the word _illuminate_, to adorn with ornamental letters, substituting, however, in this case, useful for ornamental, and partly from one of its other meanings, to throw light on, as on obscure subjects.

ILLUSTRATION. That which elucidates a subject. A word used with a peculiar application by undergraduates in the University of Cambridge, Eng.

I went back,… and did a few more bits of _illustration_, such as noting down the relative resources of Athens and Sparta when the Peloponnesian war broke out, and the sources of the Athenian revenue.–_Bristed’s Five Years in an Eng. Univ._, Ed. 2d, p. 51.

IMPOSITION. In the English universities, a supernumerary exercise enjoined on students as a punishment.

Minor offences are punished by rustication, and those of a more trivial nature by fines, or by literary tasks, here termed _Impositions_.–_Oxford Guide_, p. 149.

Literary tasks called _impositions_, or frequent compulsive attendances on tedious and unimproving exercises in a college hall.–_T. Warton, Minor Poems of Milton_, p. 432.

_Impositions_ are of various lengths. For missing chapel, about one hundred lines to copy; for missing a lecture, the lecture to translate. This is the measure for an occasional offence…. For coming in late at night repeatedly, or for any offence nearly deserving rustication, I have known a whole book of Thucydides given to translate, or the Ethics of Aristotle to analyze, when the offender has been a good scholar, while others, who could only do mechanical work, have had a book of Euclid to write out.

Long _impositions_ are very rarely _barberized_. When college tutors intend to be severe, which is very seldom, they are not to be trifled with.

At Cambridge, _impositions_ are not always in writing, but sometimes two or three hundred lines to repeat by heart. This is ruin to the barber.–_Collegian’s Guide_, pp. 159, 160.

In an abbreviated form, _impos._

He is obliged to stomach the _impos._, and retire.–_Grad. ad Cantab._, p. 125.

He satisfies the Proctor and the Dean by saying a part of each _impos._–_Ibid._, p. 128.

See BARBER.

INCEPT. To take the degree of Master of Arts.

They may nevertheless take the degree of M.A. at the usual period, by putting their names on the _College boards_ a few days previous to _incepting_.–_Cambridge Calendar_.

The M.A. _incepts_ in about three years and two months from the time of taking his first degree.–_Bristed’s Five Years in an Eng. Univ._, Ed. 2d, p. 285.

INCEPTOR. One who has proceeded to the degree of M.A., but who, not enjoying all the privileges of an M.A. until the Commencement, is in the mean time termed an Inceptor.

Used in the English universities, and formerly at Harvard College.

And, in case any of the Sophisters, Questionists, or _Inceptors_ fail in the premises required at their hands … they shall be deferred to the following year.–_Laws of 1650, in Quincy’s Hist. Harv. Univ._, Vol. I. p. 518.

The Admissio _Inceptorum_ was as follows: “Admitto te ad secundum gradum in artibus pro more Academiarum in Anglia: tibique trado hunc librum una cum potestate publice profitendi, ubicunque ad hoc munus publice evocatus fueris.”–_Ibid._, Vol. I. p. 580.

INDIAN SOCIETY. At the Collegiate Institute of Indiana, a society of smokers was established, in the year 1837, by an Indian named Zachary Colbert, and called the Indian Society. The members and those who have been invited to join the society, to the number of sixty or eighty, are accustomed to meet in a small room, ten feet by eighteen; all are obliged to smoke, and he who first desists is required to pay for the cigars smoked at that meeting.

INDIGO. At Dartmouth College, a member of the party called the Blues. The same as a BLUE, which see.

The Howes, years ago, used to room in Dartmouth Hall, though none room there now, and so they made up some verses. Here is one:–

“Hurrah for Dartmouth Hall!
Success to every student
That rooms in Dartmouth Hall,
Unless he be an _Indigo_,
Then, no success at all.”
_The Dartmouth_, Vol. IV. p. 117.

INITIATION. Secret societies exist in almost all the colleges in the United States, which require those who are admitted to pass through certain ceremonies called the initiation. This fact is often made use of to deceive Freshmen, upon their entrance into college, who are sometimes initiated into societies which have no existence, and again into societies where initiation is not necessary for membership.

A correspondent from Dartmouth College writes as follows: “I believe several of the colleges have various exercises of _initiating_ Freshmen. Ours is done by the ‘United Fraternity,’ one of our library societies (they are neither of them secret), which gives out word that the _initiation_ is a fearful ceremony. It is simply every kind of operation that can be contrived to terrify, and annoy, and make fun of Freshmen, who do not find out for some time that it is not the necessary and serious ceremony of making them members of the society.”

In the University of Virginia, students on entering are sometimes initiated into the ways of college life by very novel and unique ceremonies, an account of which has been furnished by a graduate of that institution. “The first thing, by way of admitting the novitiate to all the mysteries of college life, is to require of him in an official communication, under apparent signature of one of the professors, a written list, tested under oath, of the entire number of his shirts and other necessary articles in his wardrobe. The list he is requested to commit to memory, and be prepared for an examination on it, before the Faculty, at some specified hour. This the new-comer usually passes with due satisfaction, and no little trepidation, in the presence of an august assemblage of his student professors. He is now remanded to his room to take his bed, and to rise about midnight bell for breakfast. The ‘Callithumpians’ (in this Institution a regularly organized company), ‘Squallinaders,’ or ‘Masquers,’ perform their part during the livelong night with instruments ‘harsh thunder grating,’ to insure to the poor youth a sleepless night, and give him full time to con over and curse in his heart the miseries of a college existence. Our fellow-comrade is now up, dressed, and washed, perhaps two hours in advance of the first light of dawn, and, under the guidance of a _posse comitatus_ of older students, is kindly conducted to his morning meal. A long alley, technically ‘Green Alley,’ terminating with a brick wall, informing all, ‘Thus far shalt thou go, and no farther,’ is pointed out to him, with directions ‘to follow his nose and keep straight ahead.’ Of course the unsophisticated finds himself completely nonplused, and gropes his way back, amidst the loud vociferations of ‘Go it, green un!’ With due apologies for the treatment he has received, and violent denunciations against the former _posse_ for their unheard-of insolence towards the gentleman, he is now placed under different guides, who volunteer their services ‘to see him through.’ Suffice it to be said, that he is again egregiously ‘taken in,’ being deposited in the Rotunda or Lecture-room, and told to ring for whatever he wants, either coffee or hot biscuit, but particularly enjoined not to leave without special permission from one of the Faculty. The length of his sojourn in this place, where he is finally left, is of course in proportion to his state of verdancy.”

INSPECTOR OF THE COLLEGE. At Yale College, a person appointed to ascertain, inspect, and estimate all damages done to the College buildings and appurtenances, whenever required by the President. All repairs, additions, and alterations are made under his inspection, and he is also authorized to determine whether the College chambers are fit for the reception of the students. Formerly the inspectorship in Harvard College was held by one of the members of the College government. His duty was to examine the state of the College public buildings, and also at stated times to examine the exterior and interior of the buildings occupied by the students, and to cause such repairs to be made as were in his opinion proper. The same duties are now performed by the _Superintendent of Public Buildings_.–_Laws Yale Coll._, 1837, p. 22. _Laws Harv. Coll._, 1814, p. 58, and 1848, p 29.

The duties of the _Inspector of the College Buildings_, at Middlebury, are similar to those required of the inspector at Yale.–_Laws Md. Coll._, 1839, pp. 15, 16.

IN STATU PUPILLARI. Latin; literally, _in a state of pupilage_. In the English universities, one who is subject to collegiate laws, discipline, and officers is said to be _in statu pupillari_.

And the short space that here we tarry, At least “_in statu pupillari_,”
Forbids our growing hopes to germ, Alas! beyond the appointed term.
_Grad. ad Cantab._, p. 109.

INTERLINEAR. A printed book, with a written translation between the lines. The same as an _illuminated_ book; for an account of which, see under ILLUMINATE.

Then devotes himself to study, with a steady, earnest zeal, And scorns an _Interlinear_, or a Pony’s meek appeal. _Poem before Iadma_, 1850, p. 20.

INTERLINER. Same as INTERLINEAR.

In the “Memorial of John S. Popkin, D.D.,” a Professor at Harvard College, Professor Felton observes: “He was a mortal enemy to translations, ‘_interliners_,’ and all such subsidiary helps in learning lessons; he classed them all under the opprobrious name of ‘facilities,’ and never scrupled to seize them as contraband goods. When he withdrew from College, he had a large and valuable collection of this species of literature. In one of the notes to his Three Lectures he says: ‘I have on hand a goodly number of these confiscated wares, full of manuscript innotations, which I seized in the way of duty, and would now restore to the owners on demand, without their proving property or paying charges.'”–p. lxxvii.

Ponies, _Interliners_, Ticks, Screws, and Deads (these are all college verbalities) were all put under contribution.–_A Tour through College_, Boston, 1832, p. 25.

INTONITANS BOLUS. Greek, [Greek: bolos], a lump. Latin, _bolus_, a bit, a morsel. English, _bolus_, a mass of anything made into a large pill. It may be translated _a thundering pill_. At Harvard College, the _Intonitans Bolus_ was a great cane or club which was given nominally to the strongest fellow in the graduating class; “but really,” says a correspondent, “to the greatest bully,” and thus was transmitted, as an entailed estate, to the Samsons of College. If any one felt that he had been wronged in not receiving this emblem of valor, he was permitted to take it from its possessor if he could. In later years the club presented a very curious appearance; being almost entirely covered with the names of those who had held it, carved on its surface in letters of all imaginable shapes and descriptions. At one period, it was in the possession of Richard Jeffrey Cleveland, a member of the class of 1827, and was by him transmitted to Jonathan Saunderson of the class of 1828. It has disappeared within the last fifteen or twenty years, and its hiding-place, even if it is in existence, is not known.

See BULLY CLUB.

INVALID’S TABLE. At Yale College, in former times, a table at which those who were not in health could obtain more nutritious food than was supplied at the common board. A graduate at that institution has referred to the subject in the annexed extract. “It was extremely difficult to obtain permission to board out, and indeed impossible except in extreme cases: the beginning of such permits would have been like the letting out of water. To take away all pretext for it, an ‘_invalid’s table_’ was provided, where, if one chose to avail himself of it, having a doctor’s certificate that his health required it, he might have a somewhat different diet.”–_Scenes and Characters in College, New Haven_, 1847, pp. 117, 118.

_J_.

JACK-KNIFE. At Harvard College it has long been the custom for the ugliest member of the Senior Class to receive from his classmates a _Jack-knife_, as a reward or consolation for the plainness of his features. In former times, it was transmitted from class to class, its possessor in the graduating class presenting it to the one who was deemed the ugliest in the class next below.

Mr. William Biglow, a member of the class of 1794, the recipient for that year of the Jack-knife,–in an article under the head of “Omnium Gatherum,” published in the Federal Orrery, April 27, 1795, entitled, “A Will: Being the last words of CHARLES CHATTERBOX, Esq., late worthy and much lamented member of the Laughing Club of Harvard University, who departed college life, June 21, 1794, in the twenty-first year of his age,”–presents this _transmittendum_ to his successor, with the following words:–

“_Item_. C—- P—-s[41] has my knife, During his natural college life;
That knife, which ugliness inherits, And due to his superior merits,
And when from Harvard he shall steer, I order him to leave it here,
That’t may from class to class descend, Till time and ugliness shall end.”

Mr. Prentiss, in the autumn of 1795, soon after graduating, commenced the publication of the Rural Repository, at Leominster, Mass. In one of the earliest numbers of this paper, following the example of Mr. Biglow, he published his will, which Mr. Paine, the editor of the Federal Orrery, immediately transferred to his columns with this introductory note:–“Having, in the second number of ‘Omnium Gatherum’ presented to our readers the last will and testament of Charles Chatterbox, Esq., of witty memory, wherein the said Charles, now deceased, did lawfully bequeath to Ch—-s Pr—-s the celebrated ‘Ugly Knife,’ to be by him transmitted, at his college demise, to the next succeeding candidate; ——– and whereas the said Ch—-s Pr—-s, on the 21st of June last, departed his aforesaid college life, thereby leaving to the inheritance of his successor the valuable legacy which his illustrious friend had bequeathed, as an entailed estate, to the poets of the university,–we have thought proper to insert a full, true, and attested copy of the will of the last deceased heir, in order that the world may be furnished with a correct genealogy of this renowned _Jack-knife_, whose pedigree will become as illustrious in after time as the family of the ‘ROLLES,’ and which will be celebrated by future wits as the most formidable _weapon_ of modern genius.”

That part of the will only is here inserted which refers particularly to the Knife. It is as follows:–

“I–I say I, now make this will;
Let those whom I assign fulfil.
I give, grant, render, and convey
My goods and chattels thus away;
That _honor of a college life,
That celebrated_ UGLY KNIFE,
Which predecessor SAWNEY[42] orders, Descending to time’s utmost borders,
To _noblest bard_ of _homeliest phiz_, To have and hold and use, as his,
I now present C—-s P—-y S—-r,[43] To keep with his poetic lumber,
To scrape his quid, and make a split, To point his pen for sharpening wit;
And order that he ne’er abuse
Said ugly knife, in dirtier use,
And let said CHARLES, that best of writers, In prose satiric skilled to bite us,
And equally in verse delight us,
Take special care to keep it clean From unpoetic hands,–I ween.
And when those walls, the muses’ seat, Said S—-r is obliged to quit,
Let some one of APOLLO’S firing,
To such heroic joys aspiring,
Who long has borne a poet’s name,
With said Knife cut his way to fame.” See _Buckingham’s Reminiscences_, Vol. II. pp. 281, 270.

Tradition asserts that the original Jack-knife was terminated at one end of the handle by a large blade, and at the other by a projecting piece of iron, to which a chain of the same metal was attached, and that it was customary to carry it in the pocket fastened by this chain to some part of the person. When this was lost, and the custom of transmitting the Knife went out of fashion, the class, guided by no rule but that of their own fancy, were accustomed to present any thing in the shape of a knife, whether oyster or case, it made no difference. In one instance a wooden one was given, and was immediately burned by the person who received it. At present the Jack-knife is voted to the ugliest member of the Senior Class, at the meeting for the election of officers for Class Day, and the sum appropriated for its purchase varies in different years from fifty cents to twenty dollars. The custom of presenting the Jack-knife is one of the most amusing of those which have come down to us from the past, and if any conclusion may be drawn from the interest which is now manifested in its observance, it is safe to infer, in the words of the poet, that it will continue
“Till time and ugliness shall end.”

In the Collegiate Institute of Indiana, a Jack-knife is given to the greatest liar, as a reward of merit.

See WILL.

JAPANNED. A cant term in use at the University of Cambridge, Eng., explained in the following passage. “Many … step … into the Church, without any pretence of other change than in the attire of their outward man,–the being ‘_japanned_,’ as assuming the black dress and white cravat is called in University slang.”–_Bristed’s Five Years in an Eng. Univ._, Ed. 2d, p. 344.

JESUIT. At the University of Cambridge, Eng., a member of Jesus College.

JOBATION. At the University of Cambridge, Eng., a sharp reprimand from the Dean for some offence, not eminently heinous.

Thus dismissed the august presence, he recounts this _jobation_ to his friends, and enters into a discourse on masters, deans, tutors, and proctors.–_Grad. ad Cantab._, p. 124.

JOBE. To reprove; to reprimand. “In the University of Cambridge, [Eng.,] the young scholars are wont to call chiding, _jobing_.”–_Grad. ad Cantab._

I heard a lively young man assert, that, in consequence of an intimation from the tutor relative to his irregularities, his father came from the country to _jobe_ him.–_Gent. Mag._, Dec. 1794.

JOE. A name given at several American colleges to a privy. It is said that when Joseph Penney was President of Hamilton College, a request from the students that the privies might be cleansed was met by him with a denial. In consequence of this refusal, the offices were purified by fire on the night of November 5th. The derivation of the word, allowing the truth of this story, is apparent.

The following account of _Joe-Burning_ is by a correspondent from Hamilton College:–“On the night of the 5th of November, every year, the Sophomore Class burn ‘Joe.’ A large pile is made of rails, logs, and light wood, in the form of a triangle. The space within is filled level to the top, with all manner of combustibles. A ‘Joe’ is then sought for by the class, carried from its foundations on a rude bier, and placed on this pile. The interior is filled with wood and straw, surrounding a barrel of tar placed in the middle, over all of which gallons of turpentine are thrown, and then set fire to. From the top of the lofty hill on which the College buildings are situated, this fire can be seen for twenty miles around. The Sophomores are all disguised in the most odd and grotesque dresses. A ring is formed around the burning ‘Joe,’ and a chant is sung. Horses of the neighbors are obtained and ridden indiscriminately, without saddle or bridle. The burning continues usually until daylight.”

Ponamus Convivium
_Josephi_ in locum
Et id uremus.
_Convivii Exsequiae, Hamilton Coll._, 1850.

JOHNIAN. A member of St. John’s College in the University of Cambridge, Eng.

The _Johnians_ are always known by the name of pigs; they put up a new organ the other day, which was immediately christened “Baconi Novum Organum.”–_Westminster Rev._, Am. ed., Vol. XXXV., p 236.

JUN. Abbreviated for Junior.

The target for all the venomed darts of rowdy Sophs, magnificent _Juns_, and lazy Senes.–_The Yale Banger_, Nov. 10, 1846.

JUNE. An abbreviation of Junior.

I once to Yale a Fresh did come,
But now a jolly _June_,
Returning to my distant home,
I bear the wooden spoon.
_Songs of Yale_, 1853, p. 36.

But now, when no longer a Fresh or a Soph, Each blade is a gentleman _June_.
_Ibid._, p. 39.

JUNE TRAINING. The following interesting and entertaining account of one of the distinguishing customs of the University of Vermont, is from the pen of one of her graduates, to whom the editor of this work is under many obligations for the valuable assistance he has rendered in effecting the completeness of this Collection.

“In the old time when militia trainings were in fashion, the authorities of Burlington decided that, whereas the students of the University of Vermont claimed and were allowed the right of suffrage, they were to be considered citizens, and consequently subject to military duty. The students having refused to appear on parade, were threatened with prosecution; and at last they determined to make their appearance. This they did on a certain