Electricity:
capacity: 2,440,000 kW
production: 7.8 billion kWh
consumption per capita: 650 kWh (1993)
Industries: copper mining and processing, construction, foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals, textiles, and fertilizer
Agriculture: accounts for 12% of GDP and 85% of labor force; crops – corn (food staple), sorghum, rice, peanuts, sunflower, tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, cassava; cattle, goats, beef, eggs
Illicit drugs: increasingly a regional transshipment center for methaqualone and heroin
Economic aid:
recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (1970-89), $4.8 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $4.8 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $60 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $533 million
Currency: 1 Zambian kwacha (ZK) = 100 ngwee
Exchange rates: Zambian kwacha (ZK) per US$1 – 672.8 (September 1994), 434.78 (1993), 156.25 (1992), 61.7284 (1991), 28.9855 (1990)
Fiscal year: calendar year
@Zambia:Transportation
Railroads:
total: 1,273 km
narrow gauge: 1,273 km 1.067-m gauge (13 km double track) note: not a part of Zambia Railways is the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA), which operates 1,860 km of 1.067-m narrow gauge track between Dar es Salaam and New Kapiri M’poshi where it connects to the Zambia Railways system; 891 km of the TAZARA line transit Zambia
Highways:
total: 36,370 km
paved: 6,500 km
unpaved: crushed stone, gravel, stabilized earth 7,000 km; improved, unimproved earth 22,870 km
Inland waterways: 2,250 km, including Zambezi and Luapula Rivers, Lake Tanganyika
Pipelines: crude oil 1,724 km
Ports: Mpulungu
Airports:
total: 113
with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4
with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 4
with paved runways under 914 m: 39 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 4 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 57
@Zambia:Communications
Telephone system: NA telephones; facilities are among the best in Sub-Saharan Africa
local: NA
intercity: high capacity micrwave radio relay connects most larger towns and cities
international: 2 INTELSAT earth stations (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)
Radio:
broadcast stations: AM 11, FM 5, shortwave 0 radios: NA
Television:
broadcast stations: 9
televisions: NA
@Zambia:Defense Forces
Branches: Army, Air Force, Police
Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,953,967; males fit for military service 1,028,113 (1995 est.)
Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion – $45 million, 1.4% of GDP (1994)
________________________________________________________________________
ZIMBABWE
@Zimbabwe:Geography
Location: Southern Africa, northeast of Botswana
Map references: Africa
Area:
total area: 390,580 sq km
land area: 386,670 sq km
comparative area: slightly larger than Montana
Land boundaries: total 3,066 km, Botswana 813 km, Mozambique 1,231 km, South Africa 225 km, Zambia 797 km
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims: none; landlocked
International disputes: quadripoint with Botswana, Namibia, and Zambia is in disagreement
Climate: tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to March)
Terrain: mostly high plateau with higher central plateau (high veld); mountains in east
Natural resources: coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper, iron ore, vanadium, lithium, tin, platinum group metals
Land use:
arable land: 7.25%
permanent crops: 0.25% (coffee is a permanent crop) meadows and pastures: 12.5%
forest and woodland: 49%
other: 31%
Irrigated land: 2,250 sq km (1993 est.)
Environment:
current issues: deforestation; soil erosion; land degradation; air and water pollution; the black rhinoceros herd – once the largest concentration of the species in the world – has been significantly reduced by poaching
natural hazards: recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare
international agreements: party to – Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified – Desertification
Note: landlocked
@Zimbabwe:People
Population: 11,139,961 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 47% (female 2,588,193; male 2,617,485) 15-64 years: 51% (female 2,915,697; male 2,723,511) 65 years and over: 2% (female 151,635; male 143,440) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate: 1.78% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 36.35 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 18.54 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) note: following the settlement of hostilities in Mozambique in 1992, refugees from the fighting there began to return to their homes; this process continues at a lesser rate in 1995; there is a small but steady flow of Zimbabweans into South Africa in search of better paid employment
Infant mortality rate: 72.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 41.35 years
male: 39.73 years
female: 43.01 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 4.93 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Zimbabwean(s)
adjective: Zimbabwean
Ethnic divisions: African 98% (Shona 71%, Ndebele 16%, other 11%), white 1%, mixed and Asian 1%
Religions: syncretic (part Christian, part indigenous beliefs) 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs 24%, Muslim and other 1%
Languages: English (official), Shona, Sindebele
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1982) total population: 78%
male: 84%
female: 72%
Labor force: 3.1 million
by occupation: agriculture 74%, transport and services 16%, mining, manufacturing, construction 10% (1987)
@Zimbabwe:Government
Names:
conventional long form: Republic of Zimbabwe conventional short form: Zimbabwe
former: Southern Rhodesia
Digraph: ZI
Type: parliamentary democracy
Capital: Harare
Administrative divisions: 8 provinces; Manicaland, Mashonaland Central, Mashonaland East, Mashonaland West, Masvingo (Victoria), Matabeleland North, Matabeleland South, Midlands
Independence: 18 April 1980 (from UK)
National holiday: Independence Day, 18 April (1980)
Constitution: 21 December 1979
Legal system: mixture of Roman-Dutch and English common law
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state and head of government: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Co-Vice President Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987); Co-Vice President Joshua M. NKOMO (since 6 August 1990); election last held 28-30 March 1990 (next to be held NA March 1996); results – Robert MUGABE 78.3%, Edgar TEKERE 21.7%
cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president; responsible to Parliament
Legislative branch: unicameral
Parliament: elections last held 8-9 April 1995 (next to be held NA March 2000); results – percent of vote by party NA; seats – (150 total, 120 elected) ZANU-PF 118, ZANU-S 2
Judicial branch: Supreme Court
Political parties and leaders: Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF), Robert MUGABE; Zimbabwe African National Union-Sithole (ZANU-S), Ndabaningi SITHOLE; Zimbabwe Unity Movement (ZUM), Edgar TEKERE; Democratic Party (DP), Emmanuel MAGOCHE; Forum Party of Zimbabwe, Enock DUMBUTSHENA; United Parties, Abel MUZOREWA
Member of: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, FLS, G-15, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, PCA, SADC, UN, UNAMIR, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMUR, UNOSOM, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Amos Bernard Muvengwa MIDZI chancery: 1608 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 332-7100
FAX: [1] (202) 483-9326
US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission: Ambassador Johnny CARSON embassy: 172 Herbert Chitepo Avenue, Harare mailing address: P. O. Box 3340, Harare telephone: [263] (4) 794521
FAX: [263] (4) 796488
Flag: seven equal horizontal bands of green, yellow, red, black, red, yellow, and green with a white equilateral triangle edged in black based on the hoist side; a yellow Zimbabwe bird is superimposed on a red five-pointed star in the center of the triangle
@Zimbabwe:Economy
Overview: Agriculture employs three-fourths of the labor force and supplies almost 40% of exports. The manufacturing sector, based on agriculture and mining, produces a variety of goods and contributes 35% to GDP. Mining accounts for only 5% of both GDP and employment, but minerals and metals account for about 40% of exports. Severe drought caused GDP to drop 8% in 1992, with growth rebounding to 2% in 1993 and 3.5% in 1994. Despite the lingering effects of the drought on economic and social conditions, the government is continuing to push its IMF/World Bank structural adjustment program aimed at encouraging exports and foreign investment.
National product: GDP – purchasing power parity – $17.4 billion (1994 est.)
National product real growth rate: 3.5% (1994 est.)
National product per capita: $1,580 (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 22% (December 1994 est.)
Unemployment rate: at least 45% (1994 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $1.7 billion
expenditures: $2.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $253 million (FY92/93)
Exports: $1.8 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: agricultural 35% (tobacco 30%, other 5%), manufactures 25%, gold 12%, ferrochrome 10%, textiles 8% (1992) partners: UK 14%, Germany 11%, South Africa 10%, Japan 7%, US 5% (1991)
Imports: $1.8 billion (c.i.f., 1992 est.) commodities: machinery and transportation equipment 41%, other manufactures 23%, chemicals 16%, fuels 12% (1991) partners: South Africa 25%, UK 15%, Germany 9%, US 6%, Japan 5% (1991)
External debt: $3.5 billion (December 1992 est.)
Industrial production: growth rate 2.3% (1992); accounts for 35% of GDP
Electricity:
capacity: 2,040,000 kW
production: 9 billion kWh
consumption per capita: 913 kWh (1993)
Industries: mining, steel, clothing and footwear, chemicals, foodstuffs, fertilizer, beverage, transportation equipment, wood products
Agriculture: accounts for 20% of GDP; 40% of land area divided into 4,500 large commercial farms and 42% in communal lands; crops – corn (food staple), cotton, tobacco, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, peanuts; livestock – cattle, sheep, goats, pigs; self-sufficient in food
Economic aid: NA
Currency: 1 Zimbabwean dollar (Z$) = 100 cents
Exchange rates: Zimbabwean dollars (Z$) per US$1 – 8.3752 (January 1995), 8.1500 (1994), 6.4725 (1993), 5.1046 (1992), 3.4282 (1991), 2.4480 (1990)
Fiscal year: 1 July – 30 June
@Zimbabwe:Transportation
Railroads:
total: 2,745 km
narrow gauge: 2,745 km 1.067-m gauge (355 km electrified; 42 km double track)
Highways:
total: 85,237 km
paved: 15,800 km
unpaved: crushed stone, gravel, stabilized earth 39,090 km; improved earth 23,097 km; unimproved earth 7,250 km
Inland waterways: Lake Kariba is a potential line of communication
Pipelines: petroleum products 212 km
Ports: Binga, Kariba
Airports:
total: 471
with paved runways over 3,047 m: 3 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 13
with paved runways under 914 m: 222 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 2 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 223
@Zimbabwe:Communications
Telephone system: 247,000 telephones; system was once one of the best in Africa, but now suffers from poor maintenance local: NA
intercity: consists of microwave links, open-wire lines, and radio communications stations
international: 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station
Radio:
broadcast stations: AM 8, FM 18, shortwave 0 radios: NA
Television:
broadcast stations: 8
televisions: NA
@Zimbabwe:Defense Forces
Branches: Zimbabwe National Army, Air Force of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe Republic Police (includes Police Support Unit, Paramilitary Police)
Manpower availability: males age 15-49 2,435,931; males fit for military service 1,514,068 (1995 est.)
Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion – $175 million, 3.1% of GDP (FY94/95)
________________________________________________________________________
APPENDIX B
Abbreviations for International Organizations and Groups
Note: Not all international organizations and groups have abbreviations.
A
ABEDA — Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa
ACC — Arab Cooperation Council
ACCT — Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et Technique; see Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation
ACP — African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries
AfDB — African Development Bank
AFESD — Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development
AG — Andean Group
AL — Arab League
ALADI — Asociacion Latinoamericana de Integracion; see Latin American Integration Association (LAIA)
AMF — Arab Monetary Fund
AMU — Arab Maghreb Union
ANZUS — Australia-New Zealand-United States Security Treaty
APEC — Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation
AsDB — Asian Development Bank
ASEAN — Association of Southeast Asian Nations
B
BAD — Banque Africaine de Developpement; see African Development Bank (AfDB)
BADEA — Banque Arabe de Developpement Economique en Afrique; see Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA)
BCIE — Banco Centroamericano de Integracion Economico; see Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE)
BDEAC — Banque de Developpment des Etats de l’Afrique Centrale; see Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC)
Benelux — Benelux Economic Union
BID — Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo; see Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)
BIS — Bank for International Settlements
BOAD — Banque Ouest-Africaine de Developpement; see West African Development Bank (WADB)
BSEC — Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone
C
C — Commonwealth
CACM — Central American Common Market
CAEU — Council of Arab Economic Unity
CARICOM — Caribbean Community and Common Market
CBSS — Council of the Baltic Sea States
CCC — Customs Cooperation Council
CDB — Caribbean Development Bank
CE — Council of Europe
CEAO — Communaute Economique de l’Afrique de l’Ouest; see West African Economic Community (CEAO)
CEEAC — Communaute Economique des Etats de l’Afrique Centrale; see Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC)
CEI — Central European Initiative
CEMA — Council for Mutual Economic Assistance; also known as CMEA or Comecon; abolished 1 January 1991
CEPGL — Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs; see Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL)
CERN — Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire; see European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)
CG — Contadora Group
CIS — Commonwealth of Independent States
CMEA — Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA); also known as Comecon; abolished 1 January 1991
COCOM — Coordinating Committee on Export Controls
Comecon — Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA); also known as CMEA; abolished 1 January 1991
CP — Colombo Plan
CSCE — Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe
D
DC — developed country
E
EADB — East African Development Bank
EBRD — European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
EC — European Community; see European Union (EU)
ECA — Economic Commission for Africa
ECAFE — Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East; see Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)
ECE — Economic Commission for Europe
ECLA — Economic Commission for Latin America; see Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)
ECLAC — Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
ECO — Economic Cooperation Organization
ECOSOC — Economic and Social Council
ECOWAS — Economic Community of West African States
ECSC — European Coal and Steel Community
ECWA — Economic Commission for Western Asia; see Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)
EEC — European Economic Community
EFTA — European Free Trade Association
EIB — European Investment Bank
Entente — Council of the Entente
ESA — European Space Agency
ESCAP — Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
ESCWA — Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia
EU — European Union
Euratom — European Atomic Energy Community
F
FAO — Food and Agriculture Organization
FLS — Front Line States
FZ — Franc Zone
G
G-2 — Group of 2
G-3 — Group of 3
G-5 — Group of 5
G-6 — Group of 6 (not to be confused with the Big Six)
G-7 — Group of 7
G-8 — Group of 8
G-9 — Group of 9
G-10 — Group of 10
G-11 — Group of 11
G-15 — Group of 15
G-19 — Group of 19
G-24 — Group of 24
G-30 — Group of 30
G-33 — Group of 33
G-77 — Group of 77
GATT — General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GCC — Gulf Cooperation Council
H
Habitat — Commission on Human Settlements
I
IADB — Inter-American Development Bank
IAEA — International Atomic Energy Agency
IBEC — International Bank for Economic Cooperation
IBRD — International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
ICAO — International Civil Aviation Organization
ICC — International Chamber of Commerce
ICEM — Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration; see International Organization for Migration (IOM)
ICFTU — International Confederation of Free Trade Unions
ICJ — International Court of Justice
ICM — Intergovernmental Committee for Migration; see International Organization for Migration (IOM)
ICRC — International Committee of the Red Cross
ICRM — International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
IDA — International Development Association
IDB — Islamic Development Bank
IEA — International Energy Agency
IFAD — International Fund for Agricultural Development
IFC — International Finance Corporation
IFCTU — International Federation of Christian Trade Unions
IFRCS — International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
IGADD — Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and Development
IIB — International Investment Bank
ILO — International Labor Organization
IMCO — Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization; see International Maritime Organization (IMO)
IMF — International Monetary Fund
IMO — International Maritime Organization
INMARSAT — International Maritime Satellite Organization
INTELSAT — International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
INTERPOL — International Criminal Police Organization
IOC — International Olympic Committee
IOM — International Organization for Migration
ISO — International Organization for Standardization
ITU — International Telecommunication Union
L
LAES — Latin American Economic System
LAIA — Latin American Integration Association
LAS — League of Arab States; see Arab League (AL)
LDC — less developed country
LLDC — least developed country
LORCS — League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
M
MERCOSUR — Mercado Comun del Cono Sur; see Southern Cone Common Market
MINURSO — United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara
MTCR — Missile Technology Control Regime
N
NACC — North Atlantic Cooperation Council
NAM — Nonaligned Movement
NATO — North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NC — Nordic Council
NEA — Nuclear Energy Agency
NIB — Nordic Investment Bank
NIC — newly industrializing country; see newly industrializing economy (NIE)
NIE — newly industrializing economy
NSG — Nuclear Suppliers Group
O
OAPEC — Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries
OAS — Organization of American States
OAU — Organization of African Unity
OECD — Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
OECS — Organization of Eastern Caribbean States
OIC — Organization of the Islamic Conference
ONUMOZ — see UNOMOZ
ONUSAL — United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador
OPANAL — Organismo para la Proscripcion de las Armas Nucleares en la America Latina y el Caribe; see Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean
OPEC — Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
OSCE — Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe
P
PCA — Permanent Court of Arbitration
PFP — Partnership for Peace
R
RG — Rio Group
S
SAARC — South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
SACU — Southern African Customs Union
SADC — Southern African Development Community
SADCC — Southern African Development Coordination Conference
SELA — Sistema Economico Latinoamericana; see Latin American Economic System (LAES)
SPARTECA — South Pacific Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement
SPC — South Pacific Commission
SPF — South Pacific Forum
U
UDEAC — Union Douaniere et Economique de l’Afrique Centrale; see Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC)
UN — United Nations
UNAVEM II — United Nations Angola Verification Mission
UNAMIR — United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda
UNCTAD — United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
UNDOF — United Nations Disengagement Observer Force
UNDP — United Nations Development Program
UNEP — United Nations Environment Program
UNESCO — United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
UNFICYP — United Nations Force in Cyprus
UNFPA — United Nations Fund for Population Activities; see UN Population Fund (UNFPA)
UNHCR — United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees
UNICEF — United Nations Children’s Fund
UNIDO — United Nations Industrial Development Organization
UNIFIL — United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
UNIKOM — United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission
UNITAR — United Nations Institute for Training and Research
UNMIH — United Nations Mission in Haiti
UNMOGIP — United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan
UNOMIG — United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia
UNOMIL — United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia
UNOMOZ — United Nations Operation in Mozambique
UNOMUR — United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda (ONUMOZ)
UNOSOM — United Nations Operation in Somalia
UNPROFOR — United Nations Protection Force
UNRISD — United Nations Research Institute for Social Development
UNRWA — United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East
UNTAC — United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia
UNTSO — United Nations Truce Supervision Organization
UNU — United Nations University
UPU — Universal Postal Union
USSR/EE — USSR/Eastern Europe
W
WADB — West African Development Bank
WCL — World Confederation of Labor
WEU — Western European Union
WFC — World Food Council
WFP — World Food Program
WFTU — World Federation of Trade Unions
WHO — World Health Organization
WIPO — World Intellectual Property Organization
WMO — World Meteorological Organization
WP — Warsaw Pact (members met 1 July 1991 to dissolve the alliance)
WTO — see WToO
WToO — World Tourism Organization
WTrO — World Trade Organization (will be added in The World Factbook 1996)
Z
ZC — Zangger Committee
________________________________________________________________________
APPENDIX C
International Organizations and Groups
Note: The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) has dissolved and ceases to exist. None of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, including Serbia and Montenegro, have been permitted to participate solely on the basis of the membership of the former Yugoslavia in the United Nations General Assembly and Economic and Social Council and their subsidiary bodies and in various United Nations specialized agencies. The United Nations, however, permits the seat and nameplate of the SFRY to remain, permits the SFRY mission to continue to function, and continues to fly the flag of the former Yugoslavia. For a variety of reasons, a number of other organizations have not yet taken action with regard to the membership of the former Yugoslavia. The World Factbook therefore continues to list Yugoslavia under international organizations where the SFRY seat remains or where no action has yet been taken.
advanced developing countries
another term for those less developed countries (LDCs) with particularly rapid industrial development; see newly industrializing economies (NIEs)
African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries (ACP)
address — Avenue Georges Henri 451, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
telephone — [32] (2) 733 96 00
FAX — [32] (2) 735 55 73
established — 1 April 1976
aim — to manage their preferential economic and aid relationship with the EU
members — (70) Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d’Ivoire, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Western Samoa, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
African Development Bank (AfDB)
note — also known as Banque Africaine de Developpement (BAD)
address — 01 BP 1387, Abidjan 01, Cote dIvoire
telephone — [225] 20 44 44
FAX — [225] 21 77 53, 20 49 01, 20 49 09
established — 4 August 1963
aim — to promote economic and social development
regional members — (51) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d’Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
nonregional members — (26) Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Kuwait, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US, Yugoslavia
Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et Technique (ACCT)
see — Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation (ACCT)
Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation (ACCT)
note — acronym from Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et Technique
address — 13 quai Andre-Citroen, F-75015 Paris, France
telephone — [33] (1) 44 37 33 00
FAX — [33] (1) 45 79 14 98
established — 21 March 1970
aim — to promote cultural and technical cooperation among French-speaking countries
members — (37) Belgium, Benin, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d’Ivoire, Djibouti, Dominica, Equatorial Guinea, France, Gabon, Guinea, Haiti, Laos, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius, Monaco, Niger, Romania, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles, Togo, Tunisia, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Zaire
associate members — (5) Egypt, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, Morocco, Saint Lucia
participating governments — (2) New Brunswick (Canada), Quebec (Canada)
Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the
Caribbean (OPANAL)
note — acronym from Organismo para la Proscripcion de las Armas Nucleares en la America Latina y el Caribe (OPANAL)
address — Temistocles 78, Col Polanco, CP 011560, Mexico City 5 DF, Mexico
telephone — [52] (5) 280 4923, 280 5064
FAX — [52] (5) 280 2965
established — 14 February 1967
aim — to encourage the peaceful uses of atomic energy and prohibit nuclear weapons
members — (28) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela
Andean Group (AG)
address — c\o JUNAC, Paseo de la Republica 3895, Casilla 18-1177, Lima 27, Peru
telephone — [51] (14) 414212
FAX — [51] (14) 420911
established — 26 May 1969
effective — 16 October 1969
aim — to promote harmonious development through economic integration
members — (5) Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela
associate member — (1) Panama
observers — (26) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Costa Rica, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Paraguay, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US, Uruguay, Yugoslavia
Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA)
note — also known as Banque Arabe de Developpement Economique en Afrique (BADEA)
address — Sayed Abdel Rahman El Mahdi Avenue, P.O. Box 2640, Khartoum, Sudan
telephone — [249] (11) 73646, 73498, 73709
FAX — [249] (11) 70600
established — 18 February 1974
effective — 16 September 1974
aim — to promote economic development
members — (17 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Palestine Liberation Organization; note – these are all the members of the Arab League except for Comoros, Djibouti, Somalia, and Yemen
Arab Cooperation Council (ACC)
established — 16 February 1989
aim — to promote economic cooperation and integration, possibly leading to an Arab Common Market
members — (4) Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Yemen
Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD)
address — P.O. Box 21923, Safat 13080, Kuwait
telephone — [965] 2451580, 2451588
FAX — [965] 2416758
established — 16 May 1968
aim — to promote economic and social development
members — (20 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt (suspended from 1979 to 1988), Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization
Arab League (AL)
note — also known as League of Arab States (LAS)
address — Midan Attahrir, Tahrir Square, P.O. Box 11642, Cairo, Egypt
telephone — [20] (2) 750 511
FAX — [20] (2) 740 331
established — 22 March 1945
aim — to promote economic, social, political, and military cooperation
members — (21 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization
Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)
address — 27 avenue Okba Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
established — 17 February 1989
aim — to promote cooperation and integration among the Arab states of northern Africa
members — (5) Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia
Arab Monetary Fund (AMF)
address — P.O. Box 2818, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
telephone — [971] (2) 215000
FAX — [971] (2) 326454
established — 27 April 1976
effective — 2 February 1977
aim — to promote Arab cooperation, development, and integration in monetary and economic affairs
members — (19 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
address — Ministry of Trade and Industry, Public Relations, 8 Shenton Way No 48-01, Treasury Building, Singapore, Singapore
established — 7 November 1989
aim — to promote trade and investment in the Pacific basin
members — (18) all ASEAN members (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand) plus Australia, Canada, Chile, China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, NZ, Papua New Guinea, Taiwan, US
observers — (3) Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Pacific Economic Cooperation Conference, South Pacific Forum
Asian Development Bank (AsDB)
address — 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong, METRO Manila, Philippines
telephone — [63] (2) 711 3851
FAX — [63] (2) 741 7961, 631 6816
established — 19 December 1966
aim — to promote regional economic cooperation
regional members — (40) Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, Cambodia, China, Cook Islands, Fiji, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, NZ, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Tonga, Tuvalu, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Western Samoa
nonregional members — (16) Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US
Asociacion Latinoamericana de Integracion (ALADI)
see — Latin American Integration Association (LAIA)
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
address — Jalan Sisingamangaraja 70A, Kebayoran Baru, P.O. Box 2072, Jakarta 12110, Indonesia
telephone — [62] (21) 71 22 72, 71 19 88
FAX — [62] (21) 739 82 34
established — 9 August 1967
aim — to encourage regional economic, social, and cultural cooperation among the non-Communist countries of Southeast Asia
members — (6) Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand
observers — (3) Laos, Papua New Guinea, Vietnam
Australia Group
established — 1984
aim — to consult on and coordinate export controls related to chemical and biological weapons
members — (28) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US
observer — (1) Singapore
Australia-New Zealand-United States Security Treaty (ANZUS)
address — c/o Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Bag 8, Queen Victoria Terrace, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia
telephone — [61] (62) 61 91 11
FAX — [61] (62) 61 21 51
established — 1 September 1951
effective — 29 April 1952
aim — to implement a trilateral mutual security agreement, although the US suspended security obligations to NZ on 11 August 1986
members — (3) Australia, NZ, US
Banco Centroamericano de Integracion Economico (BCIE)
see — Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE)
Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID)
see — Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)
Bank for International Settlements (BIS)
address — Centralbahnplatz 2, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
telephone — [41] (61) 280 80 80
FAX — [41] (61) 280 91 00
established — 20 January 1930
effective — 17 March 1930
aim — to promote cooperation among central banks in international financial settlements
members — (33) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US, Yugoslavia
Banque Africaine de Developpement (BAD)
see — African Development Bank (AfDB)
Banque Arabe de Developpement Economique en Afrique (BADEA)
see — Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA)
Banque de Developpement des Etats de l’Afrique Centrale (BDEAC)
see — Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC)
Banque Ouest-Africaine de Developpement (BOAD)
see — West African Development Bank (WADB)
Benelux Economic Union (Benelux)
note — acronym from Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg
address — Rue de la Regence 39, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
telephone — [32] (2) 519 38 11
FAX — [32] (2) 513 42 06
established — 3 February 1958
effective — 1 November 1960
aim — to develop closer economic cooperation and integration
members — (3) Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands
Big Seven
note — membership is the same as the Group of 7
established — NA 1975
aim — to discuss and coordinate major economic policies
members — (7) Big Six (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK) plus the US
Big Six
note — not to be confused with the Group of 6
established — NA 1967
aim — to foster economic cooperation
members — (6) Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK
Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone (BSEC)
established — 25 June 1992
aim — to enhance regional stability through economic cooperation
members — (11) Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine
observer — (1) Poland
Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM)
address — CARICOM, P.O. Box 10827, Bank of Guyana Building, 3rd floor, Avenue of the Republic, Georgetown, Guyana
telephone — [592] (2) 69281 through 69289
FAX — [592] (2) 66091, 67816, 57341
established — 4 July 1973
effective — 1 August 1973
aim — to promote economic integration and development, especially among the less developed countries
members — (14) Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago
associate members — (2) British Virgin Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands
observers — (9) Anguilla, Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Mexico, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Venezuela
Caribbean Development Bank (CDB)
address — P.O. Box 408, Wildey, St. Michael, Barbados
telephone — [1] (809) 431 1600
FAX — [1] (809) 426 7269
established — 18 October 1969
effective — 26 January 1970
aim — to promote economic development and cooperation
regional members — (20) Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Colombia, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Venezuela
nonregional members — (5) Canada, France, Germany, Italy, UK
Cartagena Group
see — Group of 11
Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC)
note — acronym from Union Douaniere et Economique de l’Afrique Centrale
address — BP 969, Bangui, Central African Republic
telephone — [236] 61 09 22, 61 45 77
FAX — [236] 61 21 35
established — 8 December 1964
effective — 1 January 1966
aim — to promote the establishment of a Central African Common Market
members — (6) Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon
Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC)
note — acronym from Banque de Developpement des Etats de l’Afrique Centrale
address — BDEAC, Place du Gouvernement, BP 1177, Brazzaville, Congo
telephone — [242] 83 01 26, 83 01 49, 81 02 12, 81 02 21
FAX — [242] 83 02 66
established — 3 December 1975
aim — to provide loans for economic development
members — (9) Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, France, Gabon, Germany, Kuwait
Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE)
note — acronym from Banco Centroamericano de Integracion Economico
address — Apartado Postal 772, Tegucigalpa DC, Honduras
telephone — [504] 372230 through 372239, 371184 through 371188
FAX — [504] 370793
established — 13 December 1960
aim — to promote economic integration and development
members — (5) Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua
nonregional members — (4) Argentina, Mexico, Taiwan, Venezuela
Central American Common Market (CACM)
address — 4A Avda 10-25, Zona 14, Apdo Postal 1237, 01901 Guatemala City, Guatemala
telephone — [502] (2) 682151
FAX — [502] (2) 681071
established — 13 December 1960
effective — 3 June 1961
aim — to promote establishment of a Central American Common Market
members — (5) Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua
Central European Initiative (CEI)
note — evolved from the Hexagonal Group
address — Chairman of the National Coordinators, Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Bem rakpart 47, Budapest II, Hungary
established — 27 July 1991
aim — to form an economic and political cooperation group for the region between the Adriatic and the Baltic Seas
members — (10) Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia
associate members — (4) Bulgaria, Belarus, Romania, Ukraine
centrally planned economies
a term applied mainly to the traditionally Communist states that looked to the former USSR for leadership; most are now evolving toward more democratic and market-oriented systems; also known formerly as the Second World or as the Communist countries; through the 1980s, this group included Albania, Bulgaria, Cambodia, China, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, GDR, Hungary, North Korea, Laos, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam, Yugoslavia
Colombo Plan (CP)
address — Colombo Plan Bureau, P.O. Box 596, 12 Melbourne Avenue, Colombo 4, Sri Lanka
telephone — [94] (1) 581813, 581853, 581754
FAX — [94] (1) 580721
established — 1 July 1951
aim — to promote economic and social development in Asia and the Pacific
members — (24) Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, Cambodia, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Nepal, NZ, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, US
Commission for Social Development
note — formerly Social Commission
address — c/o ECOSOC/DPCSD, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA
telephone — [1] (212) 963 2320
FAX — [1] (212) 963 5935
established — 21 June 1946 as the Social Commission, renamed 29 July 1966
aim — to deal, as part of the Economic and Social Council, with social development programs of UN
members — (32) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice
established — 6 February 1992
aim — to provide guidance, as part of the Economic and Social Council, on crime prevention and criminal justice
members — (40) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
Commission on Human Rights
address — c/o United Nationas Office, Centre for Human Rights, Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland
telephone — [41] (22) 917 12 34, 907 12 34
FAX — [41] (22) 733 32 46
established — 18 February 1946
aim — to assist, as part of the Economic and Social Council, with human rights programs of UN
members — (53) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
Commission on Human Settlements (Habitat)
address — c/o HABITAT, P.O. Box 30030, Nairobi, Kenya
telephone — [254] (2) 621234
FAX — [254] (2) 226473, 226479
established — 12 October 1978
aim — to assist, as part of the Economic and Social Council, in solving human settlement problems of UN
members — (58) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
Commission on Narcotic Drugs
address — c/o International Drug Control Programme, Treaty Implementation and Legal Affairs Division, P.O. Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria
telephone — [43] (1) 211 310
FAX — [43] (1) 230 7002
established — 16 February 1946
aim — Economic and Social Council organization dealing with illicit drugs programs of UN
members — (53) selected on a rotating basis from all regions with emphasis on producing and processing countries
Commission on Science and Technology for Development
established — 30 April 1992
aim — to promote international cooperation, as part of the Economic and Social Council, in the field of science and technology
members — (53) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
Commission on the Status of Women
address — c/o Economic and Social Council, Affairs Division, Department for Policy Coordination and Sustainable Development, Room S-2963, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA
established — 21 June 1946
aim — to deal, as part of the Economic and Social Council, with women’s rights goals of UN
members — (45) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
Commission on Sustainable Development
established — 12 February 1993
aim — to monitor, as part of the Economic and Social Council, implementation of agreements reached at the UN Conference on Environment and Development
members — (53) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
Commonwealth (C)
address — c/o Commonwealth Secretariat, Marlborough House, Pall Mall, London SW1Y5HX, UK
telephone — [44] (71) 839 3411
FAX — [44] (71) 930 0827
established — 31 December 1931
aim — to foster multinational cooperation and assistance, as a voluntary association that evolved from the British Empire
members — (49) Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Botswana, Brunei, Canada, Cyprus, Dominica, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guyana, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritius, Namibia, NZ, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, UK, Vanuatu, Western Samoa, Zambia, Zimbabwe
special members — (2) Nauru, Tuvalu
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
address — Kirov Street 17, 220000 Minsk, Belarus
telephone — [7] (172) 293434, 293517
FAX — [7] (172) 261894, 261944
established — 8 December 1991
effective — 21 December 1991
aim — to coordinate intercommonwealth relations and to provide a mechanism for the orderly dissolution of the USSR
members — (12) Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan
Communaute Economique de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (CEAO)
see — West African Economic Community (CEAO)
Communaute Economique des Etats de l’Afrique Centrale (CEEAC)
see — Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC)
Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs (CEPGL)
see — Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL)
Communist countries
traditionally the Marxist-Leninist states with authoritarian governments and command economies based on the Soviet model; most of the original and the successor states are no longer Communist; see centrally planned economies
Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE)
see — Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)
Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire (CERN)
see — European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)
Contadora Group (CG)
was established 5 January 1983 (on the Panamanian island of Contadora) to reduce tensions and conflicts in Central America; has evolved into the Rio Group (RG); members included Colombia, Mexico, Panama, Venezuela
Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf
see — Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
Coordinating Committee on Export Controls (COCOM)
established in 1949 to control the export of strategic products and technical data from member countries to proscribed destinations; members were Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, UK, US; was abolished 31 March 1994; COCOM members are working on a new organization with expanded membership which focuses on nonproliferation export controls as opposed to East-West control of advanced technology
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA)
note — also known as CMEA or Comecon established 25 January 1949 to promote the development of socialist economies and was abolished 1 January 1991; members included Afghanistan (observer), Albania (had not participated since 1961 break with USSR), Angola (observer), Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia (observer), GDR, Hungary, Laos (observer), Mongolia, Mozambique (observer), Nicaragua (observer), Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam, Yemen (observer), Yugoslavia (associate)
Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU)
address — BP 925100, Amman, Jordan
telephone — [962] (6) 66 43 26, 66 43 27, 66 43 28
FAX — [962] (6) 66 33 43
established — 3 June 1957
effective — 30 May 1964
aim — to promote economic integration among Arab nations
members — (11 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Mauritania, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization
Council of Europe (CE)
address — Palais de lEurope, F-67075 Strasbourg CEDEX, France
telephone — [33] 88 41 20 00
FAX — [33] 88 41 27 81, 88 41 27 82
established — 5 May 1949
effective — 3 August 1949
aim — to promote increased unity and quality of life in Europe
members — (32) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK
guests — (9) Albania, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Latvia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Russia, Ukraine
observer — (1) Israel
Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS)
established — 5 March 1992
aim — to promote cooperation among the Baltic Sea states in the areas of aid to new democratic institutions, economic development, humanitarian aid, energy and the environment, cultural programs and education, and transportation and communication
members — (10) Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden
Council of the Entente (Entente)
address — BP 3734, Abidjan 01, Cote dIvoire
telephone — [225] 33 10 01, 33 28 35
FAX — [225] 33 11 49
established — 29 May 1959
aim — to promote economic, social, and political coordination
members — (5) Benin, Burkina, Cote d’Ivoire, Niger, Togo
Customs Cooperation Council (CCC)
address — Rue de lIndustrie 26-38, B-1040 Brussels, Belgium
telephone — [32] (2) 508 42 11
FAX — [32] (2) 508 42 40
established — 15 December 1950
aim — to promote international cooperation in customs matters
members — (136) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bermuda, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cote d’Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macau, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
developed countries (DCs)
the top group in the hierarchy of developed countries (DCs), former USSR/Eastern Europe (former USSR/EE), and less developed countries (LDCs); includes the market-oriented economies of the mainly democratic nations in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Bermuda, Israel, South Africa, and the European ministates; also known as the First World, high-income countries, the North, industrial countries; generally have a per capita GDP in excess of $10,000 although four OECD countries and South Africa have figures well under $10,000 and two of the excluded OPEC countries have figures of more than $10,000; the 35 DCs are: Andorra, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bermuda, Canada, Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Holy See, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Monaco, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, San Marino, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US
developing countries
an imprecise term for the less developed countries with growing economies;
see — less developed countries (LDCs)
East African Development Bank (EADB)
address — 4 Nile Avenue, P.O. Box 7128, Kampala, Uganda
telephone — [256] (41) 230021, 230825
FAX — [256] (41) 259763
established — 6 June 1967
effective — 1 December 1967
aim — to promote economic development
members — (3) Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)
address — United Nations Building, Rajadamnern Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand
telephone — [66] (2) 2829161 through 2829200, 2829381 through 2829389
FAX — [66] (2) 2811743
established — 28 March 1947 as Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE)
aim — to carryout the commitment of the Economic and Social Council of the UN to promote economic development
members — (49) Afghanistan, Armenia, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, China, Fiji, France, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, Tonga, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, UK, US, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Western Samoa
associate members — (10) American Samoa, Cook Islands, French Polynesia, Guam, Hong Kong, Macau, New Caledonia, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau
Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)
address — (temporary) P.O. Box 927115, Amman, Jordan
telephone — [962] (6) 694351
FAX — [962] (6) 694981, 694982
established — 9 August 1973 as Economic Commission for Western Asia (ECWA)
aim — to promote economic development as a regional commission for the UN’s Economic and Social Council
members — (12 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization
Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
address — United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA
telephone — [1] (212) 963 1234
FAX — [1] (212) 758 2718
established — 26 June 1945
effective — 24 October 1945
aim — to coordinate the economic and social work of the UN; includes five regional commissions (see Economic Commission for Africa, Economic Commission for Europe, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia) and 10 functional commissions (see Commission for Social Development, Commission on Human Rights, Commission on Narcotic Drugs, Commission on the Status of Women, Population Commission, Statistical Commission, Commission on Science and Technology for Development, Commission on Sustainable Development, Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, and Commission on Transnational Corporations)
members — (54) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)
address — P.O. Box 3001-3005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
telephone — [251] (1) 51 72 00
FAX — [251] (1) 51 44 16
established — 29 April 1958
aim — to promote economic development as a regional commission of the UN’s Economic and Social Council
members — (53) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d’Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
associate members — (2) France, UK
Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE)
see — Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)
Economic Commission for Europe (ECE)
address — Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland
telephone — [41] (22) 917 1234, 907 2893
FAX — [41] (22) 917 0036
established — 28 March 1947
aim — to promote economic development as a regional commission of the