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[386] Kenrick, /Phœnicia/, p. 418.

[387] Q. Curt. iv. 3, § 8.

[388] Arrian, l.s.c.

[389] Arrian, ii. 20, § 1.

[390] Ibid. § 2.

[391] Arrian, ii. 20; § 3; Q. Curt. iv. 3, § 11.

[392] {‘Epibibasas tois katastromasi ton upaspiston osoi ikanoi edokoun es to ergon} (Arrian, ii. 20, § 6).

[393] The Tyrians had but eighty vessels against Alexander’s 224.

[394] Arrian, /Exp. Alex./ ii. 20, ad fin.

[395] Ibid. ii. 21, § 8.

[396] Q. Curt. iv. 3, § 7-9.

[397] Diod. Sic. xvii. 42, § 6; Q. Curt. l.s.c.

[398] See Kenrick, /Phœnicia/, pp. 421, 422.

[399] Arrian, /Exp. Alex./ ii. 21, § 1.

[400] Arrian, /Exp. Alex./ ii. 21, § 4-7.

[401] Arrian, /Exp. Alex./ ii. 21, § 8.

[402] Some editions of Arrian gave {Pasikratous tou Thourieos}, “Pasicrates the Thurian,” but the right reading is undoubtedly {tou Kourieos}, “the Curian, or king of Curium.” (See the note of Sintenis ad loc.)

[403] Arrian, /Exp. Alex./ ii. 22, § 2.

[404] Six triremes and all the quinqueremes (Arrian, ii. 22, § 3).

[405] Arrian, /Exp. Alex./ ii. 22, § 5.

[406] Diod. Sic. xvii. 42, § 7.

[407] Ibid. xvii. 45, § 4.

[408] Diod. Sic. xvii. 45, § 3.

[409] Ibid. xvii. 43, § 7, 8.

[410] Ibid. xvii. 44, § 4.

[411] Ibid. xvii. 44, § 1-3.

[412] Ibid. § 4.

[413] Ibid. xvii. 45, § 6.

[414] Ibid. xvii. 43, § 3.

[415] Arrian, /Exp. Alex./ ii. 22, sub fin.

[416] {Kateseise tou teikhous epi mega} (Ibid. ii. 23, § 1).

[417] Diod. Sic. xvii. 46, § 1.

[418] Arrian, ii. 23, § 2.

[419] Ibid. ii. 23, § 5.

[420] Not “/the/ foremost,” as Diodorus says (xvii. 46, § 2).

[421] Arrian, /Exp. Alex./ ii. 23, ad fin.

[422] Ibid. ii. 24, § 1.

[423] Ibid.

[424] Arrian, /Exp. Alex./ ii. 24, § 4.

[425] Diod. Sic. xvii. 46, § 4.

[426] So Arrian (l.s.c.) Diodorus reduces the number to thirteen thousand (xvii. 46, § 4).

[427] Diod. Sic. xvii. 46, § 5; Arrian, ii. 24, § 6.

[428] See Kenrick, /Phœnicia/, p. 428, note 3.

[429] See Diod. Sic. xvii. 46, § 6. The name Abd-elonim, “servant of the gods,” is common. The Greeks and Romans generally render it by Abdalonymus.

[430] Arrian, /Exp. Alex./ iii. 6, § 3.

[431] Ibid. vi. 1, § 6.

[432] Arrian, /Exp. Alex./ vi. 22, § 4.

[433] Ibid. vii. 19, § 3.

[434] Ibid. § 5.

[435] Diod. Sic. xviii. 3, § 1.

[436] Ibid. 43, § 2.

[437] Diod. Sic. xix. 58, § 1.

[438] So Kenrick, /Phœnicia/, p. 433. Compare Diod. Sic. xviii. 37, § 4.

[439] Diod. Sic. xix. 58, § 2-4.

[440] Ibid. 61, § 6.

[441] Plutarch, /Vit. Demetr./ § 32.

[442] Diod. Sic. xxx. 17; Polyb. v. 40.

[443] Polyb. v. 60.

[444] Ibid. v. 62.

[445] Polyb. xvi. 18; Joseph. /Ant. Jud./ xii. 3, § 3.

[446] See Kenrick, /Phœnicia/, p. 436.

[447] Herod. i. 1. Egypt never sent trading ships into the Mediterranean. All her commerce with Syria, Asia Minor, and Europe was carried on either in Greek or Phœnician bottoms.

[448] Kenrick, /Phœnicia/, l.s.c.

[449] As that of the Red Sea, Arabia, and the East African coast.

[450] 2 Macc. iv. 18.

[451] Ibid. verses 44-50.

[452] Gesenius, /Mon. Phœn./ pls. 32-34.

[453] Kenrick, /Phœnicia/, pp. 437, 438.

[454] Livy, xxvii. 30.

[455] 2 Macc. iv. 49.

[456] 1 Macc. iii. 34-36; 2 Macc. viii. 9; Joseph. /Ant. Jud./ xii. 7, § 2,

[457] 2 Macc. viii. 11.

[458] 1 Macc. iii. 41.

[459] 2 Macc. viii. 25; Joseph. /Ant. Jud./ xii. 7, § 4.

[460] Strab. xvii. 2, § 22.

[461] Joseph. /Ant. Jud./ xii. 4, § 3.

[462] Ibid. § 4.

[463] By Theodotus in B.C. 219 (Polyb. v. 61, § 5), by Cleopatra, queen of Syria, about B.C. 85 (Joseph. /Ant. Jud./ xiii. 13, § 2), by Tigranes in B.C. 83 (ibid. xiii. 16, § 4), &c.

[464] Justin, /Hist. Philipp./ xl. 1; Appian, /Syriaca/, § 48.

[465] Kenrick, /Phœnicia/, p. 438.

[466] Or, sometimes, under a proprætor.

[467] Joseph. /Ant. Jud./ xiv. 10, § 2.

[468] Ibid. xv. 4, § 1, ad fin.

[469] Ibid. xiv. 12, §§ 4, 5.

[470] Mommsen, /History of Rome/, iv. 113-115, Engl. Tr.; Merivale, /Roman Empire/, i. 36.

[471] Thucyd. i. 4.

[472] See the author’s /Sixth Oriental Monarchy/, pp. 178-180.

[473] Dio Cass. /Hist. Rom./ xlviii. 25.

[474] Ibid. § 26.

[475] Joseph. /Ant. Jud./ xiv. 13.

[476] Dio. Cass. xlviii. 39-41.

[477] Ibid. liv. 7.

[478] Ramsay, in Smith’s /Dict. of Greek and Rom. Geography/, i. 11.

[479] Suidas ad voc. {Paulos Turios}.

[480] Mark vii. 24-30. Compare Matt. xv. 21-28.

[481] Acts xii. 20, 21.

[482] Acts xi. 19.

[483] Ibid. xxi. 3-7.

[484] See Robertson, /History of the Christian Church/, i. 195, 196.

[485] Ibid. p. 201.

[486] Some doubts have been entertained as to whether Porphyry was really a Tyrian, but his own statement (/Vit. Plotini/, ii. 107), backed as it is by the testimony of Eunapius and Suidas, should be regarded as settling the question.

[487] Mason, in Smith’s /Dict. of Greek and Rom. Biography/, iii. 502.

[488] See the article on PORPHYRIUS in Smith’s /Dict. of Greek and Rom. Biography/, iii. 498-502.

[489] Strab. xvi. 2, § 24.

[490] See the lines quoted by Kenrick (/Phœnicia/, p. 440, note) from Cramer’s /Anecdota Græca/ (iv. 19, § 6):–

{Oi tes Stoas bullousin ‘Akademian, Purronas outoi, pantas o Stegeirites. ‘Alloi de touton Phoinikes te kai Suroi.}

[491] Strabo, l.s.c.

[492] Ibid. Strabo’s words are: {Nuni de pases kai tes alles philosophias euporian polu pleisten labein estin ek touton ton poleon.}

[493] Smith’s /Dict. of Greek and Rom. Biography/, ii. 417.

[494] Kenrick, /Phœnicia/, p. 440.

[495] Suidas, s.v. {Paulos Turios}.

[496] Smith’s /Dict. of Greek and Rom. Biography/, ii. 1000.

[497] Smith’s Gibbon, ii. 317.

[498] Heineccius, /Ant. Rom. Synt./ Proëm, § 45.

[499] Ibid.

[500] See Eckhel, /Doctr. Num. Vet./ iii. 366; Mionnet, /Description des Médailles/, Supplement.

[501] Note that the “Syro-Phœnician woman” who conversed with our Lord is spoken of as also {‘Ellenis}, one whose language was Greek (Mark vii. 26).

[502] /De situ orbis/, i. 12; “Sidon adhuc opulenta.”

[503] Ulpian, /Digest. Leg. de Cens./ tit. 15.

[504] /Exp. totius Mundi/ in Hudson’s /Geographi Minores/, iii. 6.

[505] Hieronymus, /Comment. ad Ezek./ xxxvi. 7.

[506] Hieronymus, /Comment. ad Ezek./ xxvii. 2.

[507] Ezek. xxvi. 14.

[508] Euseb. /Vita Constantin. Magni/, iii. 58.