sg. I., III. sceal beÃdan (_shall offer_), 384; so, 424, 438, 602, 637, 1061, 1707, 1856, 1863, 2070; sceall, 2499, 2509, etc.; II. scealt, 1708; pl. wit sculon, 684; subj. pret. scolde, 280, 692, 911; sceolde, 3069.–3) sculan sometimes forms a periphrastic phrase or circumlocution for a simple tense, usually with a slight feeling of obligation or necessity: pres. sg. he ge-wunian sceall (_he inhabits; is said to inhabit?_), 2276; pret. sg. se Ëe wâ°ter-egesan wunian scolde, 1261; wâ°cnan scolde (_was to awake_), 85; se Ëone gomelan grÃtan sceolde (_was to, should, approach_), 2422; Ëâ°t se byrn-wÃga bËgan sceolde (_the corseleted warrior had to bow, fell_), 2919; pl. Ëâ Ëe beado-grÃman bËwan sceoldon (_they that had to polish or deck the battle-masks_), 2258; so, 230, 705, 1068.–4) w. omitted inf., such as wesan, gangan: unc sceal worn fela mâma ge-mÃnra (i.e. wesan). 1784; so, 2660; sceal se hearda helm … fâ°tum befeallen (i.e. wesan), 2256; ic him â°fter sceal (i.e. gangan), 2817; subj. Ëonne Ëu for scyle (i.e. gangan), 1180. A verb or inf. expressed in an antecedent clause is not again expressed with a subsequent sceal: gÃ â Wyrd swâ hià scel (_Weird goeth ever as it shall_ [go]), 455; gË-bill ge-swâc swâ hit nà sceolde (i.e. ge-swÃcan), 2586.
scËa, w. m., _shadowy demon_: in comp. de·-scËa.
scËfan, st. v.: 1) intrans., _to move forward, hasten_: pret. part. Ëâ wâ°s morgen-leÃht scofen and scynded, 919.–2) w. acc., _to shove, push_: pret. pl. guman Ët scufon … wudu bundenne (_pushed the vessel from the land_), 215; dracan scufun … ofer weall-clif (_pushed the dragon over the wall-like cliff_), 3132. See wÃd-scofen(?)
be-scËfan, w. acc., _to push, thrust down, in_: inf. wâ bi Ëâ°m Ëe sceal … sâwle be-scËfan in fËres fâ°ï£¿m (_woe to him that shall thrust his soul into fire’s embrace_), 184.
scËr, st. m., _shower, battle-shower_: in comp. Ãsern-scËr.
scËr-heard, adj., _fight-hardened? (file-hardened?_): nom. pl. scËr-heard, 1034.
scyld, scyldan. See scild, scildan.
scyldig, adj., _under obligations_ or _bound for; guilty of_, w. gen. and instr.: ealdres (morres) scyldig, 1339, 1684, 2062; synnum scyldig (_guilty of evil deeds_), 3072.
scyndan, w. v., _to hasten_: inf. scyndan, 2571; pret. part, scynded, 919
scynna. See scinna.
scyppend. See sceapan.
scyran, w. v., _to arrange, decide_: inf. Ëâ°t hit sceaen-mÃl scyran mÃste (_that the sword must decide it_), 1940. O.N. skora, _to score, decide_.
scËne, adj., _sheen, well-formed, beautiful_: nom. sg. mâ°g scËne, 3017.
se, pron. dem. and article, _the_: m. nom., 79, 84, 86, 87, 90, 92, 102, etc.; fem, seÃ, 66, 146, etc.; neut. Ëâ°t;–relative: se (_who_), 1611, 2866; se Ëe (_he who_), 2293; seà Ëe (_she who_), 1446; se Ëe (for seà Ëe), 1345, 1888, 2686; cf. 1261, 1498; (Grendel’s mother, as a wild, demonic creature, is conceived now as man, now as woman: woman, as having borne a son; man, as the incarnation of savage cunning and power); se for seÃ, 2422; dat. sg. Ëam (for Ëam Ëe), 2780.
secce. See sacu.
secg, st. m., _man, warrior, hero, spokesman_ (secgan?): nom. sg., 208, 872, 2228, 2407, etc.; (BeÃwulf), 249, 948, 1312, 1570, 1760, etc.; (Wulfgâr), 402; (HËnfer), 981; (WÃglâf), 2864; acc. sg. sinnigne secg (Grendel’s mother, cf. se), 1380; dat. sg. secge, 2020; nom. pl. secgas, 213, 2531, 3129; dat. pl. secgum, 490; gen. pl. secga, 634, 843, 997, 1673.
secg, st. f., _sword_ (sedge?): acc. sg. secge, 685.
secgan, w. v., _to say, speak_: 1) w. acc.: pres. sg. gode ic Ëanc secge, 1998; so, 2796; pres. part. swâ se secg hwata secgende wâ°s lâra spella (partitive gen.), 3029; inf. secgan, 582, 876, 881, 1050; pret. sg. sâ°gde him Ëâ°s le·nes Ëanc, 1810; pret. sg. II. hwâ°t Ëu worn fela … sâ°gdest from his sÃe, 532.–2) without acc inf. swâ we sÃlÃce secgan hËrdon, 273; pret. sg. sâ°gde, 2633, 2900–3) w. depend. clause: pres. sg. ic secge, 591; pl. III. secga, 411; inf. secgan, 51, 391, 943, 1347, 1701, 1819, 2865, 3027; gerund. tà secganne, 473, 1725; pret. sg. sâ°gde, 90, 1176; pl. sâ°gdon, 377, 2188; sÃdan, 1946.
â-secgan (edicere), _to say out, deliver_: inf. wille ic â-secgan suna Healfdenes … mÃn Ãrende, 344.
ge-secgan, _to say, relate_: imper. sg. II. ge-saga, 388; Ëâ°t ic his Ãrest Ëe eft ge-sâ°gde (_that I should, after, tell thee its origin_), 2158; pret. part. gesâ°gd, 141; gesÃd, 1697.
sefa, w. m., _heart, mind, soul, spirit_: nom. sg., 49, 490, 595, 2044, 2181, 2420, 2601, 2633; acc. sg. sefan, 278, 1727, 1843; dat. sg. sefan, 473, 1343, 1738.–Comp. mÃd-sefa.
ge-segen, st. f., _legend, tale_: in comp. eald-ge-segen.
segl, st. n., _sail_: nom. sg., 1907.
segl-râd, st. f., _sail-road_, i.e. sea: dat. sg. on segl-râde, 1430.
segn, st. n., _banner_, vexillum: nom. sg., 2768, 2959; acc. sg. segen, 47, 1022; segn, 2777; dat. sg. under segne, 1205.–Comp. he·fod-segn.
sel, st. n., _hall, palace_. See sâ°l.
seld, st. n., _dwelling, house_: in comp. medu-seld.
ge-selda, w. m., contubernalis, _companion_: acc. sg. geseldan, 1985.
seldan, adv., _seldom_: oft [nÃ] seldan, 2030.
seld-guma, w. m., _house-man, home-stayer(?); common man?, house-carl?_: nom. sg., 249.
sele, st. m. and n., _building consisting of one apartment; apartment, room_: nom. sg., 81, 411; acc. sg. sele, 827, 2353; dat. sg. tà sele, 323, 1641; in (on, tÃ) sele Ëam he·n, 714, 920, 1017, 1985; on sele (_in the den of the dragon_), 3129.–Comp.: be·h-, beÃr-, dryht-, eor-, gest-, gold-, grund-, gË-, he·h-, hring-, hrÃf-, ni-, win-sele.
sele-dre·m, st. m., _hall-glee, joy in the hall_: acc. sg. Ëâra Ëe Ëis lÃf ofgeaf, gesâwon sele-dre·m (referring to the joy of heaven?), 2253.
sele-ful, st. n., _hall-goblet_: acc. sg., 620.
sele-gyst, st. m., _hall-guest, stranger in hall_ or _house_: acc. sg. Ëone sele-gyst, 1546.
sele-rÃdend, pres. part., _hall-ruler, possessor of the hall_: nom. pl., 51; acc. leÃde mÃne sele-rÃdende, 1347.
sele-rest, st. f., _bed in the hall_: acc. sg. sele-reste, 691.
sele-Ëegn, st. m., _retainer, hall-thane, chamberlain_: nom. sg., 1795.
sele-weard, st. m., _hall-ward, guardian of the hall_: acc. sg., 668.
self, sylf, pron., _self_: nom. sg. strong form, self, 1314, 1925 (? selfa); Ëu self, 595; Ëu Ëe self, 954; self cyning (_the king himself, the king too_), 921, 1011; sylf, 1965; in weak form, selfa, 1469; he selfa, 29, 1734; Ëâ°m Ëe him selfa de·h (_that can rely upon, trust to, himself_), 1840; seolfa, 3068; he sylfa, 505; god sylfa, 3055; acc. sg. m. selfne, 1606; hine selfne (_himself_), 962; hyne selfne (_himself_, reflex.), 2876; wi sylfne (_beside_), 1978; gen. sg. m. selfes, 701, 896; his selfes, 1148; on sÃnne sylfes dÃm (_at his own will_), 2148; sylfes, 2224, 2361, 2640, 2711, 2777, 3014; his sylfes, 2014, 2326; fem. hire selfre, 1116; nom. pl. selfe, 419; SË-Dene sylfe, 1997.
ge-sella, w. m., _house-companion, comrade_: in comp. hand-gesella.
sellan, syllan, w. v.: 1) w. acc. of thing, dat. of pers., _to give, deliver; permit, grant, present_: pres. sg. III. sele him on Ãle eoran wynne, 1731; inf. syllan, 2161, 2730; pret. sg. sealde, 72, 673, 1272, 1694, 1752, 2025, 2156, 2183, 2491, 2995; nefne god sylfa sealde Ëam Ëe he wolde hord openian (_unless God himself gave to whom he would to open the hoard_), 3056; pret. sg. II. sealdest, 1483.–2) _to give, give up_ (only w. acc. of thing): Ãr he feorh sele (_he prefers to give up his life_), 1371; nallas on gylp sele fâ°tte be·gas (_giveth out gold-wrought rings_, etc.), 1750; pret. sg. sinc-fato sealde, 623; pl. byrelas sealdon wÃn of wunder-fatum, 1162.
ge-sellan, w. acc. and dat. of pers., _to give, deliver; grant, present_: inf. ge-sellan, 1030; pret. sg. ge-sealde, 616, 1053, 1867, 1902, 2143, etc.
sel-lÃc, syl-lÃc (from seld-lÃc), adj., _strange, wondrous_: nom. sg. glÃf … syllÃc, 2087; acc. sg. n. syllÃc spell, 2110; acc. pl. sellÃce sÃ-dracan, 1427. Compar. acc. sg. syllÃcran wiht (the dragon), 3039.
semninga, adv., _straightway, at once_ 645, 1641, 1768.
sendan, w. v. w. acc. of thing and dat. of pers., _to send_: pret. sg. Ëone god sende folce tà frÃfre (_whom God sent as a comfort to the people_), 13; so, 471, 1843.
for-sendan, _to send away, drive off_ pret. part. he wear on feÃnda geweald … snËde for-sended, 905.
on-sendan, _to send forth, away_, w. acc. of thing and dat. of pers.: imper. sg. on-send, 452, 1484; pret. sg. on-sende, 382; pl. Ëe hine … for on-sendon Ãnne ofer Ëe (_who sent him forth alone over the sea_), 45; pret. part. bealo-cwealm hafa fela feorh-cynna feorr on-sended, 2267.
sendan (cf. Gl. Aldhelm, sanda = ferculorum, epularum, in Haupt IX. 444), w. v., _to feast, banquet_: pres. sg. III. sende, 601.–Leo.
serce, syrce, w. f., _sark, shirt of mail_: nom. sg. syrce, 1112; nom. pl. syrcan, 226; acc. pl. grÃge syrcan, 334.–Comp.: beadu-, heoro-serce; here-, leoo-, lÃc-syrce.
sess, st. m., _seat, place for sitting_: dat. sg. sesse, 2718; Ëâ he bà sesse geÃng (_by the seat_, i.e. before the dragon’s lair), 2757.
setl, st. n., _seat, settle_: acc. sg., 2014; dat. sg. setle, 1233, 1783, 2020; gen. sg. setles, 1787; dat. pl. setlum, 1290.–Comp.: he·h-, hilde-, meodu-setl.
settan, w. v., _to set_: pret. sg. setton sÃ-mÃe sÃde scyldas … wi Ëâ°s recedes weall (_the sea-wearied ones set their broad shields against the wall of the hall_), 325; so, 1243.
â-settan, _to set, place, appoint_: pret. pl. hie him â-setton segen [gyl]-denne he·h ofer he·fod, 47; pret. part. hâ°fde kyninga wuldor Grendle tÃ-ge·nes … sele-weard â-seted, 668.
be-settan, _to set with, surround_: pret. sg. (helm) besette swÃn-lÃcum (_set the helm with swine-bodies_), 1454.
ge-settan: 1) _to set, set down_: pret. part. swâ wâ°s …Ëurh rËn-stafas rihte ge-mearcod, ge-seted and ge-sÃd (_thus was … in rune-staves rightly marked, set down and said_), 1697.–2) _to set, ordain, create_: pret. sg. ge-sette … sunnan and mÃnan leÃman tà leÃhte land-bËendum, 94.–3) = componere, _to lay aside, smooth over, appease_: pret. sg. Ëâ°t he mid ËË wÃfe wâ°l-fÃha … dÃl … ge-sette, 2030.
sÃcan, w. v., _to follow after_, hence: 1) _to seek, strive for_, w. acc.: pret. sg. sinc-fâ°t sÃhte _(sought the costly cup_), 2301; ne sÃhte searo-nÃas, 2739; so, 3068. Without acc.: Ëonne his myne sÃhte (_than his wish demanded_), 2573; hord-weard sÃhte georne â°fter grunde (_the hoard-warden sought eagerly along the ground_), 2294.–2) _to look for, come_ or _go some whither, attain something_, w. acc.: pres. sg. III. se Ëe … biorgas sÃce, 2273; subj. Ëe·h Ëe hÃ-stapa holt-wudu sÃce, 1370; imper. sÃc gif Ëu dyrre (_look for her_, i.e. Grendel’s mother, _if thou dare_), 1380; inf. sÃcean, 200, 268, 646, 1598, 1870, 1990, 2514(?), 3103, etc.; sÃcan, 665, 1451; drihten sÃcean (_seek, go to, the Lord_), 187; sÃcean wyn-le·s wÃc (_Grendel was to seek a joyless place_, i.e. Hell), 822; so, sÃcan deÃfla gedrâ°g, 757; sâwle sÃcan (_seek the life, kill_), 802; so, sÃcean sâwle hord, 2423; gerund. sâ°cce tà sÃceanne, 2563; pret. sg. I., III. sÃhte, 139, 208, 376, 417, 2224; II. sÃhtest, 458; pl. sÃhton, 339.–3) _to seek, attack_: Ëe Ës sÃcea tà SweÃna leÃde, 3002; pret. pl. hine wrâ°c-mâ°cgas ofer sà sÃhtan, 2381.
ge-sÃcan: 1) _to seek_, w. acc.: inf. gif he gesÃcean dear wÃg ofer wÃpen, 685.–2) _to look for, come_ or _go to attain_, w. acc.: inf. ge-sÃcean, 693; gerund, tà ge-sÃcanne, 1923; pret. sg. ge-sÃhte, 463, 520, 718, 1952; pret. part. nom. pl. feor-cËe beÃ sÃlran ge-sÃhte Ëam Ëe hine selfa de·h, 1840.–3) _to seek with hostile intent, to attack_: pres. sg. ge-sÃce 2516; pret. sg. ge-sÃhte, 2347; pl. ge-sÃhton, 2927; ge-sÃhtan, 2205.
ofer-sÃcan, w. acc., _to surpass, outdo_ (in an attack): pres. sg. wâ°s sià hond tà strong, se Ëe mÃca gehwane … swenge ofer-sÃhte, Ëonne he tà sâ°cce bâ°r wÃpen wundrum heard (_too strong was the hand, that surpassed every sword in stroke, when he_ [BeÃwulf] _bore the wondrous weapon to battle_, i.e. the hand was too strong for any sword; its strength made it useless in battle), 2687.
sÃl, st. f. See sÃl.
sÃl, sÃl, adj., _good, excellent, fit_, only in compar.: nom. sg. m. sÃlra, 861, 2194; ËÃm ËÃr sÃlra wâ°s (_to the one that was the better_, i.e. Hygelâc), 2200; de· bi sÃlla Ëonne edwÃt-lÃf, 2891; neut. sÃlre, 1385; acc. sg. m. sÃlran Ëe (_a better than thee_), 1851; sÃlran, 1198; neut. Ëâ°t sÃlre, 1760; dat. sg. m. sÃlran sweord-frecan, 1469; nom. pl. fem. sÃlran, 1840. Superl., strong form: nom. sg. neut. sÃlest, 173, 1060; hËsa sÃlest, 146, 285, 936; Ãfost is sÃlest, 256; bolda sÃlest, 2327; acc. sg. neut. hrâ°gla sÃlest, 454; hËsa sÃlest, 659; billa sÃlest, 1145;–weak form: nom. sg. m. reced sÃlesta, 412; acc. sg. m. Ëone sÃlestan, 1407, 2383; (Ëâ°s, MS.), 1957; dat. sg. m. Ëâ°m sÃlestan, 1686; nom. pl. sÃlestan, 416; acc. pl. Ëâ sÃlestan, 3123.
sÃl, compar. adv., _better, fitter, more excellent_, 1013, 2531; ne by him wihte Ëà sÃl (_he shall be nought the better for it_), 2278; so, 2688.
sealma (Frisian selma, in bed-selma), w. m., _bed-chamber, sleeping-place_: acc. sg. on sealman, 2461.
sealt, adj., _salty_: acc. sg. neut. ofer sealt wâ°ter (_the sea_), 1990.
searo (G. sarwa, pl.), st. n.: 1) _armor, accoutrements, war-gear_: nom. pl. sÃ-manna searo, 329; dat. pl. secg on searwum (_a man, warrior, in panoply_), 249, 2701; in (on) searwum, 323, 1558; 2531, 2569; instr. pl. searwum, 1814.–2) _insidiae, ambuscade, waylaying, deception, battle_: Ëâ ic of searwum cwom, fâh from feÃndum, 419.–3) _cunning, art, skill_: instr. pl. sadol searwum fâh (_saddle cunningly ornamented_), 1039; earmbe·ga fela, searwum ge-sÃled (_many cunningly-linked armlets_), 2765.–Comp. fyrd-, gË-, inwit-searo.
searo-bend, st. f., _band, bond, of curious workmanship_: instr. pl. searo-bendum fâ°st, 2087.
searo-fâh, adj., _cunningly inlaid, ornamented, with gold_: nom. sg. here-byrne hondum ge-broden, sÃd and searo-fâh, 1445.
searo-ge-Ërâ°c, st. n., _heap of treasure-objects_: acc. sg., 3103.
searo-gim, st. m., _cunningly set gem, rich jewel_: acc. pl. searo-gimmas, 2750; gen. pl. searo-gimma, 1158.
searo-grim, adj., _cunning and fierce_: nom. sg., 595.
searo-hâ°bbend, pres. part. as subst., _arms-bearing, warrior with his trappings_: gen. pl. searo-hâ°bbendra, 237.
searo-net, st. n., _armor-net, shirt of mail, corselet_: nom. sg., 406.
searo-nÃ, st. m.: 1) _cunning hostility, plot, wiles_: acc. pl. searo-nÃas, 1201, 2739.–2) also, only _hostility, feud, contest_: acc. pl. searo-nÃas, 3068; gen. pl. searo-nÃa, 582.
searo-Ëanc, st. m., _ingenuity_: instr. pl. searo-Ëoncum, 776.
searo-wundor, st. n., _rare wonder_: acc. sg., 921.
seax, st. n., _shortsword, hip-knife; dagger_: instr. sg. seaxe, 1546.–Comp. wâ°l-seax.
seax-ben, st. f., _dagger-wound_: instr. pl. siex-bennum, 2905.
seofon, num., _seven_, 517; seofan, 2196; decl. acc. syfone, 3123.
seomian, w. v.: 1) intrans., _to be tied; lie at rest_: inf. siomian, 2768; pret. sg. seomode, 302.–2) w. acc., _to put in bonds, entrap, catch_: pret. sg. dugue and geogoe seomade (cf. 2086-2092), 161.
seonu, st. f., _sinew_: nom. pl. seonowe, 818.
seÃc, adj., _feeble, weak; fatally ill_: nom. sg. feorh-bennum seÃc (of BeÃwulf, _sick unto death_), 2741; siex-bennum seÃc (of the dead dragon), 2905; nom. pl. mÃdes seÃce (_sick of soul_), 1604.–Comp.: ellen-, feorh-, heao-seÃc.
seÃan, st. v. w. acc., _to seethe, boil_; figuratively, _be excited over, brood_: pret. sg. ic Ëâ°s mÃd-ceare sorh-wylmum se· (_I pined in heart-grief for that_), 1994; so, 190.
seÃlo, st. m.?, _bight, bay_ (cf. Dietrich in Haupt XI. 416): gen. pl. siÃlea bi-gong (_the realm of bights_ = the [surface of the] sea?), 2368.
seÃn, sËn, st. f., _aspect, sight_: in comp. wlite-, wundor-seÃn, an-sËn.
seÃn, st. v., _to see_: a) w. acc.: inf. searo-wunder seÃn, 921; so, 387, 1181, 1276, 3103; ËÃr mâ°g nihta ge-hwÃm nÃ-wundor seÃn (_there may every night be seen a repulsive marvel_), 1366; pret. sg. ne seah ic … heal-sittendra medudre·m mâran, 2015.–b) w. acc. and predicate adj.: ne seah ic elËeÃdige Ëus manige men mÃdiglÃcran, 336.–c) w. prep. or adv.: pret. sg. seah on enta ge-weorc, 2718; seah on un-leÃfe, 2864; pl. folc tà sÃgon (_looked on_), 1423.
ge-seÃn, _to see, behold_: a) w. acc.: pres. sg. III. se Ëe be·h ge-syh, 2042; inf. ge-seÃn, 396, 571, 649, 962, 1079, etc.; pret. sg. geseah, 247, 927, 1558, 1614; pl. ge-sâwon, 1606, 2253.–b) w. acc. and predicate adj., pres. sg. III. ge-syh … on his suna bËre win-sele wÃstne (_sees in his son’s house the wine-hall empty_; or, _hall of friends_?), 2456.–c) w. inf.: pret. sg. ge-seah … beran ofer bolcan beorhte randas (_saw shining shields borne over the gang-plank_), 229; pret. pl. mÃre mâum-sweord monige ge-sâwon beforan beorn beran, 1024.–d) w. acc. and inf.: pret. sg. ge-seah, 729, 1517, 1586, 1663, 2543, 2605, etc.; pl. ge-sâwon, 221, 1348, 1426; ge-sÃgan, 3039; ge-sÃgon, 3129.–e) w. depend, clause: inf. mâ°g Ëonne … geseÃn sunu HrÃles, Ëâ°t ic (_may the son of H. see that I…_), 1486; pret. pl. ge-sâwon, 1592.
geond-seÃn, _to see, look through, over_, w. acc.: pret. sg. (ic) Ëâ°t eall geond-seh, 3088.
ofer-seÃn, _to see clearly, plainly_: pret. pl. ofer-sâwon, 419.
on-seÃn, _to look on, at_, w. acc.: pret. pl. on-sâwon, 1651.
seÃwian, w. v., _to sew, put together, link_: pret. part. searo-net seÃwed smies or-Ëancum (_the corselet woven by the smith’s craft_), 406.
sib, st. f., _peace, friendship, relationship_: nom. sg., 1165, 1858; sibb, 2601; acc. sibbe, 950, 2432, 2923; instr. sg. sibbe (_in peace_?), 154.–Comp.: dryht-, frio-sib.
sib-â°ï£¿eling, st. m., _nobilis consanguineus, kindred prince_ or _nobleman_: nom. pl. -â°ï£¿elingas, 2709.
sibbe-gedryht, st. f., _body of allied_ or _related warriors_: acc. sg. sibbe-gedriht (the Danes), 387; (the Ge·tas), 730.
sian, syan: 1) adv.: a) _since, after, from now on, further_, 142, 149, 283, 567, 1903, 2052, 2065, 2176, 2703, 2807, 2921; seoan, 1876.–b) _then, thereupon, after_, 470, 686, 1454, 1557, 1690, 2208; seoan, 1938; Ãr ne sian (_neither before nor after_), 719.
2) Conj.: a) w. ind. pres., _as soon as, when_, 413, 605, 1785, 2889, 2912.–b) w. ind. pret., _when, whilst_, 835, 851, 1205, 1207, 1421, 1590, 2357, 2961, 2971, 3128; seoan, 1776;–_since_, 649, 657, 983, 1199, 1254, 1309, 2202;–_after_, either with pluperf.: sian him scyppend forscrifen hâ°fde (_after the Creator had proscribed him_), 106; so, 1473; or with pret. = pluperf.: syan niht becom (_after night had come on_), 115; so, 6, 132, 723, 887, 902, 1078, 1149, 1236, 1262, 1282, 1979, 2013, 2125; or pret. and pluperf. together, 2104-2105.
siex. See seax.
sige-dryhten, st. m., _lord of victory, victorious lord_: nom. sg. sige-drihten, 391.
sige-e·dig, adj., _blest with victory, victorious_: acc. sg. neut. sige-e·dig bil, 1558.
sige-folc, st. n., _victorious people, troop_: gen. pl. sige-folca, 645.
sige-hrÃ, st. f., _confidence of victory_(?): acc. sg., 490. See Note.
sige-hrÃig, adj., _victorious_: nom. sg., 94, 1598, 2757.
sige-hwÃl, st. f., _hour_ or _day of victory_: gen. sg. sige-hwÃle, 2711.
sige-le·s, adj., _devoid of victory, defeated_: acc. sg. sige-le·sne sang, 788.
sige-rÃf, adj., _victorious_: nom. sg., 620.
sige-ËeÃd, st. f., _victorious warrior troop_: dat. sg. on sige-ËeÃde, 2205.
sige-wÃpen, st. n., _victor-weapon, sword_: dat. pl. sige-wÃpnum, 805.
sigl, st. n.: 1) _sun_: nom. sg. sigel, 1967.–2) _sun-shaped ornament_: acc. pl. siglu, 3165; sigle (bracteates of a necklace), 1201; gen. pl. sigla, 1158.–Comp. mâum-sigl.
sigor, st. m., _victory_: gen. sg. sigores, 1022; gen. pl. sigora, 2876, 3056.–Comp.: hrÃ-, wÃg-sigor.
sigor-e·dig, adj., _victorious_: nom. sg. sigor-e·dig secg (of BeÃwulf), 1312, 2353.
sin. See syn.
sinc, st. n., _treasure, jewel, property_: nom. sg., 2765; acc. sg. sinc, 81, 1205, 1486, 2384, 2432; instr. sg. since, 1039, 1451, 1616, 1883, 2218, 2747; gen. sg. sinces, 608, 1171, 1923, 2072; gen. pl. sinca, 2429.
sinc-fâh, adj., _treasure-decked_: acc. sg. neut. weak form, sinc-fâge sel, 167.
sinc-fâ°t, st. n., _costly vessel_: acc. sg., 2232, 2301;–_a costly object_: acc. sg., 1201 (i.e. mene); acc. pl. sinc-fato, 623.
sinc-ge-streÃn, st. n., _precious treasure, jewel of value _: instr. pl. -gestreÃnum, 1093; gen. pl. -gestreÃna, 1227.
sinc-gifa, w. m., _jewel-giver, treasure-giver = prince, ruler_: acc. sg. sinc-gyfan, 1013; dat. sg. sinc-gifan (of BeÃwulf), 2312; (of Æschere), 1343.
sinc-mâum, st. m., _treasure_: nom. sg., 2194.
sinc-Ëego, f., _acceptance, taking, of jewels_: nom. sg., 2885.
sin-dolh, st. n., _perpetual_, i.e. incurable, _wound_: nom. sg. syn-dolh, 818.
sin-fre·, w. m., _wedded lord, husband_: nom. sg., 1935.
sin-gal, adj., _continual, lasting_: acc. sg. fem, sin-gale sâ°ce, 154.
sin-gales, adv. gen. sg., _continually, ever_, 1778; syngales, 1136.
singala, adv. gen. pl., the same, 190.
singan, st. v., _to sound, ring, sing_: pret. sg. hring-Ãren scÃr song in searwum (_the ringed iron rang in the armor_), 323; horn stundum song fËs-lÃc f[yrd]-leÃ (_at times the horn rang forth a ready battle-song_), 1424; scÃp hwÃlum sang (_the singer sang at whiles_), 496.
â-singan, _to sing out, sing to an end_: pret. part. leÃ wâ°s â-sungen, 1160.
sin-here, st. m., (_army without end_?), _strong army, host_: instr. sg. sin-herge, 2937.
sin-niht, st. f., _perpetual night, night after night_: acc. pl. sin-nihte (_night after night_), 161.
sin-sceaa, w. m., _irreconcilable foe_: nom. sg. syn-scaa, 708; acc. sg. syn-scaan, 802.
sin-snÃd, st. f., (_continuous biting_) _bite after bite_: dat. pl. syn-snÃdum swealh (_swallowed bite after bite, in great bites_), 744.
sittan, st. v.: 1) _to sit_: pres. sg. WÃglâf site ofer BiÃwulfe, 2907; imper. sg. site nu tà symle, 489; inf. ËÃr swÃ-ferhe sittan eodon (_whither the strong-minded went and sat_), 493; eode … tà hire fre·n sittan (_went to sit by her lord_), 642; pret. sg. on wicge sâ°t (_sat on the horse_), 286; â°t fÃtum sâ°t (_sat at the feet_), 500, 1167; ËÃr HrÃgâr sâ°t (_where H. sat_), 356; so, 1191, 2895; he gewÃrgad sâ°t … fre·n eaxlum ne·h, 2854; pret. pl. sÃton, 1165; gistas sÃtan (MS. sÃcan) … and on mere staredon (_the strangers sat and stared on the sea_), 1603.–2) _to be in a certain state_ or _condition_ (_quasi_ copula): pret. sg. mÃre ËeÃden … unblÃe sâ°t, 130.–Comp.: flet-, heal-sittend.
be-sittan, obsidere, _to surround, besiege_, w. acc.: besâ°t Ëâ sin-herge sweorda lâfe wundum wÃrge (_then besieged he with a host the leavings of the sword, wound-weary_), 2937.
for-sittan, obstrui, _to pass away, fail_: pres. sg. e·gena bearhtm for-site (_the light of the eyes passeth away_), 1768.
ge-sittan: 1) _to sit, sit together_: pret. sg. monig-oft ge-sâ°t rÃce to rËne (_very often sat the king deliberating with his council_ (see rÃce), 171; wi earm ge-sâ°t (_supported himself upon his arm, sat on his arm_?), 750; fÃa eal ge-sâ°t (_the whole troop sat down_), 1425; ge-sâ°t Ëâ wi sylfne (_sat there beside, near to, him_, i.e. Hygelâc), 1978;
ge-sâ°t Ëâ on nâ°sse, 2418; so, 2718; pret. part. (syan) … we tà symble ge-seten hâ°fdon, 2105.–2) w. acc., _to seat one’s self upon_ or _in something, to board_: pret. sg. Ëâ ic … sÃ-bât ge-sâ°t, 634.
of-sittan, w. acc., _to sit over_ or _upon_: pret. sg. of-sâ°t Ëâ Ëone sele-gyst, 1546.
ofer-sittan, w. acc., _to dispense with, refrain from_ (cf. ofer, 2 [c]): pres. sg. I. Ëâ°t ic wi Ëone gË-flogan gylp ofer-sitte, 2529; inf. secge ofer-sittan, 685.
on-sittan (O.H.G. int-sizzan, _to start from one’s seat, to be startled_), w. acc., _to fear_: inf. Ëâ fÃhe, atole ecg-Ërâ°ce eÃwer leÃde sÃwe onsittan _to dread the hostility, the fierce contest, of your people_, 598.
ymb-sittan, _to sit around_, w. acc.: pret. pl. (Ëâ°t hie) … symbel ymb-sÃton (_sat round the feast_), 564. See ymb-sittend.
sÃd, adj.: 1) _wide, broad, spacious, large_: nom. sg. (here-byrne, glÃf) sÃd, 1445, 2087; acc. sg. m. sÃdne scyld, 437; on sÃdne sÃ, 507; fem. byrnan sÃde (of a corselet extending over the legs), 1292; ofer sà sÃde, 2395; neut. sÃde rÃce, 1734, 2200; instr. sg. sÃdan herge, 2348; acc. pl. sÃde sÃ-nâ°ssas, 223; sÃde scyldas, 325; gen. pl. sÃdra sorga (_of great sorrows_), 149.–2) in moral sense, _great, noble_: acc. sg. Ëurh sÃdne sefan, 1727.
side, adv., _far and wide, afar_, 1224.
sÃd-fâ°ï£¿me, adj., _broad-bosomed_: acc. sg. sÃd-fâ°ï£¿me scip, 1918.
sÃd-fâ°ï£¿med, _quasi_ pret. part., the same: nom. sg. sÃd-fâ°ï£¿med scip, 302.
sÃd-rand, st. m., _broad shield_: nom. sg., 1290.
sÃ (G. seËu-s), adj., _late_: superl. nom. sg. sÃast sige-hwÃle (_the last hour, day, of victory_), 2711; dat. sg. â°t sÃestan (_in the end, at last_), 3014.
sÃ, adv. compar., _later_: Ãr and sÃ (_sooner and later, early and late_), 2501.
sÃ (G. sinË-s), st. m.: l) _road, way, journey, expedition_; esp., _road to battle_: nom. sg., 501, 3059, 3090; nâ°s Ëâ°t Ãe sÃ (_that was no easy road, task_), 2587; so, Ëâ°t wâ°s geÃcor sÃ, 766; acc. sg. sÃ, 353, 512, 909, 1279, 1430, 1967; instr. dat. sÃe, 532, 1952, 1994; gen. sg. sÃes, 579, 1476, 1795, 1909. Also, _return_: nom. sg., 1972.–2) _undertaking, enterprise_; esp., _battle-work_: nom. sg. nis Ëâ°t eÃwer sÃ, 2533; ne bi swylc earges sÃ (_such is no coward’s enterprise_), 2542; acc. sg. sÃ, 873. In pl.= _adventures_: nom. sÃas, 1987; acc. sÃas, 878; gen. sÃa, 318.–3) time (as iterative): nom. sg. nâ°s Ëâ°t forma sÃ (_that was not the first time_), 717, 1464; so, 1528, 2626; acc. sg. oftor micle Ëonne on Ãnne sÃ, 1580; instr. sg. (forman, Ãre, Ëriddan) sÃe, 741, 1204, 2050, 2287, 2512, 2518, 2671, 2689, 3102.–Comp.: cear-, eft-, ellor-, gryre-, sÃ-, wil-, wrÃc-sÃ.
ge-sÃ, st. m., _comrade, follower_: gen. sg. ge-sÃes, 1298; nom. pl. ge-sÃas, 29; acc. pl. ge-sÃas, 2041, 2519; dat. pl. ge-sÃum, 1314, 1925, 2633; gen. pl. ge-sÃa, 1935.–Comp.: eald-, wil-gesÃ.
sÃ-fâ°t, st. m., _way, journey_: acc. sg. Ëone sÃ-fâ°t, 202; dat. sg. sÃ-fate, 2640.
sÃ-fram, -from, adj., _ready for the journey_: nom. pl. sÃ-frome, 1814.
sÃian, w. v., _to journey, march_: inf., 721, 809; pret. sg. sÃode, 2120.
for-sÃian, _iter fatale inire_ (Grein): pret. sg. hâ°fde Ëâ for-sÃod sunu Ecg-ËeÃwes under gynne grund _(would have found his death_, etc.), 1551.
sÃe, sË. See wesan.
sÃgan, st. v., _to descend, sink, incline_: pret. pl. sigon â°t-somne (_descended together_), 307; sigon Ëâ tà slÃpe _(they sank to sleep_), 1252.
ge-sÃgan, _to sink, fall_: inf. ge-sÃgan â°t sâ°cce (_fall in battle_), 2660.
sÃn, poss. pron., _his_: acc. sg. m. sÃnne, 1961, 1985, 2284, 2790; dat. sg. sÃnum, 1508.
slÃp, st. m., _sleep_: nom. sg., 1743; dat. sg. tà slÃpe, 1252.
slÃpan, st. v., _to sleep_: pres. part. nom. sg. slÃpende, 2220; acc. sg. he gefÃng … slÃpendne rinc (_seized a sleeping warrior]_, 742; acc. pl. slÃpende frâ°t folces Denigea fÃftyne men _(devoured, sleeping, fifteen of the people of the Danes_), 1582.
sleac, adj., _slack, lazy_: nom. sg., 2188.
sleahan, sle·n: 1) _to strike, strike at_: a) intrans.: pres. subj. sg. Ëâ°t he me onge·n sle· (_that he should strike at me_), 682; pret. sg. yrringa slÃh (_struck angrily_), 1566; so, slÃh hilde-bille, 2680. b) trans.: pret. sg. Ëâ°t he Ëone nÃ-gâ°st nioor hwÃne slÃh _(that he struck the dragon somewhat lower_, etc.), 2700.–2) w. acc.: _to slay, kill_: pret. sg. Ëâ°s Ëe he Abel slÃg (_because he slew A._), 108; so, slÃg, 421, 2180; slÃh, 1582, 2356; pl. slÃgon, 2051; pret. part. Ëâ wâ°s Fin slâ°gen, 1153.
ge-sle·n, w. acc.: 1) _to fight a battle_: pret. sg. ge-slÃh ËÃn fâ°der fÃhe mÃste, 459.–2) _to gain by fighting_: syan hie Ëâ mÃra ge-slÃgon, 2997.
of-sle·n, _to ofslay, kill_, w. acc.: pret. sg. of-slÃh, 574, 1666, 3061.
slÃe (G. sleiË-s), adj., _savage, fierce, dangerous_: acc. sg. Ëurh slÃne nÃ, 184; gen. pl. slÃra ge-slyhta, 2399.
slÃen, adj., _furious, savage, deadly_ nom. sg. sweord-bealo slÃen, 1148.
slÃtan, st. v., _to slit, tear to pieces_, w. acc.: pret. sg. slât (slÃpendne rinc), 742.
slyht, st. m., _blow_: in comp. and-slyht.
ge-slyht, st. n. (collective), _battle, conflict_: gen. pl. slÃra ge-slyhta, 2399.
smi, st. m., _smith, armorer_: nom. sg. wÃpna smi, 1453; gen. sg. smies, 406.–Comp. wundor-smi.
be-smiian, w. v., _to surround with iron-work, bands_, etc.: pret. part. he (the hall Heorot) Ëâ°s fâ°ste wâ°s innan and Ëtan Ãren-bendum searo-Ëoncum besmiod (i.e. the beams out of which the hall was built were held together skilfully, within and without, by iron clamps), 776.
snell, adj., _fresh, vigorous, lively; of martial temper_: nom. sg. se snella, 2972.
snellÃc, adj., the same: nom. sg., 691.
snotor, snottor, adj., _clever, wise, intelligent_: nom. sg. snotor, 190, 827, 909, 1385; in weak form, (se) snottra, 1314, 1476, 1787; snotra, 2157, 3121; nom. pl. snotere, 202, 416; snottre, 1592.–Comp. fore-snotor.
snotor-lÃce, adv., _intelligently, wisely_: compar. snotor-lÃcor, 1483.
snËde, adv., _hastily, quickly, soon_, 905, 1870, 1972, 2326, 2569, 2753.
be-snyian, w. v., _to rob, deprive of_: pret. sg. Ëâ°tte OngenËià ealdre be-snyede HÃcyn, 2925.
snyrian, w. v., _to hasten, hurry_: pret. pl. snyredon â°t-somne (_hurried forward together_), 402.
snyttru, f., _intelligence, wisdom_: acc. sg. snyttru, 1727; dat. pl. mid mÃdes snyttrum, 1707; Ëe we ealle Ãr ne meahton snyttrum be-syrwan (_a deed which all of us together could not accomplish before with all our wisdom_), 943. Adv., _wisely_, 873.
somne. See samne.
sorgian, w. v.: 1) _to be grieved, sorrow_: imper. sg. II. ne sorga! 1385.–2) _to care for, trouble one’s self about_: inf. nà Ëu ymb mÃnes ne Ëearft lÃces feorme leng sorgian (_thou needst not care longer about my life’s [body’s] sustenance_), 451.
sorh, st. f., _grief, pain, sorrow_: nom. sg., 1323; sorh is me tà secganne (_pains me to say_), 473; acc. sg. sorge, 119, 2464; dat. instr. sg. mid ËÃre sorge, 2469; sorge (_in sorrow, grieved_), 1150; gen. sg. worna fela … sorge, 2005; dat. pl. sorgum, 2601; gen. pl. sorga, 149.–Comp.: hyge-, inwit-, Ëegn-sorh.
sorh-cearig, adj., _curis sollicitus, heart-broken_: nom. sg., 2456.
sorh-ful, adj., _sorrowful, troublesome, difficult_: nom. sg., 2120; acc. sg. sorh-fullne (sorh-fulne) sÃ, 512, 1279, 1430.
sorh-le·s, adj., _free from sorrow_ or _grief_: nom. sg., 1673.
sorh-leo, st. n., _dirge, song of sorrow_: acc. sg., 2461.
sorh-wylm, st. m., _wave of sorrow_ nom. pl. sorh-wylmas, 905.
sÃcn, st. f., _persecution, hostile pursuit_ or _attack_ (see sÃcan): dat, (instr.) ËÃre sÃcne (by reason of Grendel’s persecution), 1778.
sÃ, st. n., _sooth, truth_:: acc. sg. sÃ, 532, 701, 1050, 1701, 2865; dat. sg. tà sÃe (_in truth_), 51, 591, 2326.
sÃ, adj., _true, genuine_: nom. sg, Ëâ°t is sÃ metod, 1612; acc. sg. n. gyd âwrâ°c sÃ and sâr-lÃc, 2110.
sÃe, adv., _truly, correctly, accurately_, 524; sÃe gebunden (of alliterative verse: _accurately put together_), 872.
sÃ-cyning, st. m., _true king_: nom. sg. sigora sÃ-cyning (_God_), 3056.
sÃ-fâ°st, adj., _soothfast, established in truth, orthodox_ (here used of the Christian martyrs): gen. pl. sÃ-fâ°stra dÃm (_glory, realm, of the saints_), 2821.
sÃ-lÃce, adv., _in truth, truly, truthfully_, 141, 273, 2900.
sÃfte, adv., _gently, softly_: compar. ËË sÃft (_the more easily_), 2750.–Comp. un-sÃfte.
sÃna, adv., _soon, immediately_, 121, 722, 744, 751, 1281, 1498, 1592, 1619, 1763, etc.
on-spannan, st. v., _to un-span, unloose_: pret. sg. his helm on-speÃn (_loosed his helm_), 2724.
spel, st. n., _narrative, speech_: acc. sg. spell, 2110; acc. pl. spel, 874; gen. pl. spella, 2899, 3030.–Comp. we·-spel.
spÃd, st. f.: 1) _luck, success_: in comp. here-, wÃg-spÃd.–2) _skill, facility_: acc. sg. on spÃd (_skilfully_), 874.
spÃwan, st. v., _to spit, spew_, w. instr.: inf. glÃdum spÃwan (_spit fire_), 2313
spor, st. n., _spur_: in comp. hand-spor.
spÃwan, st. v., _to speed well, help, avail_: pret. sg. him wiht ne speÃw (_availed him naught_), 2855; hË him â°t Ãte speÃw (_how he sped in the eating_), 3027.
sprÃc, st. f., _speech, language_: instr. sg. frÃcnan sprÃce (_through bold, challenging, discourse_), 1105.–Comp.: Ãfen-, gylp-sprÃc.
sprecan, st. v., _to speak_: inf. ic sceal for sprecan gen ymbe Grendel _(I shall go on speaking about G._), 2070; w. acc. se Ëe wyle sÃ sprecan (_he who will speak the truth_), 2865; imper. tà Ge·tum sprec (sprÃc, MS.), 1172; pret. sg. III. sprâ°c, 1169, 1699, 2511, 2725; word â°fter sprâ°c, 341; nà ymbe Ëâ fÃhe sprâ°c, 2619; II. hwâ°t Ëu worn fela … ymb Brecan sprÃce (_how much thou hast spoken of Breca!_), 531; pl. hwâ°t wit geà sprÃcon (_what we two spoke of before_), 1477; gomele ymb gÃdne on-geador sprÃcon, Ëâ°t big … _(the graybeards spoke together about the valiant one, that they …_), 1596; swâ wit furum sprÃcon (_as we two spoke, engaged, before_), 1708; pret. part. Ëâ wâ°s … Ëry-word sprecen, 644.
ge-sprecan, w. acc., _to speak_: pret. sg. ge-sprâ°c, 676, 1399, 1467, 3095.
spreÃt, st. m., _pole; spear, pike_: in comp. eofor-spreÃt.
springan, st. v., _to jump, leap; flash_: pret. sg. hrâ wÃde sprong _(the body bounded far_), 1589; swât Ãdrum sprong for under fexe (_the blood burst out in streams from under his hair_), 2967; pl. wÃde sprungon hilde-leÃman (_flashed afar_), 2583. Also figuratively: blÃd wÃde sprang (_his repute spread afar_), 18.
ge-springan, _to spring forth_: pret. sg. swâ Ëâ°t blÃd ge-sprang (_as the blood burst forth_), 1668. Figuratively, _to arise, originate_: pret. sg. Sigemunde gesprong â°fter de·-dâ°ge dÃm un-lytel, 885.
on-springan, _to burst in two, spring asunder_: pret. pl. seonowe onsprungon, burston bânlocan 818.
standan, st. v.: 1) absolutely or with prep., _to stand_: pres. III. pl. eÃred-geatwe Ëe ge ËÃr on standa (_the warlike accoutrements wherein ye there stand_), 2867; inf. ge-seah … orcas stondan (_saw vessels standing_), 2761; pret. sg. â°t hËe stÃd hringed-stefna (_in the harbor stood the curved-prowed?, metal-covered?, ship_), 32; stÃd on stapole (_stood near the [middle] column_), 927; so, 1914, 2546; Ëâ°t him on aldre stÃd here-strÃl hearda (_that the sharp war-arrow stood in his vitals_), 1435; so, 2680; pl. gâras stÃdon … samod â°t-gâ°dere (_the spears stood together_), 328; him big stÃdan bunan and orcas (_by him stood cans and pots_), 3048. Also of still water: pres. sg. III. nis Ëâ°t feor heonon … Ëâ°t se mere stande, 1363.–2) with predicate adj., _to stand, continue in a certain state_: subj. pres. Ëâ°t Ëes sele stande … rinca ge-hwylcum Ãdel and unnyt (_that this hall stands empty and useless for every warrior_), 411; inf. hord-wynne fand eald uht-sceaa opene standan, 2272; pret. sg. Ã Ëâ°t Ãdel stÃd hËsa sÃlest, 145; so, 936; wâ°ter under stÃd dreÃrig and ge-drÃfed, 1418–3) _to belong_ or _attach to; issue_: pret. sg. Nor-Denum stÃd atelÃc egesa (_great terror clung to, overcame, the North Danes_), 784; Ëâra ânum stÃd sadol searwum fâh (_on one of the steeds lay an ingeniously-inlaid saddle_), 1038; byrne-leÃma eldum on andan (_burning light stood forth, a horror to men_), 2314; leÃht inne stÃd (_a light stood in it_, i.e. the sword), 1571; him of e·gum stÃd … leÃht unfâ°ger (_an uncanny light issued from his eyes_), 727; so, Ëâ°t [fram] Ëam gyste [gryre-] brÃga stÃd, 2229.
â-standan, _to stand up, arise_: pret. sg. â-stÃd, 760, 1557, 2093.
â°t-standan, _to stand at, near_, or _in_: pret. sg. Ëâ°t hit (i.e. Ëâ°t swurd) on wealle â°t-stÃd, 892.
for-standan, _to stand against_ or _before_, hence: 1) _to hinder, prevent_: pret. sg. (breÃst-net) wi ord and wi ecge in-gang for-stÃd (_the shirt of mail prevented point or edge from entering_), 1550; subj. nefne him witig god wyrd for-stÃde (_if the wise God had not warded off such a fate from them_, i.e. the men threatened by Grendel), 1057.–2) _defend_, w. dat. of person against whom: inf. Ëâ°t he … mihte he·o-lÃendum hord for-standan, bearn and brËde (_that he might protect his treasure, his children, and his spouse from the sea-farers_), 2956.
ge-standan, intrans., _to stand_: pret. sg. ge-stÃd, 358, 404, 2567; pl. nealles him on he·pe hand-gesteallan … ymbe gestÃdon (_not at all did his boon-companions stand serried around him_), 2597.
stapa, w. m., _stepper, strider_: in comp. hÃ-, mearc-stapa.
stapan, st. v., _to step, stride, go forward_: pret. sg. eorl furur stÃp, 762; gum-fÃa stop lind-hâ°bbendra (_the troop of shield-warriors strode on_), 1402.
â°t-stapan, _to stride up_ or _to_: pret. sg. for ne·r â°t-stÃp (_strode up nearer_), 746.
ge-stapan, _to walk, stride_: pret. sg. he to for gestÃp dyrnan crâ°fte, dracan he·fde ne·h (_he_, i.e. the man that robbed the dragon of the vessel, _had through hidden craft come too near the dragon’s head_), 2290.
stapol, st. m., (=[Greek: b·sis]), _trunk of a tree_; hence, _support, pillar, column_: dat. sg. stÃd on stapole (_stood by_ or _near the wooden middle column of Heorot_), 927; instr. pl. Ëâ stân-bogan stapulum fâ°ste (_the arches of stone upheld by pillars_), 2719. See Note.
starian, w. v., _to stare, look intently at_: pres. sg. I. Ëâ°t ic on Ëone hafelan … e·gum starige (_that I see the head with my eyes_), 1782; Ëâra frâ°twa … Ëe ic her on starie (_for the treasures … that I here look upon_), 2797; III. Ëonne he on Ëâ°t sine stara, 1486; sg. for pl. Ëâra Ëe on swylc stara, 997; pret. sg. Ëâ°t (sin-fre·) hire an dâ°ges e·gum starede, 1936; pl. on mere staredon, 1604.
stân, st. m., 1) _stone_: in comp. eorclan-stân.–2) _rock_: acc. sg. under (ofer) hârne stân, 888, 1416, 2554, 2745; dat. sg. stâne, 2289, 2558.
stân-beorh, st. m., _rocky elevation, stony mountain_: acc. sg. stân-beorh ste·pne, 2214.
stân-boga, w. m., _stone arch, arch hewn out of the rock_: dat. sg. stân-bogan, 2546; nom. pl. stân-bogan, 2719.
stân-clif, st. n., _rocky cliff_: acc. pl. stân-cleofu, 2541.
stân-fâh, adj., _stone-laid, paved with stones of different colors_: nom. sg. strÃt wâ°s stân-fâh (_the street was of different colored stones_), 320.
stân-hli, st. n., _rocky slope_: acc. pl. stân-hlio, 1410.
stâ°f, st. m.: 1) _staff_: in comp. rËn-staf.–2) _elementum_: in comp. âr-, ende-, fâcen-stâ°f.
stâ°l, st. m., _place, stead_: dat. sg. Ëâ°t Ëu me â wÃre for-gewitenum on fâ°der stâ°le (_that thou, if I died, wouldst represent a father’s place to me_), 1480.
stÃlan, w. v., _to place; allure_ or _instigate_: inf. Ëâ ic on morgne ge-frâ°gn mÃg Ãerne billes ecgum on bonan stÃlan _(then I learned that on the morrow one brother instigated the other to murder with the sword’s edge_; or, _one avenged the other on the murderer_?, cf. 2962 seqq.), 2486.
ge-stÃlan, _to place, impose, institute_: pret. part. ge feor hafa fÃhe ge-stÃled (_Grendel’s mother has further begun hostilities against us_), 1341.
stede, st. m., _place, -stead_: in comp. bÃl-, burh-, folc-, he·h-, meel-, wang-, wÃc-stede.
stefn, st. f., _voice_: nom. sg., 2553; instr. sg. niwan (niÃwan) stefne (properly novâ voce) = denuo, _anew, again_, 2595, 1790.
stefn, st. m., _prow of a ship_: acc. sg., 213; see bunden-, hringed-, wunden-stefna.
on-stellan, w. v., _constituere, to cause, bring about_: pret. sg. se Ëâ°s or-leges Ãr on-stealde, 2408.
steng, st. m., _pole, pike_: in comp wâ°l-steng.
ge-steppan, w. v., _to stride, go_: pret. sg. folce ge-stepte ofer sà sÃde sunu âhtheres (_O.’s son_, i.e. E·dgils, _went with warriors over the broad sea_), 2394.
stede (O.H.G. stâti, M.H.G. stÃte), adj., _firm, steady_: nom. sg. wâ°s stÃde nâ°gla ge-hwylc stËle ge-lÃcost (_each nail-place was firm as steel_), 986.
stÃpan, w. v. w. acc., _to exalt, honor_: pret. sg. Ëe·h Ëe hine mihtig god … eafeum stÃpte, 1718.
ge-steald, st. n., _possessions, property_: in comp. in-gesteald, 1156.
ge-stealla, w. m., (contubernalis), _companion, comrade_: in comp. eaxl-, fyrd-, hand-, lind-, nËd-ge-stealla.
stearc-heort, adj., (fortis animo), _stout-hearted, courageous_: nom. sg. (of the dragon), 2289; (of BeÃwulf), 2553.
ste·p, adj., _steep, projecting, towering_: acc. sg. ste·pne hrÃf, 927; stân-beorh ste·pne, 2214; wi ste·pne rond, 2567; acc. pl. m. beorgas ste·pe, 222; neut. ste·p stân-hlio, 1410.–Comp. heao-ste·p.
stille, adj., _still, quiet_: nom. sg. wÃd-floga wundum stille, 2831.
stille, adv., _quietly_, 301.
stincan, st. v., _to smell; snuff_: pret. sg. stonc Ëâ â°fter stâne (_snuffed along the stone_), 2289.
stÃ, adj., _hard, stiff_: nom. sg. wunden-mÃl (swurd) … stÃ and stËlecg, 1534.
stÃ-mÃd, adj., _stout-hearted, unflinching_: nom. sg., 2567.
stÃg, st. m., _way, path_: nom. sg., 320, 2214; acc. pl. stÃge nearwe, 1410–Comp. medu-stÃg.
stÃgan, st. v., _to go, ascend_: pret. sg. Ëâ he tà holme [st]âg (_when he plunged forward into the sea_), 2363; pl. beornas … on stefn stigon, 212; Wedera leÃde on wang stigon, 225; subj. pret. Ãr he on bed stige, 677.
â-stÃgan, _to ascend_: pres. sg. Ëonon Ë-geblond up â-stÃge won tà wolcnum, 1374; gË-rinc â-stâh (_the fierce hero ascended_, i.e. was laid on the pyre? or, _the fierce smoke_ [rÃc] _ascended?_), 1119; gamen eft â-stâh (_joy again went up, resounded_), 1161; wudu-rÃc â-stâh sweart of swioole, 3145; swÃg up â-stâg, 783.
ge-stÃgan, _to ascend, go up_: pret. sg. Ëâ ic on holm ge-stâh, 633.
storm, st. m., _storm_: nom. sg. strÃla storm (_storm of missiles_), 3118; instr. sg. holm storme weÃl (_the sea billowed stormily_), 1132.
stÃl, st. m., _chair, throne, seat_: in comp. brego-, Ãel-, gif-, gum-stÃl.
stÃw, st. f., _place, -stow_: nom. sg. nis Ëâ°t heÃru stÃw (_a haunted spot_), 1373; acc. sg. frÃcne stÃwe, 1379; grund-bËendra gearwe stÃwe _(the place prepared for men_, i.e. death-bed; see gesacan and ge-nËdan), 1007: comp. wâ°l-stow.
strang, strong, adj., _strong; valiant; mighty_: nom. sg. wâ°s Ëâ°t ge-win tà strang (_that sorrow was too great_), 133; Ëu eart mâ°genes strang (_strong of body_), 1845; wâ°s sià hond tà strong (_the hand was too powerful_), 2685; superl. wÃgena strengest (_strongest of warriors_), 1544; mâ°genes strengest (_strongest in might_), 196; mâ°gene strengest, 790.
strâdan? (cf. strÃde = passus, gressus), _to tread_, (be)-_stride, stride over_ (Grein): subj. pres. se Ëone wong strâde, 3074. See Note.
strÃl, st. m., _arrow, missile_: instr. sg. biteran strÃle, 1747; gen. pl. strÃla storm, 3118.
strÃt, st. f., _street, highway_: nom. sg., 320; acc. sg. strÃte, 1635; fealwe strÃte, 917.–Comp.: lagu-, mere-strÃt.
strengel, st. m., (_endowed with strength_), _ruler, chief_: acc. sg. wÃgena strengel, 3116.
strengo, st. f., _strength, power, violence_: acc. sg. mâ°genes strenge, 1271; dat. sg. strenge, 1534; strengo, 2541;–dat. pl. strengum = _violently, powerfully_ [_loosed from the strings_?], 3118: in comp. hilde-, mâ°gen-, mere-strengo.
strÃgan (O.S. strÃwian), w. v., _to strew, spread_: pret. part, wâ°s Ëâ°m yldestan … mororbed strÃd (_the death-bed was spread for the eldest one_), 2437.
stre·m, st. m., _stream, flood, sea_: acc. sg. stre·m, 2546; nom. pl. stre·mas, 212; acc. pl. stre·mas, 1262: comp. brim-, e·gor-, firgen-, lagu-stre·m.
ge-streÃn (cf. streÃn = robur, vis), st. n., _property, possessions_; hence, _valuables, treasure, jewels_: nom. pl. Heao-beardna ge-streÃn (_the costly treasure of the Heathobeardas_, i.e. the accoutrements belonging to the slain H.), 2038; acc. pl. â°ï£¿elinga, eorla ge-streÃn, 1921, 3168.–Comp.: Ãr-, eald-, eorl-, he·h-, hord-, long-, mâm-, sinc-, ËeÃd-ge-streÃn.
strËdan, st. v., _to plunder, carry off_: subj. pres. nâ°s Ëâ on hlytme hwâ Ëâ°t hord strude, 3127.
ge-strËnan, w. v. w. acc., _to acquire, gain_: inf. Ëâ°s Ëe (_because_) ic mÃste mÃnum leÃdum … swylc ge-strËnan, 2799.
stund, st. f., _time, space of time, while_: adv. dat. pl. stundum (_at times_), 1424.
styrian, w. v. w. acc.: 1) _to arrange, put in order, tell_: inf. secg eft on-gan sÃ BeÃwulfes snyttrum styrian (_the poet then began to tell B.’s feat skilfully_, i.e. put in poetic form), 873.–2) _to rouse, stir up_: pres. sg. III. Ëonne wind styre lâ ge-widru (_when the wind stirreth up the loathly weather_), 1375.–3) _to move against, attack, disturb_: subj. pres. Ëâ°t he … hring-sele hondum styrede (_that he should attack the ring-hall with his hands_), 2841.
styrman, w. v., _to rage, cry out_: pret. sg. styrmde, 2553.
stËle, st. n., _steel_: dat. sg. stËle, 986.
stËl-ecg, adj., _steel-edged_: nom. sg., 1534.
be-stËman, w. v., _to inundate, wet, flood_: pret. part. (wÃron) eal benc-Ëelu blÃde be-stËmed, 486.
suhtor-ge-fâ°deran (collective), w. m. pl., _uncle and nephew, father’s brother and brother’s son_: nom. pl., 1165.
sum, pron.: 1) indef., _one, a, any, a certain_; neut. _something_: a) without part. gen.: nom. sg. sum, 1252; hilde-rinc sum, 3125; neut. ne sceal ËÃr dyrne sum wesan (_naught there shall be hidden_), 271; acc. sg. m. sumne, 1433; instr. sg. sume worde (_by a word, expressly_), 2157; nom. pl. sume, 400, 1114; acc. pl. sume, 2941. b) with part. gen.: nom. sg. gumena sum (_one of men, a man_), 1500, 2302; mere-hrâ°gla sum, 1906; Ëâ°t wâ°s wundra sum, 1608; acc. sg. gylp-worda sum, 676. c) with gen. of cardinals or notions of multitude: nom. sg. fÃftena sum (_one of fifteen, with fourteen companions_), 207; so, eahta sum, 3124; fe·ra sum (_one of few, with a few_), 1413; acc. sg. manigra sumne (_one of many, with many_), 2092; manna cynnes sumne (_one of the men_), i.e. one of the watchmen in Heorot), 714; fe·ra sumne (_some few, one of few_; or, _one of the foes_?), 3062.–2) with part. gen. sum sometimes = _this, that, the afore-mentioned_: nom. sg. eÃwer sum (_a certain one, that one, of you_, i.e. BeÃwulf), 248; gË-beorna sum (_the afore-mentioned warrior_, i.e. who had shown the way to HrÃgâr’s palace), 314; eorla sum (_the said knight_, i.e. BeÃwulf), 1313; acc. sg. hord-â°rna sum (_a certain hoard-hall_), 2280.
sund, st. m.: 1) _swimming_: acc. sg. ymb sund, 507; dat. sg. â°t sunde (_in swimming_), 517; on sunde (_a-swimming_), 1619; gen. sg. sundes, 1437.–2) _sea, ocean, sound_: nom. sg., 223; acc. sg. sund, 213, 512, 539, 1427, 1445.
ge-sund, adj., _sound, healthy, unimpaired_: acc. sg. m. ge-sundne, 1629, 1999; nom. pl. ge-sunde, 2076; acc. pl. w. gen. fâ°der alwalda … eÃwic ge-healde sÃa ge-sunde (_the almighty Father keep you safe and sound on your journey!_), 318.–Comp. an-sund.
sund-ge-bland, st. n., (_the commingled sea_), _sea-surge, sea-wave_: acc. sg., 1451.
sund-nyt, st. f., _swimming-power_ or _employment, swimming_: acc. sg. sund-nytte dre·h (_swam through the sea_), 2361.
sundur, sundor, adv., _asunder, in twain_: sundur gedÃlan (_to separate, sunder_), 2423.
sundor-nyt, st. f., _special service_ (service in a special case): acc. sg. sundor-nytte, 668.
sund-wudu, st. m., (_sea-wood_), _ship_: nom. acc. sg. sund-wudu, 208, 1907.
sunne, w. f., _sun_: nom. sg., 607; gen. sg. sunnan, 94, 649.
sunu, st. m., _son_: nom. sg., 524, 591, 646, 981, 1090, 1486, etc.; acc. sg. sunu, 268, 948, 1116, 1176, 1809, 2014, 2120; dat. sg. suna, 344, 1227, 2026, 2161, 2730; gen. sg. suna, 2456, 2613, (1279); nom. pl. suna, 2381.
sË, adv., _south, southward_, 859.
sËan, adv., _from the south_, 607; sigel sËan fËs (_the sun inclined from the south_), 1967.
swarian, w. v., _to sink to rest, grow calm_: brimu swaredon (_the waves became calm_), 570. See swerian.
swau, st. f., _trace, track, pathway_: acc. sg. swae, 2099.–Comp.: swât-, wald-swau.
swaul, st. m.? n.?, _smoke, mist_ (Dietrich in Haupt V. 215): dat. sg. on swaule, 783. See sweool.
swancor, adj., _slender, trim_: acc. pl. Ërià wicg swancor, 2176.
swan-râd, st. f., _swan-road, sea_: acc. sg. ofer swan-râde, 200.
and-swarian, w. v., _to answer_: pret. sg. him se yldesta and-swarode, 258; so, 340.
swâ: 1) demons, adv., _so, in such a manner, thus_: swâ sceal man dÃn, 1173, 1535; swâ Ëâ driht-guman dre·mum lifdon, 99; Ëâ°t ge-â°fndon swâ (_that we thus accomplished_), 538; ËÃr hie meahton (i.e. feorh ealgian), 798; so, 20, 144, 189, 559, 763, 1104, 1472, 1770, 2058, 2145, 2178, 2991; swâ manlÃce _(so like a man_), 1047; swâ fela (_so many_), 164, 592; swâ deÃrlÃce dÃd (_so valiant a deed_), 585; hine swâ gÃdne (_him so good_), 347; on swâ geongum feore (_in so youthful age_), 1844; ge-dÃ him swâ ge-wealdene worolde dÃlas Ëâ°t … (_makes parts of the world so subject to him that_…), 1733. In comparisons = _ever, the_ (adv.): me ËÃn mÃd-sefa lÃca leng swâ wel (_thy mind pleases me ever so well, the longer the better_), 1855. As an asseverative = _so_: swâ me Higelâc sÃe … mÃdes blÃe (_so be Higelac gracious-minded to me!_), 435; swâ Ëe·h (_nevertheless, however_), 973, 1930, 2879; swâ ËÃh, 2968; hwâ°ï£¿re swâ Ëe·h (_yet however_), 2443.–2): a) conj., _as, so as_: Ã Ëâ°t his byre mihte eorlscipe efnan swâ his Ãrfâ°der (_until his son might do noble deeds, as his old father did_), 2623; eft swâ Ãr (_again as before_), 643;–with indic.: swâ he selfa bâ°d (_as he himself requested_), 29; swâ he oft dyde (_as he often did_), 444; gÃ â Wyrd swâ hià sceal, 455; swâ guman gefrungon, 667; so, 273, 352, 401, 561, 1049, 1056, 1059, 1135, 1232, 1235, 1239, 1253, 1382, etc.;–with subj.: swâ ËÃn sefa hwette _(as pleases thy mind_, i.e. any way thou pleasest), 490. b) _as, as then, how_, 1143; swâ hie â wÃron … nËd-gesteallan (_as they were ever comrades in need_), 882; swâ hit diÃpe … be-nemdon ËeÃdnas mÃre (_as, [how?] the mighty princes had deeply cursed it_), 3070; swâ he manna wâ°s wÃgend weorfullost (_as he of men the worthiest warrior was_), 3099. c) _just as, the moment when_: swâ Ëâ°t blÃd gesprang, 1668. d) _so that_: swâ he ne mihte nà (_so that he might not…_), 1509; so, 2185, 2007.–3) = qui, quae, quod, German so: worhte wlite-beorhtne wang swâ wâ°ter bebËge (_wrought the beauteous plain which_ (acc.) _water surrounds_), 93.–4) swâ … swâ = _so … as_, 595, 687-8, 3170; efne swâ … swâ (_even so … as_), 1093-4, 1224, 1284; efne swâ hwylc mâ°ga swâ (_such a woman as, whatsoever woman_), 944; efne swâ hwylcum manna swâ (_even so to each man as_), 3058.
for-swâfan, st. v., _to carry away, sweep off_: pret. sg. ealle Wyrd for-sweÃf mÃne mâgas tà metod-sceafte, 2815.
for-swâpan, st. v., _to sweep off, force_: pret. sg. hie Wyrd forsweÃp on Grendles gryre, 477.
swât, st. m., (_sweat_), _wound-blood_: nom. sg., 2694, 2967; instr. sg. swâte, 1287.–Comp. heao-, hilde-swât.
swât-fâh, adj., _blood-stained_: nom. sg., 1112.
swâtig, adj., _gory_: nom. sg., 1570.
swât-swau, st. f., _blood-trace_: nom. sg., 2947.
be-swÃlan, w. v., _to scorch_: pret. part. wâ°s se lÃg-draca … glÃdum beswÃled, 3042.
swÃs, adj., _intimate, special, dear_: acc. sg. swÃsne Ãel, 520; nom. pl. swÃse ge-sÃas, 29; acc. pl. leÃde swÃse, 1869; swÃse ge-sÃas, 2041; gen. pl. swÃsra ge-sÃa, 1935.
swÃs-lÃce, adv., _pleasantly, in a friendly manner_, 3090.
swebban, w. v., (_to put to sleep_), _to kill_: inf. ic hine sweorde swebban nelle, 680; pres. sg. III. (absolutely) swefe, 601.
â-swebban, _to kill, slay_: pret. part. nom. pl. sweordum â-swefede, 567.
swerian, w. v., _to lessen, diminish_: inf. Ëâ°t Ëâ°t fyr ongan swerian, 2703; pret. sian HeremÃdes hild swerode, 902.
swefan, st. v.: 1) _to sleep_: pres. sg. III. swefe, 1742; inf. swefan, 119, 730, 1673; pret. sg. swâ°f, 1801; pl. swÃfon, 704; swÃfun, 1281.–2) _to sleep the death-sleep, die_: pres. sg. III. swefe, 1009, 2061, 2747; pl. swefa, 2257, 2458.
swegel, st. n., _ether, clear sky_: dat. sg. under swegle, 1079, 1198; gen. sg. under swegles begong, 861, 1774.
swegle, adj., _bright, etherlike, clear_: acc. pl. swegle searo-gimmas, 2750.
swegel-wered, _quasi_ pret. part., _ether-clad_: nom. sg. sunne swegl-wered, 607.
swelgan, st. v., _to swallow_: pret. sg. w. instr. syn-snÃdum swealh (_swallowed in great bites_), 744; object omitted, subj. pres. nyme lÃges fâ°ï£¿m swulge on swaule, 783.
for-swelgan, w. acc., _to swallow, consume_: pret. sg. for-swealg, 1123, 2081.
swellan, st. v., _to swell_: inf. Ëâ sià wund on-gan … swÃlan and swellan, 2714.
sweltan, st. v., _to die, perish_: pret. sg. swealt, 1618, 2475; draca morre swealt (_died a violent death_), 893, 2783; wundor-de·e swealt, 3038; hioro-dryncum swealt, 2359.
swencan, w. v., _to swink, oppress, strike_: pret. sg. hine wundra Ëâ°s fela swencte (MS. swecte) on sunde, 1511.
ge-swencan, _to oppress, strike, injure_: pret. sg. syan hine HÃcyn … flâne geswencte, 2439; pret. part. synnum ge-swenced, 976; hÃstapa hundum ge-swenced, 1369.–Comp. lyft-ge-swenced.
sweng, st. m., _blow, stroke_: dat. sg. swenge, 1521, 2967; swenge _(with its stroke_), 2687; instr. pl. sweordes swengum, 2387.–Comp.: feorh-, hete-, heao-, heoro-sweng.
swerian, st. v., _to swear_: pret. w. acc. I. ne me swÃr fela âa on unriht (_swore no false oaths_), 2739; he me âas swÃr, 472.
for-swerian, w. instr., _to forswear, renounce (protect with magic formulÃ?)_: pret. part. he sige-wÃpnum for-sworen hâ°fde, 805.
swÃg, st. m., _sound, noise, uproar_: nom. sg. swÃg, 783; hearpan swÃg, 89, 2459, 3024; sige-folca swÃg, 645; sang and swÃg, 1064; dat. sg. swÃge, 1215.–Comp.: benc-, morgen-swÃg.
swÃlan, w. v., _to burn_ (here of wounds): inf. swÃlan, 2714. See swÃlan.
sweart, adj., _swart, black, dark_: nom. sg. wudu-rÃc sweart, 3146; dat. pl. sweartum nihtum, 167.
sweool (cf. O.H.G. suedan, suethan = cremare; M.H.G. swadem = vapor; and Dietrich in Haupt V., 215), st. m.? n.?, _vapor, smoke, smoking flame_: dat. sg. ofer swioole (MS. swic ole), 3146. See swaul.
sweofot, st. m., _sleep_: dat. sg. on sweofote, 1582, 2296.
sweolo, st. m., _heat, fire, flame_: dat. sg. sweoloe, 1116. Cf. O.H.G. suilizo, suilizunga = ardor, cauma.
sweorcan, st. v., _to trouble, darken_. pres. sg. III. ne him inwit-sorh on sefan sweorce (_darkens his soul_), 1738.
for-sweorcan, _to grow dark_ or _dim_: pres. sg. III. e·gena bearhtm for-site and for-sworce, 1768.
ge-sweorcan (intrans.), _to darken_: pret. sg. niht-helm ge-swearc, 1790.
sweord, swurd, swyrd, st. n., _sword_: nom. sg. sweord, 1287, 1290, 1570, 1606, 1616, 1697; swurd, 891; acc. sg. sweord, 437, 673, 1559, 1664, 1809, 2253, 2500, etc.; swurd, 539, 1902; swyrd, 2611, 2988; instr. sg. sweorde, 561, 574, 680, 2493, 2881; gen. sg. sweordes, 1107, 2194, 2387; acc. pl. sweord, 2639; nom. pl., 3049; instr. pl. sweordum, 567, 586, 885; gen. pl. sweorda, 1041, 2937, 2962.–Comp.: gË-, mâum-, wÃg-sweord.
sweord, st. f., _oath_: in comp. â-sweord _(sword-oath_?), 2065.
sweord-bealo, st. n., _sword-bale, death by the sword_: nom. sg., 1148.
sweord-freca, w. m., _sword-warrior_: dat. sg. sweord-frecan, 1469.
sweord-gifu, st. f., _sword-gift, giving of swords_: nom. sg. swyrd-gifu, 2885.
sweotol, swutol, adj.: 1) _clear, bright_: nom. sg. swutol sang scÃpes, 90.–2) _plain, manifest_: nom. sg. syndolh sweotol, 818; tâcen sweotol, 834; instr. sg. sweotolan tâcne, 141.
sweÃf, sweÃp. See swâfan, swâpan.
swi, st. n.? (O.N. swii), _burning pain_: in comp. Ëry-swi(?).
swift, adj., _swift_: nom. sg. se swifta mearh, 2265.
swimman, swymman, st. v., _to swim_: inf. swymman, 1625.
ofer-swimman, w. acc., _to swim over_ or _through_: pret. sg. ofer-swam siolea bigong (_swam over the sea_), 2368.
swincan, st. v., _to struggle, labor, contend_: pret. pl. git on wâ°teres Ãht seofon niht swuncon, 517.
ge-swing, st. n., _surge, eddy_: nom. sg. atol Ëa geswing, 849.
swingan, st. v., _to swing one’s self, fly_: pres. sg. III. ne gÃd hafoc geond sâ°l swinge, 2265.
swÃcan, st. v.: 1) _to deceive, leave in the lurch, abandon_: pret. sg. nÃfre hit (_the sword_) â°t hilde ne swâc manna Ãngum, 1461.–2) _to escape_: subj. pret. bËtan his lÃc swice, 967.
ge-swÃcan, _to deceive, leave in the lurch_: pret. sg. gË-bill ge-swâc nacod â°t nÃe, 2585, 2682; w. dat. seà ecg ge-swâc ËeÃdne â°t Ëearfe (_the sword failed the prince in need_), 1525.
swÃ, swË (Goth, swinË-s), adj., _strong, mighty_: nom. sg. wâ°s Ëâ°t ge-win tà swË, 191.–Comp. nom. sg. sià swÃre hand (_the right hand_), 2099; _harsh_, 3086.
swÃe, adv., _strongly, very, much_, 598, 998, 1093, 1744, 1927; swËe, 2171, 2188. Compar. swÃor, _more, rather, more strongly_, 961, 1140, 1875, 2199–Comp. un-swÃe.
ofer-swÃian, w. v., _to overcome, vanquish_, w. acc. of person: pres. sg. III. oferswËe, 279, 1769.
swÃ-ferh, adj., (_fortis animo_), _strong-minded, bold, brave_: nom. sg. swË-ferh, 827; gen. sg. swÃ-ferhes, 909; nom. pl. swÃ-ferhe, 493; dat. pl. swÃ-ferhum, 173.
swÃ-hycgend, pres. part. (_strenue cogitans_), _bold-minded, brave in spirit_: nom. sg. swÃ-hycgende, 920; nom. pl. swÃ-hycgende, 1017.
swÃ-mÃd, adj., _strong-minded_: nom. sg., 1625.
on-swÃfan, st. v. w. acc., _to swing, turn, at_ or _against, elevate_: pret. sg. biorn (BeÃwulf) bord-rand on-swâf wi Ëam gryre-gieste, 2560.
swÃgian, w. v., _to be silent, keep silent_: pret. sg. lyt swÃgode niwra spella (_kept little of the new tidings silent_), 2898; pl. swÃgedon ealle, 1700.
swÃgor, adj., _silent, taciturn_: nom, sg. weak, Ëâ wâ°s swÃgra secg … on gylp-sprÃce gË-ge-weorca, 981.
swÃn, swËn, st. n., _swine, boar_ (image on the helm): nom. sg. swËn, 1112; acc. sg. swÃn, 1287.
swÃn-lÃc, st. n., _swine-image_ or _body_: instr. pl. swÃn-lÃcum, 1454.
swÃgan, st. v., _to whistle, roar_: pres. part. swÃgende lÃg, 3146.
swutol. See sweotol.
swylc, swilc (Goth, swa-leik-s), demons, adj. = _talis, such, such a_; relative = _qualis, as, which_: nom. sg. swylc, 178, 1941, 2542, 2709; swylc … swylc=talis … qualis, 1329; acc. sg. swylc, 2799; eall … swylc (_all … which, as_), 72; Ãer swylc (_such another_, i.e. hand), 1584; on swylc (_on such things_), 997; dat. sg. gË-fremmendra swylcum (_to such a battle-worker_, i.e. BeÃwulf), 299; gen. sg. swylces hwâ°t (_some such_), 881; acc. pl. swylce, 2870; call swylce … swylce, 3166; swylce twegen (_two such_), 1348; ealle Ëearfe swylce (_all needs that_), 1798; swylce hie … findan meahton sigla searo-gimma (_such as they might find of jewels and cunning gems_), 1157; efne swylce mÃla swylce (_at just such times as_), 1250; gen. pl. swylcra searo-nÃa, 582; swylcra fela … Ãr-gestreÃna, 2232.
swylce, adv., _as, as also, likewise, similarly_, 113, 293, 758, 831, 855, 908, 921, 1147, 1166, 1428, 1483, 2460, 2825; ge swylce (_and likewise_), 2259; swilce, 1153.
swylt, st. m., _death_: nom. sg., 1256, 1437.
swylt-dâ°g, st. m., _death-day_: dat. sg. Ãr swylt-dâ°ge, 2799.
swynsian, w. v., _to sound_: pret. sg. hlyn swynsode, 612.
swyrd. See sweord.
swËl. See swÃ.
swËn. See swÃn.
syan (seian, Gen. 1525), w. v., _to punish, avenge_, w. acc.: inf. Ëonne hit sweordes ecg syan scolde (_then the edge of the sword should avenge it_), 1107.
syan. See sian.
syfan-wintre, adj., _seven-winters-old_: nom. sg., 2429.
syh. See seÃn.
syl (O.H.G. swella), st. f., _sill, bench-support_: dat. sg. fram sylle, 776.
sylfa. See selfa.
syllan. See sellan.
syllÃc. See sellÃc.
symbol, syml, st. n., _banquet, entertainment_: acc. sg. symbel, 620, 1011; geaf me sinc and symbel (_gave me treasure and feasting_, i.e. made me his friend and table-companion), 2432; Ëâ°t hie … symbel ymbsÃton (_that they might sit round their banquet_), 564; dat. sg. symle, 81, 489, 1009; symble, 119, 2105; gen. pl. symbla, 1233.
symble, symle, adv., _continually, ever_: symble, 2451; symle, 2498; symle wâ°s ËË sÃmra (_he was ever the worse, the weaker_, i.e. the dragon), 2881.
symbel-wyn, st. f., _banqueting-pleasure, joy at feasting_: acc. sg. symbel-wynne dreÃh, 1783.
syn, st. f., _sin, crime_: nom. synn and sacu, 2473; dat. instr. pl. synnum, 976, 1256, 3072.
syn. See sin.
syn-bysig, adj., (culpa laborans), _persecuted on account of guilt?_ (Rieger), _guilt-haunted?_: nom. sg. secg syn-[by]sig, 2228.
ge-syngian, w. v., _to sin, commit a crime_: pret. part. Ëâ°t wâ°s feohle·s ge-feoht, fyrenum ge-syngad, 2442.
synnig, adj., _sin-laden, sinful_: acc. sg. m. sinnigne secg, 1380.–Comp.: fela-, un-synnig.
ge-synto, f., _health_: dat. pl. on gesyntum, 1870.
syrce. See serce.
syrwan, w. v. w. acc., _to entrap, catch unawares_: pret. sg. dugue and geogoe seomade and syrede, 161.
be-syrwan: 1) _to compass_ or _accomplish by finesse; effect_: inf. dÃd Ëe we ealle Ãr ne meahton snyttrum be-syrwan (_a deed that all of us could not accomplish before with all our wisdom_), 943.–2) _to entrap by guile and destroy_: inf. mynte se mânscaa manna cynnes sumne be-syrwan (_the fell foe thought to entrap some one (all?_, see sum) _of the men_), 714.
sËn, f., _seeing, sight, scene_: comp, an-sËn.
ge-sËne, adj., _visible, to be seen_: nom. sg. 1256, 1404, 2948, 3059, 3160.–Comp.: Ã-ge-sËne, Ë-ge-sÃne.
T
taligean, w. v.: 1) _to count, reckon, number; esteem, think_: pres. sg. I. nà ic me … hnâgran gË-geweorca Ëonne Grendel hine (_count myself no worse than G. in battle-works_), 678; wÃn ic talige …Ëâ°t (_I count on the hope … that_), 1846; telge, 2068; sg. III. Ëâ°t rÃd tala Ëâ°t (_counts it gain that_), 2028.–2) _to tell, relate_: sÃ ic talige (_I tell facts_), 532; swâ Ëu self talast (_as thou thyself sayst_), 595.
tâcen, st. n., _token, sign, evidence_: nom. sg. tâcen sweotol, 834; dat. instr. sg. sweotolan tâcne, 141; tÃres tà tâcne, 1655.–Comp. luf-tâcen.
tân, st. m., _twig_: in comp. âter-tân. [emended to âter-te·rum in text–KTH]
ge-tÃcan, w. v., _to show, point out_: pret. sg. him Ëâ hilde-deÃr hof mÃdigra torht ge-tÃhte (_the warrior pointed out to them the bright dwelling of the bold ones_, i.e. Danes), 313. Hence, _to indicate, assign_: pret. sÃna me se mÃra mago Healfdenes … wi his sylfes sunu setl getÃhte (_assigned me a seat by his own son_), 2014.
tÃle, adj., _blameworthy_: in comp. un-tÃle.
ge-tÃse, adj., _quiet, still_: nom. sg. gif him wÃre … niht ge-tÃse (_whether he had a pleasant, quiet, night_), 1321.
tela, adv., _fittingly, well_, 949, 1219, 1226, 1821, 2209, 2738.
telge. See talian.
tellan, w. v., _to tell, consider, deem_: pret. sg. ne his lÃf-dagas leÃda Ãnigum nytte tealde (_nor did he count his life useful to any man_), 795; Ëâ°t ic me Ãnigne under swegles begong ge-sacan ne tealde (_I believed not that I had any foe under heaven_), 1774; cwâ°ï£¿ he Ëone gË-wine gÃdne tealde (_said he counted the war-friend good_), 1811; he Ësic gâr-wÃgend gÃde tealde (_deemed us good spear-warriors_), 2642; pl. swâ (_so that_) hine Ge·ta beam gÃdne ne tealdon, 2185.–2) _to ascribe, count against, impose_: pret. sg. (ï¬ryo) him wâ°lbende weotode tealde hand-gewriene, 1937.
ge-tenge, adj., _attached to, lying on_: w. dat. gold … grunde ge-tenge, 2759.
te·r, st. m., _tear_: nom. pl. te·ras, 1873.
teoh, st. f., _troop, band_: dat. sg. earmre teohhe, 2939.
(ge?)-teohhian, w. v., _to fix, determine, assign_: pret. sg. ic for lâ°ssan le·n teohhode … hnâhran rince, 952; pres. part. wâ°s Ãer in Ãr geteohhod (_assigned_)… mÃrum Ge·te, 1301.
teÃn, st. v., _to draw, lead_: inf. hÃht … eahta mearas … on flet teÃn (_bade eight horses be led into the hall_), 1037; pret. sg. me tà grunde te·h fâh feÃnd-sceaa (_the many-hued fiend-foe drew me to the bottom_), 553; eft-sÃas te·h (_withdrew, returned_), 1333; sg. for pl. Ãg-hwylcum …Ëâra Ëe mid BeÃwulfe brim-lâde te·h (_to each of those that crossed the sea with B._) 1052; pret. part. Ëâ wâ°s … heard ecg togen (_then was the hard edge drawn_), 1289; wear … on nâ°s togen (_was drawn to the promontory_), 1440.
â-teÃn, _to wander, go_, intrans.: pret. sg. tà Heorute â-te·h (_drew to Heorot_), 767.
ge-teÃn: 1) _to draw_: pret. sg. gomel swyrd ge-te·h, 2611; w. instr. and acc. hyre seaxe ge-te·h, brad brËn-ecg, 1546.–2) _to grant, give, lend_: imp. nà Ëu him wearne geteÃh ËÃnra gegn-cwida glâ°dnian (_refuse not to gladden them with thy answer_), 366; pret. sg. and Ëâ BeÃwulfe bega gehwâ°ï£¿res eodor Ingwina onweald ge-te·h (_and the prince of the Ingwins gave B. power over both_), 1045; so, he him Ãst gete·h (_gave possession of_), 2166.
of-teÃn, _to deprive, withdraw_, w. gen. of thing and dat. pers.: pret. sg. Scyld ScÃfing … monegum mÃgum meodo-setla of-te·h, 5; w. acc. of thing, hond … feorh-sweng ne of-te·h, 2490; w. dat. hond (hord, MS.) swenge ne of-te·h, 1521.
Ëurh-teÃn, _to effect_: inf. gif he torn-gemÃt Ëurh-teÃn mihte, 1141.
teÃn (cf. teÃh, _materia_, O.H.G. ziuc), w. v. w. acc., _to make, work_: pret. sg. teÃde, 1453;–_to furnish out, deck_: pret. pl. nalas hi hine lâ°ssan lâcum teÃdan (_provided him with no less gifts_), 43.
ge-teÃn, _to provide, do, bring on_: pres. sg. unc sceal weoran … swâ unc Wyrd ge-teÃ, 2527; pret. sg. Ëe him … sâre ge-teÃde (_who had done him this harm_), 2296.
ge-teÃna, w. m., _injurer, harmer_: in comp. lâ-ge-teÃna.
til, adj., _good, apt, fit_: nom. sg. m. Hâlga til, 61; Ëegn ungemete till (of WÃglâf), 2722; fem. wâ°s seà ËeÃd tilu, 1251; neut. ne wâ°s Ëâ°t ge-wrixle til, 1305.
tilian, w. v. w. gen., _to gain, win_: inf. gif ic … Ãwihte mâ°g ËÃnre mÃd-lufan mâran tilian (_if I … gain_), 1824.
timbrian, w. v., _to build_: pret. part. acc. sg. sâ°l timbred (_the well-built hall_), 307.
be-timbrian, (construere), _to finish building, complete_: pret. pl. betimbredon on tyn dagum beadu-rÃfes bÃcn, 3161.
tÃd, st. f., _-tide, time_: acc. sg. twelf wintra tÃd, 147; lange tÃd, 1916; in Ëâ tÃde, 2228.–Comp.: ân-, morgen-tÃd.
ge-tÃian (from tigian), w. v., _to grant_: pret. part. impers. wâ°s … bÃne (gen.) ge-tÃad fe·sceaftum men, 2285.
tÃr, st. m., _glory, repute in war_. gen. sg. tÃres, 1655.
tÃr-e·dig, adj., _glorious, famous_: dat. sg. tÃr-e·digum menn (of BeÃwulf), 2190.
tÃr-fâ°st, adj., _famous, rich in glory_. nom. sg. (of HrÃgâr), 923.
tÃr-le·s, adj., _without glory, infamous_: gen. sg. (of Grendel), 844.
toga, w. m., _leader_: in comp. folc-toga.
torht, adj., _bright, brilliant_: acc. sg. neut. hof … torht, 313.–Comp.: wuldor-torht, heao-torht (_loud in battle_).
torn, st. n.: 1) _wrath, insult, distress_: acc. sg. torn, 147, 834; gen. pl. torna, 2190.–2) _anger_: instr. sg. torne ge-bolgen, 2402.–Comp. lÃge-torn.
torn, adj., _bitter, cruel_: nom. sg, hreÃwa tornost, 2130.
torn-ge-mÃt, st. n., (_wrathful meeting_), _angry engagement, battle_: acc. sg., 1141.
tÃ, I. prep. w. dat. indicating direction or tending to, hence: 1) local = whither after verbs of motion, _to, up to, at_: com tà recede (_to the hall_), 721; eode tà sele, 920; eode tà hire fre·n sittan, 642; gÃ eft … tà medo (_goeth again to mead_), 605; wand tà wolcnum (_wound to the welkin_), 1120; sigon tà slÃpe (_sank to sleep_), 1252; 28, 158, 234, 438, 553, 926, 1010, 1014, 1155, 1159, 1233, etc.; lÃ-wÃge bâ°r hÃlum tà handa (_bore the ale-cup to the hands of the men? at hand?_), 1984; Ã Ëâ°t niht becom Ãer tà yldum, 2118; him tà bearme cwom mâum-fâ°t mÃre (_came to his hands, into his possession_), 2405; sÃlde tà sande sÃd-fâ°ï£¿me scip (_fastened the broad-bosomed ship to the shore_), 1918; Ëat se harm-scaa tà Heorute â-te·h (_went forth to Heorot_), 767. After verb sittan: site nu tà symble (_sit now to the meal_), 489; sian … we tà symble geseten hâ°fdon, 2105; tà ham (_home, at home_), 124, 374, 2993. With verbs of speaking: maelode tà his wine-drihtne (_spake to his friendly lord_), 360; tà Ge·tum sprec, 1172; so, hÃht Ëâ°t heao-weorc tà hagan biÃdan (_bade the battle-work be told at the hedge_), 2893.–2) with verbs of bringing and taking (cf. under on, I., d): hrae wâ°s tà bËre BeÃwulf fetod (_B. was hastily brought from a room_), 1311; sian Hâma â°t-wâ°g tà ËÃre byrhtan byrig BrÃsinga mene (_since H. carried the Brosing-necklace off from the bright city_), 1200; we·n âhsode. fÃho to Frysum (_suffered woe, feud as to, from, the Frisians_), 1208.–3) =end of motion, hence: a) _to, for, as, in_: Ëone god sende folce tà frÃfre (_for, as, a help to the folk_), 14; gesette … sunnan and mÃnan leÃman to leÃhte (_as a light_), 95; ge-sâ°t … tà rune (_sat in counsel_), 172; wear he Heao-lâfe tà hand-bonan, 460; bringe … tà helpe (_bring to, for, help_), 1831; Jofore forgeaf ângan dÃhtor … hyldo tà wedde (_as a pledge of his favor_), 2999; so, 508(?), 666, 907, 972, 1022, 1187, 1263, 1331, 1708, 1712, 2080, etc.; secgan tà sÃe (_to say in sooth_), 51; so, 591, 2326. b) with verbs of thinking, hoping, etc., _on, for, at, against_: he tà gyrn-wrâ°ce swÃor ËÃhte Ëonne tà sÃ-lâde (_thought more on vengeance than on the sea-voyage_), 1139; sâ°cce ne wÃne tà Gâr-Denum (_nor weeneth of conflict with the Spear-Danes_), 602; Ëonne wÃne ic tà Ëe wyrsan geËinges (_then I expect for thee a worse result_), 525; ne ic to SweÃËeÃde sibbe oe treÃwe wihte ne wÃne (_nor expect at all of, from, the Swedes_ …), 2923; wiste Ëâ°m ahlÃcan tà Ëâ°m he·h-sele hilde ge-Ëinged (_battle prepared for the monster in the high hall_), 648; wel bi Ëâ°m Ëe mot tà fâ°der fâ°ï£¿mum freoo wilnian (_well for him that can find peace in the Father’s arms_), 188; Ëâra Ëe he ge-worhte tà West-Denum (_of those that he wrought against the West-Danes_), 1579.–4) with the gerund, inf.: tà gefremmanne (_to do_), 174; tà ge-cËanne (_to make known_), 257; tà secganne (_to say_), 473; to befleÃnne (_to avoid, escape_), 1004; so, 1420, 1725, 1732, 1806, 1852, 1923, 1942, etc. With inf.: tà fÃran, 316; tà friclan, 2557.–5) temporal: gewât him tà gescâ°p-hwÃle (_went at(?) the hour of fate_; or, _to his fated rest?_), 26; tà wÃdan feore (_ever, in their lives_), 934; âwa tà aldre (_for life, forever_), 956; so, tà aldre, 2006, 2499; tà life (_during life, ever_), 2433.–6) with particles: wÃd under wolcnum tà Ëâ°s Ëe … (_went under the welkin to the point where_ …), 715; so, elne ge-eodon tà Ëâ°s Ëe, 1968; so, 2411; he him Ëâ°s le·n for-geald … tà Ëâ°s Ëe he on reste geseah Grendel licgan (_he paid him for that to the point that he saw G. lying dead_), 1586; wâ°s Ëâ°t blÃd tà Ëâ°s hât (_the blood was hot to that degree_), 1617; nâ°s Ëâ long tà Ëon Ëâ°t (_’twas not long till_), 2592, 2846; wâ°s him se man tà Ëon leÃf Ëâ°t (_the man was dear to him to that degree_), 1877; tà hwan sian wear hond-rÃs hâ°lea (_up to what point, how, the hand-contest turned out_), 2072; tà middes (_in the midst_), 3142.
II. Adverbial modifier, _quasi_ preposition [better explained in many cases as prep. postponed]: l) _to, towards, up to, at_: geÃng sÃna tÃ, 1786; so, 2649; fÃh Ãer tÃ, 1756; sÃ-lâc … Ëe Ëu her tà lÃcast (_upon which thou here lookest_), 1655; folc tà sÃgon (_the folk looked on_), 1423; Ëâ°t hà him tà mihton gegnum gangan (_might proceed thereto_), 313; se Ëe him bealwa tà bÃte gelËfde (_who believed in help out of evils from him_, i.e. BeÃwulf), 910; him tà anwaldan âre ge-lyfde (_trusted for himself to the Almighty’s help_), 1273; Ëe Ës sÃcea tà SweÃna leÃde (_that the Swedes will come against us_), 3002.–2) before adj. and adv., _too_: tà strang (_too mighty_), 133; tà fâ°st, 137; tà swË, 191; so, 789, 970, 1337, 1743, 1749, etc.; tà fela micles (_far too much_), 695; he tà for ge-stÃp (_he had gone too far_), 2290.
tÃ (G. tunËu-s), st. m., _tooth_: in comp. blÃdig-tÃ (adj.).
tredan, st. v. w. acc., _to tread_: inf. sÃ-wong tredan, 1965; el-land tredan, 3020; pret. sg. wrâ°c-lâstas trâ°d, 1353; medo-wongas trâ°d, 1644; grâ°s-moldan trâ°d, 1882.
treddian, tryddian (see trod), w. v., _to stride, tread, go_: pret. sg. treddode, 726; tryddode getrume micle (_strode about with a strong troop_), 923.
trem, st. n., _piece, part_: acc. sg. ne … fÃtes trem (_not a foot’s breadth_), 2526.
treÃw, st. f., _fidelity, good faith_: acc. sg. treÃwe, 1073; sibbe oe treÃwe, 2923.
treÃw, st. n., _tree_: in comp. galg-treÃw.
treÃwian. See trËwian.
treÃw-loga, w. m., _troth-breaker, pledge-breaker_: nom. pl. treÃw-logan, 2848.
trodu, st. f., _track, step_: acc. sg. or pl. trode, 844.
ge-trum, st. n., _troop, band_: instr. sg. ge-trume micle, 923.
trum, adj., _strong, endowed with_: nom. sg. heorot hornum trum, 1370.
ge-trËwan, w. v. w. acc., _to confirm, pledge solemnly_: pret. sg. Ëâ hie getrËwedon on twâ healfe fâ°ste friou-wÃre, 1096.
trËwian, treÃwan, w. v., _to trust in, rely on, believe in_: 1) w. dat.: pret. sg. sÃe ne trËwode leÃfes mannes (_I trusted not in the dear man’s enterprise_), 1994; bearne ne trËwode Ëâ°t he … (_she trusted not the child that_ …), 2371; gehwylc hiora his ferhe treÃwde Ëâ°t he … (_each trusted his heart that_ …), 1167.–2) w. gen.: pret. sg. Ge·ta leÃd georne trËwode mÃdgan mâ°gnes, 670; wires ne trËwode, 2954.
ge-trËwian, _to rely on, trust in_, w. dat.: pret. sg. strenge ge-trËwode, mund-gripe mâ°genes, 1534;–w. gen. pret. sg. beorges ge-trËwode, wÃges and wealles, 2323; strenge ge-trËwode ânes mannes, 2541.
tryddian. See treddian.
trËwe, adj., _true, faithful_: nom. sg. Ëâ gyt wâ°s … Ãghwylc Ãrum trËwe, 1166.
ge-trËwe, adj., _faithful_: nom. sg. her is Ãghwylc eorl Ãrum ge-trËwe, 1229.
turf, st. f., _sod, soil, seat_: in comp. Ãel-turf.
tux, st. m., _tooth, tusk_: in comp. hilde-tux.
ge-twÃfan, w. v. w. acc. of person and gen. thing, _to separate, divide, deprive of, hinder_: pres. sg. III. Ëâ°t Ëec âdl oe ecg eafoes ge-twÃfe (_robs of strength_), 1764; inf. god e·e mâ°g Ëone dol-scaan dÃda ge-twÃfan (_God may easily restrain the fierce foe from his deeds_), 479; pret. sg. sumne Ge·ta leÃd … feores getwÃfde (_cut him off from life_), 1434; nà ËÃr wÃg-flotan wind ofer Ëum sÃes ge-twÃfde (_the wind hindered not the wave-floater in her course over the water_), 1909; pret. part. â°t rihte wâ°s gË ge-twÃfed (_almost had the struggle been ended_), 1659.
ge-twÃman, w. v. acc. pers. and gen. thing, _to hinder, render incapable of, restrain_: inf. ic hine ne mihte … ganges getwÃman, 969.
twegen, m. f. n. twâ, num., _twain, two_: nom. m. twegen, 1164; acc. m. twegen, 1348; dat. twÃm, 1192 gen. twega, 2533; acc. f. twâ, 1096, 1195.
twelf, num., _twelve_, gen. twelfa, 3172.
tweone (Frisian twine), num. = _bini, two_: dat. pl. be sÃm tweonum, 859, 1298; 1686.
twidig, adj., in comp. lang-twidig (_long-assured_), 1709.
tyder, st. m., _race, descendant_: in comp. un-tyder, 111.
tydre (Frisian teddre), adj., _weak, unwarlike, cowardly_: nom. pl. tydre, 2848.
tyn, num., _ten_: uninflect. dat. on tyn dagum, 3161; inflect. nom. tyne, 2848.
tyrwian, w. v., _to tar_: pret. part. tyrwed in comp.: niw-tyrwed.
on-tyhtan, w. v., _to urge on, incite, entice_: pret. sg. on-tyhte, 3087.
ï¬
Ëafian, w. v. w. acc., _to submit to, endure_: inf. Ëâ°t se ËeÃd-cyning Ëafian sceolde Eofores ânne dÃm, 2964.
Ëanc, st. m.: 1) _thought_: in comp. fore-, hete-, or-, searo-Ëanc; inwit-Ëanc (adj.).–2) _thanks_ (w. gen. of thing): nom. sg., 929, 1779; acc. sg. Ëanc, 1998, 2795.–3) _content, favor, pleasure_: dat. sg. Ëâ Ëe gif-sceattas Ge·ta fyredon Ëyder tà Ëance (_those that tribute for the Geâtas carried thither for favor_). 379.
ge-Ëanc, st. m., _thought_: instr. pl. ËeÃstrum ge-Ëoncum, 2333.–Comp. mÃd-ge-Ëanc.
Ëanc-hycgende, pres. part., _thoughtful_, 2236.
Ëancian, w. v., _to thank_: pret. sg. gode Ëancode … Ëâ°s Ëe hire se willa ge-lamp (_thanked God that her wish was granted_), 626; so, 1398; pl. Ëancedon, 627(?).
Ëanon, Ëonon, Ëonan, adv., _thence_: 1) local: Ëanon eft gewât (_he went thence back_), 123; Ëanon up … stigon (_went up thence_), 224; so, Ëanon, 463, 692, 764, 845, 854, 1293; Ëanan, 1881; Ëonon, 520, 1374, 2409; Ëonan, 820, 2360, 2957.–2) personal: Ëanon untydras ealle on-wÃcon (_from him_, i.e. Cain, etc.), 111; so, Ëanan, 1266; Ëonon, 1961; unsÃfte Ëonon feorh Ã-ferede (i.e. from Grendel’s mother), 2141.
Ëâ, adv.: l) _there, then_, 3, 26, 28, 34, 47, 53, etc. With ËÃr: Ëâ ËÃr, 331. With nu: nu Ëâ (_now then_), 658.–2) conjunction, _when, as, since_, w. indic., 461, 539, 633, etc.;–_because, whilst, during, since_, 402, 465, 724, 2551, etc.
Ëâ°t, I. demons, pron. acc. neut. of se: demons, nom. Ëâ°t (_that_), 735, 766, etc.; instr. sg. ËË, 1798, 2029; Ëâ°t ic ËË wÃpne ge-brâ°d (_that I brandished as(?) a weapon; that I brandished the weapon?_), 1665; ËË weorra (_the more honored_), 1903; ËË sÃft (_the more easily_), 2750; ËË lâ°s hym Ëe Ërym wudu wynsuman for-wrecan meahte (_lest the force of the waves the winsome boat might carry away_), 1919; nà ËË Ãr (_not sooner_), 755, 1503, 2082, 2374, 2467; nà ËË leng (_no longer, none the longer_), 975. ËË =adv., _therefore, hence_, 1274, 2068; Ëà … Ëà = _on this account; for this reason … that, because_, 2639-2642; wiste Ëà geornor (_knew but too well_), 822; he … wâ°s sundes Ëà sÃnra Ëe hine swylt fornam (_he was the slower in swimming as [whom?] death carried him off_), 1437; nâ°s him wihte Ëà sÃl (_it was none the better for him_), 2688; so, 2278. Gen. sg. Ëâ°s = adv., _for this reason, therefore_, 7, 16, 114, 350, 589, 901, 1993, 2027, 2033, etc. Ëâ°s Ëe, especially after verbs of thanking, = _because_, 108, 228, 627, 1780, 2798;–also = secundum quod: Ëâ°s Ëe hie gewislÃcost ge-witan meahton, 1351;–_therefore, accordingly_, 1342, 3001; tà Ëâ°s (_to that point; to that degree_), 715, 1586, 1617, 1968, 2411; Ëâ°s georne (_so firmly_), 969; ac he Ëâ°s fâ°ste wâ°s … besmiod (_it was too firmly set_), 774; nà Ëâ°s frÃd leofa gumena bearna Ëâ°t Ëone grund wite (_none liveth among men so wise that he should know its bottom_), 1368; he Ëâ°s (Ëâ°m, MS.) mÃdig wâ°s (_had the courage for it_), 1509.
II. conj. (relative), _that, so that_, 15, 62, 84, 221, 347, 358, 392, 571, etc.; Ã Ëâ°t (_up to that, until_); see Ã.
Ëâ°tte (from Ëâ°t Ëe, see Ëe), _that_, 151, 859, 1257, 2925, etc.; Ëâ°t Ëe (_that_), 1847.
ËÃr: 1) demons. adv., _there (where)_, 32, 36, 89, 400, 757, etc.; moror-bealo mâga, ËÃr heà Ãr mÃste heÃld worolde wynne (_the death-bale of kinsmen where before she had most worldly joy_), 1080. With Ëâ: Ëâ ËÃr, 331; ËÃr on innan (_therein_), 71. Almost like Eng. expletive _there_, 271, 550, 978, etc.;–_then, at that time_, 440;–_thither_: ËÃr swÃ-ferhe sittan eodon (_thither went the bold ones to sit_, i.e. to the bench), 493, etc.–2) relative, _where_, 356, 420, 508, 513, 522, 694, 867, etc.; eode … ËÃr se snottra bâd (_went where the wise one tarried_), 1314; so, 1816;–_if_, 763, 798, 1836, 2731, etc.;–_whither_: gâ ËÃr he wille, 1395.
Ëe, I. relative particle, indecl., partly standing alone, partly associated with se, seÃ, Ëâ°t: Hunfer maelode, Ëe â°t fÃtum sâ°t (_H., who sat at his feet, spake_), 500; so, 138, etc.; wâ°s Ëâ°t gewin tà swË Ëe on Ëâ leÃde be-com (_the misery that had come on the people was too great_), 192, etc.; ic wille … Ëe Ëâ and-sware â°dre ge-cËan Ëe me se gÃda â-gifan Ëence (_I will straightway tell thee the answer that the good one shall give_), 355; Ã Ëone ânne dâ°g Ëe he … (_till that very day that he_ …), 2401; heà Ëâ fÃhe wrâ°c Ëe Ëu … Grendel cwealdest (_the fight in which thou slewest G._), 1335; mid ËÃre sorge Ëe him sià sâr belamp (_with the sorrow wherewith the pain had visited him_), 2469; pl. Ëonne Ëâ dydon Ëe … (_than they did that_ …), 45; so, 378, 1136; Ëâ mâmas Ëe he me sealde (_the treasures that he gave me_), 2491; so, ginfâ°stan gife Ëe him god sealde (_the great gifts that God had given him_), 2183. After Ëâra Ëe (_of those that_), the depend. verb often takes sg. instead of pl. (Dietrich, Haupt XI., 444 seqq.): wundor-siÃna fela secga ge-hwylcum Ëâra Ëe on swylc stara (_to each of those that look on such_), 997; so, 844, 1462, 2384, 2736. Strengthened by se, seÃ, Ëâ°t: sâ°gde se Ëe cËe (_said he that knew_), 90; wâ°s se grimma gâ°st Grendel hâten, se Ëe mÃras heÃld (_the grim stranger hight Grendel, he that held the moors_), 103; here-byrne … seà Ëe bân-cofan beorgan cËe (_the corselet that could protect the body_), 1446, etc.; ËÃr ge-lËfan sceal dryhtnes dÃme se Ëe hine de· nime (_he shall believe in God’s judgment whom death carrieth off_), 441; so, 1437, 1292 (cf. Heliand I., 1308).
Ëâ°s Ëe. See Ëâ°t.
Ëe·h Ëe. See Ëe·h.
for Ëam Ëe. See for-Ëam.
ËË, ËÃ, _the, by that_, instr. of se: âhte ic holdra ËË lâ°s … Ëe de· for-nam (_I had the less friends whom death snatched away_), 488; so, 1437.
Ëeccan, w. v., _to cover_ (thatch), _cover over_: inf. Ëâ sceal brond fretan, â°led Ëeccean (_fire shall eat, flame shall cover, the treasures_), 3016; pret. pl. ËÃr git e·gor-stre·m earmum Ëehton (_in swimming_), 513.
Ëegn, st. m., _thane, liegeman, king’s higher vassal; knight_: nom. sg., 235, 494, 868, 2060, 2710; (BeÃwulf), 194; (WÃglâf), 2722; acc. sg. Ëegen (BeÃwulf, MS. Ëegn), 1872; dat. sg. Ëegne, 1342, 1420; (Hengest), 1086; (WÃglâf), 2811; gen. sg. Ëegnes, 1798; nom. pl. Ëegnas, 1231; acc. pl. Ëegnas, 1082, 3122; dat. pl. Ëegnum, 2870; gen. pl. Ëegna, 123, 400, 1628, 1674, 1830, 2034, etc.–Comp.: ambiht-, ealdor-, heal-, magu-, sele-Ëegn.
Ëegnian, ËÃnian, w. v., _to serve, do liege service_: pret. sg. ic him ËÃnode deÃran sweorde (_I served them with my good sword_, i.e. slew them with it), 560.
Ëegn-sorh, st. f., _thane-sorrow, grief for a liegeman_: acc. sg. Ëegn-sorge, 131.
Ëegu, st. f., _taking_: in comp.: be·h-, beÃr-, sinc-Ëegu.
Ëel, st. n., _deal-board, board for benches_: in comp. benc-Ëel, 486, 1240.
Ëencan, w. v.: 1) _to think_: absolutely: pres. sg. III. se Ëe wel Ëence, 289; so, 2602. With depend. clause: pres. sg. nÃnig heora ËÃhte Ëâ°t he … (_none of them thought that he_), 692.–2) w. inf., _to intend_: pres. sg. III. Ëâ and-sware … Ëe me se gÃda â-gifan Ëence (_the answer that the good one intendeth to give me_), 355; (blÃdig wâ°l) byrgean Ëence, 448; Ëonne he … gegân Ëence longsumne lof (_if he will win eternal fame_), 1536; pret. sg. ne Ëâ°t aglÃca yldan ËÃhte (_the monster did not mean to delay that_), 740; pret. pl. wit unc wi hronfixas werian ËÃhton, 541; (hine) on healfa ge-hwone he·wan ËÃhton, 801.
â-Ëencan, _to intend, think out_: pret. sg. (he) Ëis ellen-weorc âna â-ËÃhte tà ge-fremmanne, 2644.
ge-Ëencan, w. acc.: 1) _to think of_: Ëâ°t he his selfa ne mâ°g … ende ge-Ëencean (_so that he himself may not think of, know, its limit_), 1735.–2) _to be mindful_: imper. sg. ge-Ëenc nu … hwâ°t wit geà sprÃcon, 1475.
Ëenden: 1) adv., _at this time, then, whilst_: nalles fâcen-stafas ï¬eÃd-Scyldingas Ëenden fremedon (_not at all at this time had the Scyldings done foul deeds_), 1020 (referring to 1165; cf. WÃdsÃ, 45 seqq.); Ëenden re·fode rinc Ãerne (_whilst one warrior robbed another_, i.e. Eofor robbed OngenËeÃw), 2986.–2) conj., _so long as, whilst_, 30, 57, 284, 1860, 2039, 2500, 3028;–_whilst_, 2419. With subj., _whilst, as long as_: Ëenden Ëu mÃte, 1178; Ëenden Ëu lifige, 1255; Ëenden hyt sË (_whilst the heat lasts_), 2650.
Ëengel, st. m., _prince, lord, ruler_: acc. sg. hringa Ëengel (BeÃwulf), 1508.
Ëes (m.), ËeÃs (f.), Ëis (n.), demons. pron., _this_: nom. sg. 411, 432, 1703; f., 484; nom. acc. neut., 2156, 2252, 2644; Ëys, 1396; acc. sg. m. Ëisne, 75; f. Ëâs, 1682; dat. sg. neut. Ëissum, 1170; Ëyssum, 2640; f. Ëisse, 639; gen. m. Ëisses, 1217; f. Ëisse, 929; neut. Ëysses, 791, 807; nom. pl. and acc. Ëâs, 1623, 1653, 2636, 2641; dat. Ëyssum, 1063, 1220.
ËÃ. See Ëâ°t.
ËÃh. See Ëe·h.
Ëearf, st. f., _need_: nom. sg. Ëearf, 1251, 2494, 2638; Ëâ him wâ°s manna Ëearf (_as he was in need of men_), 201; acc. sg. Ëearfe, 1457, 2580, 2850; fremma ge nu leÃda Ëearfe (_do ye now what is needful for the folk_), 2802; dat. sg. â°t Ëearfe, 1478, 1526, 2695, 2710; acc. pl. se for andrysnum ealle beweotede Ëegnes Ëearfe (_who would supply in courtesy all the thane’s needs_), 1798 (cf. sele-Ëegn, 1795).–Comp.: firen-, nearo-, ofer-Ëearf.
Ëearf. See Ëurfan.
ge-Ëearfian, w. v., = _necessitatem imponere_: pret. part. Ëâ him swâ ge-Ëearfod wâ°s (_since so they found it necessary_), 1104.
Ëearle, adv., _very, exceedingly_, 560.
Ëe·h, ËÃh, conj., _though, even though_ or _if_: 1) with subj. Ëe·h, 203, 526, 588, 590, 1168, 1661, 2032, 2162. Strengthened by Ëe: Ëe·h Ëe, 683, 1369, 1832, 1928, 1942, 2345, 2620; Ëe·h … eal (_although_), 681.–2) with indic.: Ëe·h, 1103; ËÃh, 1614.–3) doubtful: Ëe·h he Ëe wel, 2856; swâ Ëe·h (_nevertheless_), 2879; nà … swâ Ëe·h (_not then however_), 973; nâ°s Ëe forht swâ ËÃh (_he was not, though, afraid_), 2968; hwâ°ï£¿re swâ Ëe·h (_yet however_), 2443.
Ëe·w, st. m., _custom, usage_: nom. sg., 178, 1247; acc. sg. Ëe·w, 359; instr. pl. Ëe·wum (_in accordance with custom_), 2145.
ËeÃd, st. f.: 1) _war-troop, retainers_: nom. sg., 644, 1231, 1251.–2) _nation, folk_: nom. sg., 1692; gen. pl. ËeÃda, 1706.–Comp.: sige-, wer-ËeÃd.
ËeÃd-cyning, st. m., (=folc-cyning), _warrior-king, king of the people_: nom. sg. (HrÃgâr), 2145; (OngenËeÃw), 2964, 2971; ËiÃd-cyning (BeÃwulf), 2580; acc. sg. ËeÃd-cyning (BeÃwulf), 3009; gen. sg. ËeÃd-cyninges (BeÃwulf), 2695; gen. pl. ËeÃd-cyninga, 2.
ËeÃden, st. m., _lord of a troop, war-chief, king; ruler_: nom. sg., 129, 365, 417, 1047, 1210, 1676, etc.; ËiÃden, 2337, 2811; acc. sg. ËeÃden, 34, 201, 353, 1599, 2385, 2722, 2884, 3080; ËiÃden, 2789; dat. sg. ËeÃdne, 345, 1526, 1993, 2573, 2710, etc.; ËeÃden, 2033; gen. sg. ËeÃdnes 798, 911, 1086, 1628, 1838, 2175; ËiÃdnes, 2657; nom. pl. ËeÃdnas, 3071.
ËeÃden-le·s, adj., _without chief_ or _king_: nom. pl. ËeÃden-le·se, 1104.
ËeÃd-gestreÃn, st. n., _people’s-jewel, precious treasure_: instr. pl. ËeÃd-ge-streÃnum, 44; gen. pl. ËeÃd-ge-streÃna, 1219.
ËeÃdig, adj., _appertaining to a_ ËeÃd: in comp. el-ËeÃdig.
ËeÃd-scaa, w. m., _foe of the people, general foe_: nom. sg. ËeÃd-sceaa (_the dragon_), 2279, 2689.
ËeÃd-Ëre·, st. f. m., _popular misery, general distress_: dat. pl. wi ËeÃd-Ëre·um, 178.
ËeÃf, st. m., _thief_: gen. sg. ËeÃfes crâ°fte, 2221.
ËeÃn, st. v.: 1) _to grow, ripen, thrive_: pret. sg. weormyndum Ëâh (_grew in glory_), 8.–2) _to thrive in, succeed_: pret. sg. hËru Ëâ°t on lande lyt manna Ëâh (_that throve to few_), 2837. See Note, l. 901.
ge-ËeÃn, _to grow, thrive; increase in power and influence_: imper. ge-ËeÃh tela, 1219; inf. lof-dÃdum sceal … man geËeÃn, 25; Ëâ°t Ëâ°t ËeÃdnes bearn ge-ËeÃn scolde, 911.
on-ËeÃn? _to begin, undertake_, w. gen.: pret. he Ëâ°s Ãr onËâh, 901. [In MS. Emended in text.–KTH] See Note, l. 901.
Ëeon (for ËeÃwan), w. v., _to oppress, restrain_: inf. nâ°s se folc-cyning ymb-sittendra Ãnig Ëâra Ëe mec … dorste egesan ËeÃn (_that durst oppress me with terror_), 2737.
ËeÃstor, adj., _dark, gloomy_: instr. pl. ËeÃstrum ge-Ëoncum, 2333.
Ëicgan, st. v. w. acc., _to seize, attain, eat, appropriate_: inf. Ëâ°t he (Grendel) mâ mÃste manna cynnes Ëicgean ofer Ëâ niht, 737; symbel Ëicgan (_take the meal, enjoy the feast_), 1011; pret. pl. Ëâ°t hie me ËÃgon, 563; ËÃr we medu ËÃgun, 2634.
ge-Ëicgan, w. acc., _to grasp, take_: pret. sg. (symbel and sele-ful, ful) ge-Ëeah, 619, 629; BeÃwulf ge-Ëah ful on flette, 1025; pret. pl. (medo-ful manig) ge-ËÃgon, 1015.
Ëider, Ëyder, adv., _thither_: Ëyder, 3087, 379, 2971.
Ëihtig, Ëyhtig, adj., _doughty, vigorous, firm_: acc. sg. neut. sweord … ecgum Ëyhtig, 1559.–Comp. hyge-Ëihtig.
Ëincan. See Ëyncan.
Ëing, st. n.: 1) _thing_: gen. pl. Ãnige Ëinga (_ullo modo_), 792, 2375, 2906.–2) _affair, contest, controversy_: nom. sg. me wear Grendles Ëing … undyrne cË (_Grendel’s doings became known to me_), 409.–3) _judgment, issue, judicial assembly_(?): acc. sg. sceal … âna gehegan Ëing wi Ëyrse (_shall bring the matter alone to an issue against the giant_: see hegan), 426.
ge-Ëing, st. n.: 1) _terms, covenant_: acc. pl. ge-Ëingo, 1086.–2) _fate, providence, issue_: gen. sg. ge-Ëinges, 398, 710; (ge-Ëingea, MS.), 525.
ge-Ëingan, st. v., _to grow, mature, thrive_ (Dietrich, Haupt IX., 430): pret. part. cwÃn mÃde ge-Ëungen (_mature-minded, high-spirited, queen_), 625. See wel-Ëungen.
ge-Ëingan (see ge-Ëing), w. v.: 1) _to conclude a treaty_: w. refl. dat, _enter into a treaty_: pres. sg. III. gif him Ëonne HrÃrÃc tà hofum Ge·ta ge-Ëinge _(if H. enters into a treaty_ (seeks aid at?) _with the court of the Ge·tas_, referring to the old German custom of princes entering the service or suite of a foreign king), 1838. Leo.–2) _to prepare, appoint_: pret. part. wiste [â°t] Ëâ°m ahlÃcan … hilde ge-Ëinged, 648; hrae wâ°s … mÃce ge-Ëinged, 1939.
Ëingian, w. v.: 1) _to speak in an assembly, make an address_: inf. ne hËrde ic snotor-lÃcor on swâ geongum feore guman Ëingian (_I never heard a man so young speak so wisely_), 1844.–2) _to compound, settle, lay aside_: inf. ne wolde feorh-bealo … feà Ëingian (_would not compound the life-bale for money_), 156; so, pret. sg. Ëâ fÃhe feà Ëingode, 470.
ËÃhan. See ËeÃn.
Ëin, possess, pron., _thy, thine_, 267, 346, 353, 367, 459, etc.
ge-ËÃht, st. m., _thought, plan_: acc. sg. ân-fealdne ge-ËÃht, 256; fâ°st-rÃdne ge-ËÃht, 611.
Ëolian, w. v. w. acc.: 1) _to endure, bear_: inf. (inwid-sorge) Ëolian, 833; pres. sg. III. Ëre·-nËd Ëola, 284; pret. sg. Ëolode Ëryswy, 131.–2) _to hold out, stand, survive_: pres. sg. (intrans.) Ëenden Ëis sweord Ëola (_as long as this sword holds out_), 2500; pret. sg. (seà ecg) Ëolode Ãr fela hand-gemÃta, 1526.
ge-Ëolian: 1) _to suffer, bear, endure_: gerund. tà ge-Ëolianne, 1420; pret. sg. earfo-lice Ërage ge-Ëolode…, Ëâ°t he … dre·m gehËrde (_bore ill that he heard the sound of joy_), 87; torn ge-Ëolode (_bore the misery_), 147.–2) _to have patience, wait_: inf. ËÃr he longe sceal on Ëâ°s waldendes wÃre ge-Ëolian, 3110.
Ëon (Goth, Ëan) = _tum, then, now_, 504; â°fter Ëon (_after that_), 725; Ãr Ëon dâ°g cwÃme (_ere day came_), 732; nà Ëon lange (_it was not long till then_), 2424; nâ°s Ëâ long tà Ëon (_it was not long till then_), 2592, 2846; wâ°s him se man tà Ëon leÃf Ëâ°t … _(the man was to that degree dear to him that …_), 1877.
Ëonne: 1) adv., _there, then, now_, 377, 435, 525, 1105, 1456, 1485, 1672, 1823, 3052, 3098(?).–2) conj., _if, when, while_: a) w. indic., 573, 881, 935, 1034, 1041, 1043, 1144, 1286, 1327, 1328, 1375, etc.; Ëâ°t ic gum-cystum gÃdne funde be·ga bryttan, bre·c Ëonne mÃste (_that I found a good ring-giver and enjoyed him whilst I could_), 1488. b) w. subj., 23, 1180, 3065; Ëonne …Ëonne (_then … when_), 484-85, 2447-48; gif Ëonne …Ëonne (_if then … then_), 1105-1107. c) _than_ after comparatives, 44, 248, 469, 505, 534, 679, 1140, 1183, etc.; a comparative must be supplied, l. 70, before Ëone: Ëâ°t he … hâtan wolde medo-â°rn micel men ge-wyrcean Ëone yldo bearn Ãfre ge-frunon (_a great mead-house_ (greater) _than men had ever known_).
Ëracu, st. f., _strength, boldness_: in comp. mÃd-Ëracu; = impetus in ecg-Ëracu.
Ërag, st. f., _period of time, time_: nom. sg. Ëâ hine sià Ërag be-cwom (_when the_ [battle]-_hour befell him_), 2884; acc. sg. Ërage (_for a time_), 87; longe (lange) Ërage, 54, 114.–Comp. earfo-Ërag.
ge-Ërâ°c, st. n., _multitude, crowd_: in comp. searo-ge-Ërâ°c.
Ërec-wudu, st. m., (_might-wood_), _spear_ (cf. mâ°gen-wudu): acc. sg., 1247.
Ëre·, st. m. f., _misery, distress_: in comp. ËeÃd-Ëre·, Ëre·-nÃdla, -nËd.
Ëre·-nÃdla, w. m., _crushing distress, misery_: dat. sg. for Ëre·-nÃdlan, 2225.
Ërea-nËd, st. f., _oppression, distress_: acc. sg. Ëre·-nËd, 284; dat. pl. Ëre·-nËdum, 833.
Ëre·t, st. m., _troop, band_: dat. sg. on Ëam Ëre·te, 2407; dat. pl. sceaena Ëre·tum, 4.–Comp. Ãren-Ëre·t.